Optimization of SDS-PAGE Procedures for Analyzing the Total Protein in Seedling Roots of Lycopersicon esculentum

[Objective] This study aimed to develop an efficient SDS-PAGE method suitable for analyzing the total protein of Solanum lycopersicum seedling roots.[Method] By using the Solanum lycopersicum seedling roots as the experimental material,the protein extraction,sample volume and other factors influencing the final electrophoresis pattern were respectively optimized.[Result] The high-resolution,clear and reproducible SDS-PAGE pattern could be obtained when the protein was extracted with modified TCA-acetone precipitation and the sample volume for electrophoresis was 60 μg.[Conclusion] This optimized method could basically meet the requirements for study the proteome of tomato seedling roots.

RIN enhances plant disease resistance via root exudate-mediated assembly of diseasesuppressive rhizosphere microbiota

The RIPENING-INHIBITOR(RIN)transcriptional factor is a key regulator governing fruit ripening.While RIN also affects other physiological processes,its potential roles in triggering interactions with the rhizosphere microbiome and plant health are unknown.Here we show that RIN affects microbiome-mediated disease resistance via root exudation,leading to recruitment of microbiota that suppress the soil-borne,phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium.Compared with the wild-type(WT)plant,RIN mutants had different root exudate profiles,which were associated with distinct changes in microbiome composition and diversity.Specifically,the relative abundances of antibiosis-associated genes and pathogensuppressing Actinobacteria(Streptomyces)were clearly lower in the rhizosphere of rin mutants.The composition,diversity,and suppressiveness of rin plant microbiomes could be restored by the application of 3-hydroxyflavone and riboflavin,which were exuded in much lower concentrations by the rin mutant.Interestingly,RIN-mediated effects on root exudates,Actinobacteria,and disease suppression were evident from the seedling stage,indicating that RIN plays a dual role in the early assembly of diseasesuppressive microbiota and late fruit development.Collectively,our work suggests that,while plant disease resistance is a complex trait driven by interactions between the plant,rhizosphere microbiome,and the pathogen,it can be indirectly manipulated using"prebiotic"compounds that promote the recruitment of disease-suppressive microbiota.