Effect of γ-PGA Coated Urea on N-Release Rate and Tomato Growth

The anionic polymer γ-polyglutamic acid （γ-PGA） was used to coat urea and slow its dissolution. Three types of slow release urea （SRU） fertilizers （polymer coated urea with pore constriction, polymer coated urea with enzyme inhibitor and polymer coated urea with pore constriction and enzyme inhibitor） were prepared and tested for the N-release rate. After using SRU, the effect on the tomato growth was analyzed. The extracts of SRU were analyzed for NH3/NH4＋-N and NO3--N. The N-release rate was used to determine the optimum ratio of ingredients. The results show that the three types of SRU met the dissolution rate standards recommended by the Com- mittee of European Normalization. γ-PGA SRU increased the chlorophyll content of tomato （flowering stage） by an average of 100% compared with that grew in untreated urea. The results from soil analysis （0-60 cm in tomato pots） indicate that the content of NH3/NH4＋-N in SRU-treated pots was 25%-61% higher than that in soil from urea-treated pots during the growing period, while the content of NO3--N was nearly 50% lower after the tomato had been harvested. Newly formulated SRU fertilizer increases nitrogen up- take and reduces loss of applied nitrogen. Plant growth is enhanced, a valu- able resource is conserved, and the aquatic environment benefits from de- creased level of nitrate in agricultural run-off.

Adjusted Nutrition Solution Formula Improves the Growth and Yield of Soilless Tomato Culture in Southern Xinjiang

The tomato production facilities in southern Xinjiang have unique climatic conditions.However,due to the high salinity and degree of mineralization of the soil and the extensive management of irrigation water sources,the tomato production efficiency is low,and there is still much room for improvement.In this study,the formulas of tomato nutrient solutions were adjusted according to the local irrigation water quality characteristics,and tomato was grown in a greenhouse using sand cultivation.To select a nutrient solution formula suitable for the tomato cultivated in the local facilities,various parameters of tomato treated with different formulas were compared.The results showed the following:①Adjusting the nutrient solution formula could effectively improve the vegetative and reproductive growth indexes of tomato.②Properly decreasing the nutrient solution concentration could improve the growth indexes of tomato.③Decreases in Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) in the nutrient solution did not affect the growth and yield of tomato.The possible reason for the third result was that excessive cations in the water inhibited the absorption of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) in the nutrient solution and had antagonistic effects.Therefore,a high nutrient solution concentration does not necessarily promote the growth of tomatoes.In summary,this study will improve the production conditions of protected tomato in the southern Xinjiang area by supporting tomato nutrient solution adjustments according to actual conditions in combination with reasonable irrigation systems and scientific management.

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics of Facility Tomato and Chemical Properties of Acidic soil

[Objectives] This study was conducted to discuss the possibility of applying microbial fertilizer to production of facility tomato,so as to determine rational application rate for facility tomato. [Methods]A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application of microbial fertilizer onto acidic soil on yield,quality and soil chemical properties of facility tomato. [Results] Yield of facility tomato was improved after the application of microbial fertilizer.Treatment ABA-2 showed the highest yield,which was higher than the CK by 7. 98%. On the basis of conventional fertilization,the combined application with microbial fertilizer could promote growth and development of tomato,and could significantly improve fruit weight,and Vc,soluble solid and lycopene contents. Furthermore,the microbial fertilizer could remarkably improve soil p H,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizer at 80 kg/667 m;has better effects on tomato growth and development and soil status.

Comparison of the Effect of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Production of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>L.)

This study attempted to compare the effect of cow manure vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on the vegetative growth and fruits of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of vermicompost equivalent to 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50% (N-P-K = 69-16-35 kg ha-1), 100% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha-1) and 200% (N-P-K = 274-64-140 kg ha-1). The treatments were replicated three times. The data revealed that shoot length, number of leaves, dry matter weight of shoots and roots, fruit number and fruit weight were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by the application of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer in the growth media. The highest dose of vermicompost of 20 t ha-1 increased dry weight of shoot of 52 folds and root of 115 folds, number of fruit(s)/plant of 6 folds and mean fruit weight of 29 folds while the highest rate of NPK fertilizer of 200% increased dry weight of shoot of 35 folds and root of 80 folds, number of fruit(s)/plant of 4 folds and mean fruit weight of 18 folds over the control treatment. The growth performance of tomato was better in the vermicompost amended soil pots than the plants grown in the inorganic fertilizer amended soil pots. This study suggested that the vermicompost served as a potential source of nutrients for plant growth.

Effect of cadmium on growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings

A hydroponic experiment carried out to study the effect of five Cd levels on growth and photosynthesis of two tomato cultivars showed that the addition of 0.1 μmol/L Cd induced a slight increase in plant height of Hezuo 903 and the SPAD (the Soil–Plant Analyses Development) value of the 2 cultivars. However, at higher Cd levels, i.e., 1 and 10 μmol/L, root length and volume, plant height, and SPAD value were all significantly reduced. On an average of the 2 cultivars, exposure to 1 and 10 μmol/L Cd for 33 d reduced plant height by 18.9% and 46.4% and SPAD value by 11.2% and 31.6%, compared with control, respectively. Similarly, root length was reduced by 41.1% and 25.8% and root volume by 45.2% and 63.7%, respectively. The addition of Cd in the growth medium also had significant deleterious effect on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), with Pn being reduced by 27.2% and 62.1% at 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L Cd treatments compared to the control, respectively, while Ci increased correspondingly by 28.4% and 39.3%.

Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato

The effects of cold plasma(CP) treatment on seed germination, seedling growth, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of a tomato were investigated. The results showed that 80 W of CP treatment significantly increased tomato nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) absorption by12.7% and 19.1%, respectively. CP treatment significantly improved the germination potential of tomato seed by 11.1% and the germination rate by 13.8%. Seedling growth characteristics,including total dry weight, root dry weight, root shoot rate, and leaf area, significantly increased after 80 W of CP treatment. Root activity was increased by 15.7% with 80 W of CP treatment,and 12.6% with 100 W of CP treatment. CP treatment(80 W) markedly ameliorated tomato root morphology, and root length, surface area, and volume, which increased 21.3%, 23.6%, and29.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that CP treatment improved tomato N and P absorption by promoting the accumulation of shoot and root biomass, increasing the leaf area and root activity, and improving the length, surface area, and volume of root growth. Thus, CP treatment could be used in an ameliorative way to improve tomato nutrient absorption.

Effect of Different Spacing and Urea Application Rates on Fruit Nutrient Composition, Growth and Yield of Tomato in Derived Savannah Vegetation of Kogi State, Nigeria

Experiments were located at Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ejiba and Horticultural Section College of Agriculture, Kabba in 2014 cropping season to investigate the effect of different spacing and urea application rates on fruit nutrient composition, growth and fruit yield of tomato in derived savanna vegetation of Nigeria. Field experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in factorial fashion with three replications. The row spacing were 75 × 40 cm (33,333 plant·ha-1, 75 × 50 cm (26,666 plant·ha-1) and 75 × 60 cm (22,222 plant·ha-1) while the urea rates comprised control (0 kg urea·ha-1), 54.3 and 108.6 kg urea·ha-1. Growth and yield parameters taken were as follows: average plant height, stem girth, leaf area (m2) and yield per land area. Data were collected from ten randomly selected plants in each plot. The data were statistically analyzed using GENSTAT. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to find out the significance of variation among the treatments while the significant difference between mean treatments was separated using least significance Difference at 5% level of probability. The result obtained from this study indicated that urea application and spacing affected significantly growth parameters of tomato and yield per land area. It could be concluded that there was a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant and final fruit weight of tomato as a result of urea fertilizer application at the rate of 108.6 kg urea/ha. However, this was not significantly better than plots with urea application at 54.8 kg/ha in both Ejiba and Kabba. Row spacing of 75 × 50 cm showed better performance in number of fruit and fruit yield per plots. Farmers in Ejiba and Kabba should apply urea at the rate of 54.8 kg per hectare and plant the crop at a row spacing of 75 × 50 cm for optimum yield and for a more profitable production of tomato.

Effects of elevated CO_2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is generally expected to enhance photosynthesis and growth of agricultural C3 vegetable crops, and therefore results in an increase in crop yield. However, little is known about the combined effect of elevated CO2 and N species on plant growth and development. Two growth-chamber experiments were conducted to determine the effects of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio and elevated CO2 concentration on the physiological development and water use of tomato seedlings. Tomato was grown for 45 d in containers with nutrient solutions varying in NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios and CO2 concentrations in growth chambers. Results showed that plant height, stem thickness, total dry weight, dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots, G value （total plant dry weight/seedling days）, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf-level and whole plant-level water use efficiency and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings were increased with increasing proportion of NO3- in nutrient solutions in the elevated CO2 treatment. Plant biomass, plant height, stem thickness and photosynthetic rate were 67%, 22%, 24% and 55% higher at elevated CO2 concentration than at ambient CO2 concentration, depending on the values of NH4^＋/NO3^- ratio. These results indicated that elevating CO2 concentration did not mitigate the adverse effects of 100% NH4^＋-N （in nutrient solution） on the tomato seedlings. At both CO2 levels, NH4^＋/NO3^- ratios of nutrient solutions strongly influenced almost every measure of plant performance, and nitrate-fed plants attained a greater biomass production, as compared to ammonium-fed plants. These phenomena seem to be related to the coordinated regulation of photosynthetic rate and cumulative water consumption of tomato seedlings.

Resistance of Different Tomato Varieties against Tomato Powdery Mildew during Different Growth Stages

The pathogen of tomato powdery mildew （Oidium neolycopersici Kiss） was simultaneously inoculated into four varieties during seedling, flowering and fruiting stages under the same environmental conditions by inducing inoculation method, so as to study the resistance during different growth stages. Different varieties of plants and the plants during different growth stages were investigated after inoculation for 12 d, and disease epidemic curves were drawn according to survey data. The results showed that different varieties performed different resistance against powdery mildew and the same variety also showed different resistance during different growth stages. The susceptible extent of Lujia was the heaviest during seedling and flowering sages, while it showed the strongest resistance during fruiting stage; improved 96 -8 showed the highest resistance during seedling stage, but performed the lowest resistance during fruiting stage.

Growth and Physiological Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Genotypes as Affected by NaCl Stress

High level of salinity adversely affects growth, productivity as well as quality of vegetable crops by reducing photosynthetic capacity, enzyme activities, and by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS cause peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to disintegration of cell membrane with the leakage of electrolytes. All these detrimental effects ultimately contribute to the crop with reduced yield and low nutritive value. The present investigation was carried out to test salt tolerance capacity of ten genotypes of tomato on the basis of growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results show that all the ten tested genotypes of tomato responded differently to 200 mM NaCl stress. Regarding growth parameters, BL-1076 gave higher values, while Queen gave the lowest values for most of the parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight). Regarding physiological and biochemical parameters, BL-1076 gave higher values for the activities of carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase, leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase). However, genotype Queen gave the lowest values for these parameters. On contrary, the least membrane damage (TBARS content) was registered in BL-1076, while the highest in Queen. Overall assessment of results leads to the conclusion that the genotype BL-1076 was found salt tolerant while Queen salt sensitive. The ten genotypes may be arranged on the basis of their salt tolerance capacity in decreasing order as: BL-1076 > Trust > Imperial > Tanshet star > PakmoreVF > L 26 > Plitz > Bonus F1 > Grace > Queen.

不同植物生长调节剂对浙南番茄穴盘育苗的影响

为筛选出适宜浙南地区番茄壮苗培育的植物生长调节剂,以不同浓度的YELVSU P2-37、多效唑、矮壮素、壮苗1号处理番茄砧木品种浙砧7号和接穗品种红樱1号,研究植物生长调节剂对番茄穴盘育苗的影响。结果表明,不同植物生长调节剂对不同品种番茄的处理效应不同,除对红樱1号茎粗、地下部干重和展叶宽无显著影响外,不同植物生长调节剂对红樱1号和浙砧7号的其他指标都有显著影响。所有生长调节剂对番茄株高都有抑制作用,但对其他指标不同生长调节剂作用不同。对于红樱1号,0.2 g·L^(-1)YELVSU P2-37处理的各生物量指标最高,同时种苗质量也最佳,为该品种壮苗培育的最佳植物生长调节剂;对于浙砧7号,0.13 g·L^(-1)YELVSU P2-37处理植株形态和种苗质量均为最佳,为该品种的推荐植物生长调节剂和适用浓度。

促生菌剂对番茄幼苗生长的影响

为探明不同促生菌对番茄幼苗生长以及品质的影响,选择巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、长枝木霉菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌和加纳木霉菌5种菌剂,以等量清水为对照,对幼苗的发芽、长势和抗逆性相关指标等进行调查测定,并通过隶属函数法进行综合分析。结果表明,在施用巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和加纳木霉菌后,番茄幼苗生长均显著提高,菌剂利于植株干物质积累,与对照相比,干物质积累量增加了22.9%、45.7%和25.7%,根系活力提高89.0%、61.76%和41.3%。同时,施用巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和加纳木霉菌的番茄苗,POD、SOD和CAT等抗氧化物酶活性显著提高,丙二醛含量显著降低,幼苗冬季生产抗寒性显著提高。基于隶属函数法的综合分析表明,巨大芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和加纳木霉菌适宜番茄壮苗培育。

饲粮不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧对肉兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和盲肠微生物结构的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧对肉兔生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和盲肠微生物结构的影响。选取体重相近的140只60日龄肉兔(公母各占1/2),按照平均体重分为4组(每组17或18只公兔,每组35个重复,每个重复1只兔),分别饲喂不同比例番茄秸秆替代花生秧的全价配合饲料,替代比例分别为0(对照组)、5%(TS5组)、10%(TS10组)和20%(TS20组)。预试期3 d,正试期31 d。结果显示:饲粮中添加番茄秸秆对肉兔平均日采食量、脏器指数和盲肠微生物结构均无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮中番茄秸秆的添加降低肉兔死亡率和腹泻率。与对照组相比,TS5组和TS10组肉兔的平均日增重和料重比没有显著改变(P>0.05),但是TS20组平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),TS20组料重比显著升高(P<0.05)。随着番茄秸秆替代比例的增加,背最长肌黄度值呈现先升高后降低的趋势,TS10组黄度值最高。与对照组相比,TS5组和TS10组的小肠长度显著增加(P <0.05),TS20组没有显著变化(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,番茄秸秆的添加显著提高粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和粗灰分表观消化率(P<0.05),TS5组粗蛋白质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加番茄秸秆并未对肉兔盲肠微生物结构产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中用5%~10%的番茄秸秆替代花生秧能够降低肉兔腹泻率和死亡率,调节小肠发育,提高饲粮中部分营养物质的消化率,建议饲粮中番茄秸秆替代比例不超过10%。

小球藻粉对番茄幼苗生长及土壤性质的影响

为研究小球藻粉作为生物肥料的潜能,以番茄品种红粉佳人为材料,设置叶喷和灌根两种施用方式,探究施用不同浓度的小球藻粉对番茄幼苗生长指标及土壤性质的影响。结果表明,与清水对照相比,小球藻粉500倍稀释液对番茄生长效果最佳,叶喷和灌根处理后株高、叶片数、生物量和生长函数显著增加2.90%~47.49%,灌根处理效果整体优于叶喷处理;与生物肥料“益施帮”和复合肥“大量元素水溶肥料”相比,小球藻粉500倍液同样表现出生物量和生长函数的显著增加。在改善土壤性质方面,小球藻粉500倍叶喷和灌根处理后土壤pH分别降低0.06、0.29,电导率显著降低8.31%以上;小球藻粉灌根处理番茄后植株地上、地下部位以及土壤中氮素含量增加;小球藻粉叶喷及灌根处理后土壤中蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶等酶活性显著提高。研究结果证实小球藻粉叶喷及灌根均适用于番茄生长发育及土壤改良,可为小球藻粉及其他生物肥料的开发应用提供试验依据。

不同生育期曝气滴灌对温室番茄生长品质影响

为探究不同生育期循环曝气地下滴灌对温室番茄生长及品质的影响规律,设置不同生育期以及全生育期循环曝气处理,以全生育期不曝气处理作为对照组,研究不同生育期循环曝气处理对温室番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、根系活力及品质的影响.结果表明:开花坐果期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄株高的增长,果实膨大期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄茎粗的增长,多生育期连续循环曝气较单一生育期曝气优势不明显;相较于对照组处理,果实膨大期曝气处理温室番茄果实单果质量提高36.12%,果实横纵径分别提高11.52%,20.24%,可溶性固形物含量提高29.25%,有机酸含量降低20.41%,糖酸比提高47.53%,维生素C含量提高40.58%,可溶性糖含量提高12.65%,可溶性蛋白含量提升38.62%,果实膨大期曝气处理有利于温室番茄单果质量的增加和品质的优化.因此,综合果实品质和作物生长各指标,开花坐果期循环曝气处理更有利于温室番茄株高的生长,果实膨大期曝气处理更有利于温室番茄茎粗、单果质量及果实品质的提升.

盐胁迫下复合微生物肥料对西红柿的促生作用

文章旨在研究在盐胁迫条件下,复合微生物肥料对西红柿生长的影响。通过测定西红柿茎长、根长、地上部以及地下部干重等植物生长指标,分析该微生物菌肥对于植物的促生效果。结果表明,F5使株高提高了100.7%、速效磷提高了101.4%;M3使植株根的鲜重增加了126.7%,速效磷提高了126.1%。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,复合微生物肥料能够对西红柿起到很好的促生作用,为盐碱地的开发利用提供了借鉴的依据。

三株无量山森林土壤芽孢杆菌鉴定及其生物活性挖掘

【目的】挖掘无量山国家自然保护区潜在的高活性微生物菌株,旨在为农业绿色投入品研发提供高效的菌种资源。【方法】以番茄枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为靶标筛选高拮抗活性菌株,观察对菌丝生长的影响,测定对孢子萌发的抑制作用;检测脂肽类化合物合成基因以及菌株体外产酶、解磷、解钾、固氮及产铁载体能力;结合形态学、生理生化特征和16S rRNA、gyrA、rpoB基因进行菌株鉴定,室内盆栽试验验证防病和促生效果。【结果】分离筛选获得153株可培养细菌,其中,菌株SH-53、N4471和N9456抑菌效果分别为92.35%、87.29%和88.47%,能抑制病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,且对多种病原菌表现出良好拮抗活性。3株功能菌均具有溶锌、产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的能力,菌株SH-53和N4471还具有解磷、固氮、分泌纤维素酶以及产铁载体能力。3个功能菌基因组中均含有srfA、fenA、ituA、ituC、ituD、bymC等脂肽类化合物合成基因。经鉴定菌株SH-53为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),N4471为卡式芽孢杆菌(B.cabrialesii),N9456为暹罗芽孢杆菌(B.siamensis)。盆栽试验结果表明,3株功能菌防效分别为84.66%、54.96%和59.74%,对番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长等农艺性状均具有较好促进作用。【结论】3个菌株具有高效、广谱的抑菌活性,具有多样化的生物活性,作为高效的微生物资源具有广阔的应用前景。

番茄苗期根际加温对其生长及水分吸收的影响

[目的]本文旨在明确适宜的番茄根际加温温度,为北方早春玻璃温室中番茄苗期根际温度调控提供理论和方法依据,缓解低温环境对番茄生长的危害。[方法]在玻璃温室高架岩棉栽培条件下,采用控温加热带对番茄根际进行加温,并设置3个处理即根际不加温(CK)、根际加温至20℃(T20)、根际加温至25℃(T25),研究不同根际加温条件对早春苗期番茄生长、光合、干物质积累和水分吸收等的影响。[结果]根际加温可显著促进番茄株高、茎粗、叶片数的增加,不同时期处理T20比CK株高提高13.6%~17.0%,茎粗提高10.3%~14.3%,叶片数增加3.4%~12.5%;处理T25比CK株高提高7.2%~9.7%,茎粗提高7.7%~15.6%,叶片数增加0%~15.6%;定植后10 d,番茄净光合速率随根际温度呈先升高后降低的趋势,定植后20 d和定植后30 d,番茄净光合速率随根际温度升高而升高;根际加温促进了番茄对水分的吸收,促进了番茄茎、叶干物质积累,提早开花时间,其中处理T20比CK地上部总干重增加79.3%~85.4%,开花提早5 d,处理T25比CK地上部总干重增加29.2%~72.4%,提早开花时间3 d。[结论]T20处理番茄株高和茎粗最大、积累干物质总量最多、开花时间最早,即20℃是早春苗期番茄较为适宜的根际加温温度。

铵硝配比对樱桃番茄生长发育、产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响

为探明铵硝配比对樱桃番茄生长发育、产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响,促进樱桃番茄果实品质提升,采用温室大棚育苗移栽的种植方式,分别设置NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N配比为100∶0(CK)、75∶25(T1)、50∶50(T2)、25∶75(T3)、0∶100(T4)处理,测定樱桃番茄不同生育期株高、茎粗、叶面积、SPAD值、植株生物量和果实含氮量、产量及果实品质,计算氮肥累积利用率等。结果表明,果实纵径、果形指数、单果质量和果实硬度均随NO_(3)^(-)-N比例的增加表现为先增加后降低趋势。在果实风味品质方面,T3处理有利于提高果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸含量和糖酸比,分别较全铵处理增加20.75%、33.10%、34.29%和28.88%。樱桃番茄的株高、叶面积和SPAD值均随NO_(3)^(-)-N比例的增加表现出先升高后降低趋势,除坐果期T3处理略低于T2处理外,其余在T3处理达到峰值。植株累积吸氮量随NO_(3)^(-)-N比例的增加表现出先升高后降低趋势,在T3处理达到最大,为113.33 kg·hm^(-2)。随NO_(3)^(-)-N比例增加樱桃番茄产量表现出先升高后降低趋势,T3处理较CK处理增产17.90%,氮肥累积利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别为226.66%和126.66 kg·kg^(-1)。综合各项指标来看,当NH_(4)^(+)-N与NO_(3)^(-)-N配比为25∶75时,与CK相比可显著促进樱桃番茄生长发育,提高果实产量,改善果实品质。

不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤微生物群落结构特征

为构建番茄生态优质高产栽培技术体系及挖掘有益的微生物资源,比较了不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤肥力以及微生物群落结构与功能特征。基于传统与现代高通量测序技术分析番茄幼苗期、花芽分化期、结果期根际土壤肥力与微生物(细菌、真菌)群落结构与功能特征。结果显示,番茄结果期根际土壤中具有更为丰富的碳、氮、磷源;另一方面,不同生育期番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能发生显著变化。其中,norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96,norank_f_A4b和Bryobacter属细菌是幼苗期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;TM7a和Saccharomonospora属细菌是花芽分化期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;Gem⁃matimonas属细菌是结果期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;此外,鲍尔壶菌属(Powellomyces)真菌是幼苗期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属;Apiotrichum和unclassified_f_Chytridiaceae真菌是花芽分化期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属;链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌是结果期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属。结果表明:不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤中形成了特异的根际土壤微生物群落,幼苗期根际土壤中主要富集了可以产生生长激素的微生物类群;花芽分化期根际土壤中主要富集了具有抗逆功能的微生物类群;结果期根际土壤中主要富集了具有促进养分循环功能的微生物类群。