The Level and Distribution of Chromosomal Aberration of Tomato Seeds at Different Penetration Depths of Carbon Ions

The relationship between the penetration depth and the level and distribution of chromosomal aberration of the root tip cells were investigated by exposure of the superposed tomato seeds to 80 MeV/u carbon ions. The results showed that on the entrance of the beam the chromosomal aberration level was low. Damage such as breaks aud gaps were dominant. At the Bragg peak~ the chromosomal aberration level was high. The yields of dicentrics~ rings and disintegrated small chromosomes increased but the yields of breaks and gaps decreased. These results are consistent with the distribution of tile physical depth dose profile of carbon ions. It is effective to deposit the Bragg peak on the seeds to induce hereditary aberration in the mutation breeding with heavy ions.

Tomato Seed Extract Containing Lycoperoside H Improves Skin Elasticity in Japanese Female Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial

Background and Objective: Tomato seeds are edible seeds unconsciously ingested with the fruit. However, there are few reports regarding the constituents and biological activities of tomato seed extract (TSE). Recently, we found that saponins are major constituents of TSE including lycoperoside H. Previous reports have described that several plant-derived saponins improve skin diseases such as wounds and microangiopathy. Therefore, to discover the effect of TSE on the skin condition, we conducted a clinical trial of TSE (Tomato Seed Extract-P) standardized with lycoperoside H when orally ingested. Methods: The study was performed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. TSE (200 mg daily) containing 1 mg of lycoperoside H was used as the active sample. We enrolled 44 Japanese women who have concerns about facial elasticity and relatively low facial skin elasticity. All subjects were randomly allocated into either the active group (n = 22) or the placebo group (n = 22) using a computerized random-number generator. Capsules containing either the active sample or a placebo were administered for 8 weeks between October 12, 2020, and January 16, 2021. Facial elasticity, specifically the R7 value, was evaluated as the primary outcome. The remaining facial R parameters, upper arm R parameters, and other skin parameters including epidermal moisture, trans epidermal water loss, dermal parameters, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) parameters were measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks of ingestion. Blood, urine, and body parameters were also evaluated for safety. Results: Forty-three subjects completed the trial, and the per protocol set comprised 21 subjects in the TSE group and 22 subjects in the placebo group. After ingesting TSE for 8 weeks, the R7 value was significantly higher in the TSE group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the change in R7 values from the baseline at 4 and 8 weeks were also higher in the TSE group. Among the secondary outcomes, facial elasticity parameters including R2, R5, R1, and R4 at 4 weeks and facial R5, R1, and R4 and upper arm R2 at 8 weeks were higher in the TSE group. In addition, plasma pentosidine significantly decreased in the TSE group after 8 weeks of ingestion. There were no significant differences in moisture, DermaLab® parameters and AGEs parameters except plasma pentosidine. Laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities suggesting adverse effects of TSE. Conclusions: TSE (200 mg/day) standardized with lycoperoside H improved the facial elasticity parameters. Thus, daily ingestion of TSE was suggested to be beneficial for maintaining the facial skin elasticity. However, the relationship between the reduction of pentosidine and skin elasticity by TSE ingestion should be clarified through further studies. Trial Registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000041881. Foundation: Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd.

Introduction of a new atmospheric pressure plasma device and application on tomato seeds

We designed new atmospheric pressure plasma device, to explore appropriate voltage of plasma treatment that promote traits and yield of to-mato, tomato seeds were treated by plasma at 4760 to 6800 V, and traits and yield of tomato were observed. The results showed that the ef-fects of different voltage plasma treatments on seed germination were not the same. The bloom times, the height, the caulis, the extent of the plants and the average weight, length,diameter of each fruit in the seven treatment groups from 4760 to 6800 V were increased distinctly. The tomato yields of seven different plasma voltage treated groups were increased than the un-treated (CK). In most indexes of our tests, ef-fects of (5440 ~ 6120 V) plasma voltage treat-ments were better than of other voltages, the best was 6120 V plasma voltage treatment. So the tomato yield increase and the most the botany properties of the tomato are improved. The discharges were not uniform and the pow-ers were lower in low voltages (4760 ~ 5100V), and the discharge powers were higher in high voltages (6460 ~ 6800V). There was a step un-altered violet blue light from 5440V to 6120V, it was nearly uniform discharges, it maybe due to the energy of the electron and the active air particles in the plasma increasing with atmos-pheric plasma voltage adding, more electric charges are produced per unit time and cannot be neutralized at once, which can strengthen the reaction between the active air particles and seeds. The active air particles and ultraviolet radiation can penetrate into the capsule of the seeds,accelerate to decompose the inner nu-triment of the seeds, reduce relative penetrabil-ity of cell velum, improve the activities of the root of the tomato seedling. Test data of fruit yield of the tomato are consistent with the sta-tistical regressive line.

Assessing Influence of Ozone in Tomato Seed Dormancy Alleviation

The study was made on the role of ozone (O3) gas treatment on seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum cv. PKM1 (tomato) to release dormancy in advance. The experimental conditions followed a complete factorial design with 3 independent factors, i.e. A faster start of germination in T2 treatment (98% - 99%) was observed than in other treatments (T1, T3 and T4) compared to control seeds by measuring seedling growth rate on 5th day after treatment. Never the less a too long and high concentration of O3 treatment seemed to be penalizing on germination rate whereas low O3 concentration (T2) for a moderate time interval (20 min) seemed to be most beneficial. The treated seeds were stored, checked 1, 3, 6 months later and found that, the seeds have retained their accelerated germination efficiency. In particular 1T2 (1 month storage), 3T2 (3 month storage) had maximum germination rate among all the stored treated seeds, but 6T2 (6 month storage) didn’t show sustained germination acceleration efficiency. Therefore it was found that when time prolongs, O3 treatment loss its effect steadily and the germination efficiency of all the treatments are more or less same at six months after treatment. It is hypothesized that the application of O3 acts as an important phenomenon in accelerating seed germination by breaking the dormancy in advance which is associated with reduced level of ABA in O3 treated seeds.

Study on Salinity Tolerance of Tomatoes during Seed Germination under Different Salt Stress Conditions

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for screening and utilizing salt-tolerant tomato varieties as well as for cultivating salt-resistance.[Method] Salinity tolerance of tomato during seed germination under simple salt sodium chloride and double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress were studied by Petri dish culturing.[Result] As the two kinds salt concentration increased,the germination regularity,the germination rate,the germination index and the growing vigor index of tomato seedlings decreased,but the germination losing rate increased.When salt concentration was from 0.2% to 0.4%,there was little difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress.However,when salt concentration was from 0.6% to 1.0%,the difference among all indexes under two kinds of salt stress was significant.[Conclusion] Salinity tolerance of tomato seeds under double salt calcium nitrate or sodium chloride stress was higher than that under simple salt sodium chloride stress.

Impacts of Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 mutations on the hybrid seed quality of tomatoes

Shelf life is an important breeding trait in tomato, especially for the tomato production in subtropical and tropical regions. Previously we have isolated and characterized ethylene receptor mutants, Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 from mutant population based on Micro-Tom cultivar. Sletr1-1 showed insensitivity to ethylene while Sletr1-2 showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene. We also have demonstrated that the traits are useful for extending fruit shelf life of the hybrid tomato cultivars. For commercializing the hybrid cultivars, the seed quality is another important trait. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 mutations on the seed quality characteristics of F_1 hybrid lines generated by crossing Sletr1-1 and Sletr1-2 with three commercial tomato cultivars, Intan, Mutiara and Ratna. Sletr1-1 mutation conferred insensitivity to ethylene in the F_1 hybrid seedlings, resulting in negative effects including reduced germination rate, vigor index and emergence speed index. Interestingly Sletr1-2 mutation had almost no effect on the seed quality characteristics of the F_1 hybrid lines, suggesting that Sletr1-2 was suitable for producing high quality of hybrid seeds.

Seed Germination in Tomato: A Focus on Interaction between Phytochromes and Gibberellins or Abscisic Acid

Separately, it is well-documented that phytochromes (phys), gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) strongly control the seed germination in tomato. However, we hipothesized that phys interact with GA or ABA during this response. Thus, we make an analysis of seed germination of ABA deficient (sit), GA constitutive response (pro), phytochrome deficient (au) mutants as well as, specially, au sit and au pro double mutants of tomato?incubated in the dark or light conditions during 120 h [12 h intervals (i)]. Compared to au, which severely?reduced percentage germination (Gi%) and pro, which did not alter Gi%, au pro showed in the light enhanced Gi% and germination speed index (GSI) besides the reduced average germination time (AGT). Moreover, in the dark, germination of au pro was similar to pro. These results indicate that the mechanisms by which GA modulate germination in tomato are light dependent through the phy signaling, whereas intermediary values of Gi%, GSI and AGT in dark and light of au sit compared to au and sit single mutants indicate an additive effect of the au and sit mutations, suggesting that ABA and phy may act through the parallel signaling pathway.

Effects of Sodium Nitroprussiate on the Metabolites and Key Enzyme Activities of Carbon-nitrogen Metabolism from Seed Germination to Seedling Period of Cherry Tomato

This study was conducted to elucidate the regulating mechanism of sodium nitroprussiate on seed germination and seedling growth of cherry tomato. After the treatment with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside, the effects on the metabolites and key enzyme activities in carbon-nitrogen metabolism of cherry tomato cuhivar Zhuyun as an experimental material were investigated. The results showed that from seed germination to seedling period, the contents of starch and total nitrogen decreased, but the contents of soluble sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose and soluble protein increased firstly and then decreased; and free amino acids content increased gradually. Sodium nitroprusside made the contents of starch, sucrose and free amino acids higher than CK. From seed germination to seedling period in cherry tomato, the activities of amylase, glutamine synthetase （GS） and sucrose phosphate synthase （SPS） decreased; the activities of nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamate synthase （GOGAT） increased at first and decreased then; and the CK and the 0.25 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside treatments exhibited de- creased sucrose synthase （SS） activity, and the trend was increasing at first and decreasing then after the treatment with 0.50 and 1.00 mmol/L sodium nitroprus- side. Sodium nitroprusside treatment improved amylase activity; and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the CK increased at first and decreased then, while the values of other treatments tended to decrease. In addition, sodium nitroprusside did not affect seed germination potential and germination rate, but significantly improved biomass accumulation, root length and height of seedlings. These data suggest that sodium nitroprusside could affect the conversion of starch and sugar accumulation, delay the decomposition of total nitrogen and soluble protein, and achieve the effects of accelerating the accumulation of free amino acids, and promoting seed germination and seedling growth, and 0.50 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside has the best effect.

利用种子红色荧光标记鉴定转基因番茄后代

转基因技术有助于番茄基因功能研究和遗传改良,其中转基因后代的筛选是一个非常重要但工作量大的环节。本研究基于番茄油体蛋白基因家族序列分析和番茄基因表达数据库SGN-TEA搜索结果,克隆了一个种子特异且高水平表达的油体蛋白基因SlOLE1(Solyc06g034040)。利用无缝克隆的方法将红色荧光蛋白基因TagRFP的编码区序列插入到SlOLE1基因的终止密码子前,形成一个嵌合基因SlOLE1-TagRFP。将嵌合基因插入到pBI121双元载体,构建植物表达载体pSlOLE1-TagRFP,利用农杆菌介导法转化番茄品种‘Money Maker’,T_(0)代植株的自交种子在荧光显微镜下呈现出明亮红色荧光或无荧光。PCR分子标记进一步验证发现,红色荧光种子萌发的幼苗均存在TagRFP序列,表明在种子阶段检测红色荧光筛选转基因番茄后代的准确率为100%。由此,本研究建立了一种利用SlOLE1-TagRFP嵌合基因,可以通过种子红色荧光可视化分析,简单快速、低成本地鉴定转基因番茄后代的方法。

外源2,4-表芸苔素内酯对盐胁迫下不同盐敏感型番茄种子萌发的影响

【目的】研究盐胁迫下不同浓度2,4-表芸苔素内酯(2,4-Epibrassinolide,EBR)处理对番茄种子萌发特性和关键酶活性的影响,筛选影响番茄种子萌发及生长发育效果的最佳浓度,为外源EBR的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】以盐敏感型‘M82’和耐盐型‘IL-7-5-5’番茄种子为材料,在50 mmol/L的NaCl处理下,添加0.01、0.1和0.5μmol/L的外源EBR,测定番茄种子在萌发过程中的发芽率、发芽势等形态指标,分析抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量的变化。【结果】外源EBR处理后的‘M82’和‘IL-7-5-5’种子的发芽势较盐胁迫处理均提高了10%~30%以上,种子活力指数均提高了100~200以上,并且随着EBR浓度升高,2个番茄品种的发芽率、发芽势均呈下降的趋势。0.01μmol/L EBR处理的‘M82’种子胚芽长和鲜重较盐胁迫下分别增加了94.26%和135.71%;0.1μmol/L EBR处理的‘IL-7-5-5’胚芽长和鲜重较盐胁迫分别增加了32.48%和14.52%。幼芽体内MDA和SOD、CAT、POD活性显著提升,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖等渗透调节物质含量显著增加,但不同EBR浓度、不同番茄品种之间的生理指标变化存在明显差异。【结论】外源EBR可以增强在盐胁迫条件下番茄种子萌发过程中调节渗透的能力,增强体内抗氧化系统的活性,膜脂过氧化产物的积累减少,促进番茄种子萌发和生长发育,提高番茄种子萌发期的耐盐性。盐胁迫下0.01μmol/L的EBR处理对‘M82’的缓解效果最佳,0.1μmol/L对‘IL-7-5-5’的缓解效果最佳。

不同生物引发条件对番茄冷胁迫下种子活力和幼苗生理特性的影响

【目的】探究不同生物引发条件对番茄冷胁迫下种子活力和幼苗生理特性的影响,为番茄的反季节露天栽培提供可行性方案。【方法】以番茄种子种都红运为试验材料,哈茨木霉和荧光假单胞菌作为引发剂,设5个处理:未引发处理(CK);哈茨木霉和荧光假单胞菌的1×10~7 CFU/m L的孢子液(T1处理)和发酵液(T2处理),1×10~6 CFU/m L的发酵液(T3处理)及无菌过滤液(T4处理)引发,回干后测定种子萌发指数;幼苗设4℃低温处理,以常温(25℃)为对照,分别测量形态指标和生理指标。【结果】4个引发处理不同程度促进了番茄种子萌发及植株生长,效果显著。通过种子萌发指数发现,引发效果T4>T3>T2>T1,就活力指数而言,分别显著提高90.00%、67.70%、51.30%和50.00%。分析60 d的幼苗形态指标发现,T4处理的株高、茎粗和茎鲜重均达最大值,T2处理的根长和茎鲜重达最大值;分析60 d幼苗的生理指标发现,T2处理的过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量最高。光合色素和可溶性糖含量则依次表现为T4>T3>T2>T1,T4处理的可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸(PRO)含量达最大值,分别显著增加71.74%和46.50%,其他处理的增幅略低于T4处理。4个引发处理的相对电导率(REC)在低温胁迫前后的变化相差不大,CK经低温胁迫后急剧升高。MDA含量在低温胁迫后的增量依次表现为T3>T4>T2>T1。相关分析结果表明,株高、茎粗、茎鲜重与植株CAT含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),根鲜重与REC和MDA含量呈极显著负相关,与PRO含量呈极显著正相关。【结论】番茄种子经哈茨木霉和荧光假单胞菌的无菌过滤液等体积混合引发有利于提高种子活力,促进植株生长,增加植株体内的保护酶活性,最终提高番茄植株的低温耐受性。

云南怒江番茄种植新区番茄病毒检测及病毒种传特性

病毒病对番茄生产造成严重危害,近年来在番茄种植新区发生严重,疑似为种子带毒传播。本研究通过对云南省怒江州番茄种植新区的番茄病毒病样品采用RNA-seq高通量测序,RT-PCR验证的方法检测病毒种类;对番茄病果种子进行超薄切片制样透射电子显微镜观察,将病果种子播种后对种苗进行RT-PCR带毒检测。结果表明,RNA-seq高通量测序及RT-PCR检测到的病毒有番茄环纹斑点病毒(tomato zonate spot orthotospovirus, TZSV)、番茄黄斑驳相关病毒(tomato yellow mottle-associated virus, TYMaV)、辣椒脉斑驳病毒(chili veinal mottle virus, ChiVMV)、南方番茄病毒(southern tomato virus, STV)。透射电镜观察到种胚细胞及胚乳细胞中分布典型的正番茄斑萎病毒属Orthotospovirus病毒粒体。病果种子播种28 d后的种苗具有病毒病症状,通过RT-PCR检出TZSV、ChiVMV、STV,检出率分别为60%、100%、80%。上述研究结果为TZSV通过种子传播提供了有利的证据,并为源头防控番茄病毒病提供了依据。

纳米塑料与铜复合对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探究微塑料与重金属对农作物的影响,选取番茄作为受试植物,研究粒径为50 nm的聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(NPs)与Cu^(2+)单独或复合污染对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,NPs单独胁迫对番茄种子的萌发表现为低促中抑高恢复的影响,显著提高番茄幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量(250 mg·L^(-1)处理除外),可溶性糖含量表现为低浓度(ρ,后同)(50 mg·L^(-1))降低、中浓度(100、250 mg·L^(-1))升高、高浓度(500、1000 mg·L^(-1))再降低的变化趋势。Cu^(2+)单独胁迫下,番茄种子的发芽势、活力指数、平均发芽速度均低于对照,发芽指数仅在400 mg·L^(-1)最高浓度组显著降低;Cu^(2+)胁迫显著降低番茄幼苗的芽长、鲜质量、含水量和可溶性糖含量(50 mg·L^(-1)处理除外),显著提高可溶性蛋白含量。NPs与Cu^(2+)复合污染的结果表明,NPs进一步降低Cu^(2+)单一污染下番茄种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和番茄幼苗的根长、鲜质量(Cu 50+NPs 50除外),并加剧Cu^(2+)对可溶性糖的抑制作用以及对可溶性蛋白的促进作用,二者表现为协同效应。综上,NPs加剧Cu^(2+)对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的毒性效应。

冷等离子体处理对番茄种子发芽特性的影响

为探明冷等离子体处理对番茄种子发芽的影响,利用冷等离子体种子处理仪,以空气为真空室环境介质,在真空室绝对压力150 Pa条件下分别以40、50、60、70、80和90 W处理功率对浙砧1号(2018)、浙杂205(2019)、浙粉716(2023)和浙粉202(2019)番茄种子进行冷等离子体处理15 s,放置7 d后进行发芽试验。结果表明,当处理功率≤40 W时,冷等离子体对不同品种番茄种子萌发影响较小;浙砧1号(2018)、浙杂205(2019)、浙粉716(2023)和浙粉202(2019)番茄种子较佳的冷等离子体处理功率50 W,处理后发芽势分别提高4.00%、6.75%、11.25%和5.00%,发芽率分别提高2.50%、3.00%、6.75%和4.75%;随着处理功率的增加,冷等离子体处理对番茄种子萌发的促进作用降低,因此处理功率不宜>80 W。

纳米级Fe_(3)O_(4)分散液浸种对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子萌发及幼苗保护酶系统的影响

为揭示纳米级Fe_(3)O_(4)(Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs)调控作物耐盐的效应和机理,采用共沉淀法成功合成10 nm粒径的Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs,并通过了表征分析和鉴定;进一步研究其0、1、10、50、100、200、300、400 mg·L^(-1)分散液浸种处理对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及其抗氧化的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫下1 mg·L^(-1) Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种明显降低番茄种子发芽、幼苗胚根和下胚轴生长,随着浸种浓度上升,其发芽逐步得到改善;100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,200 mg·L^(-1)Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种的种子发芽势和下胚轴长达到峰值,显著高于仅盐处理的对照。100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl胁迫明显降低番茄种子成苗率、幼苗鲜物质量和含水量,1 mg·L^(-1)Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种,导致其进一步降低,随着Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种浓度上升,其数值逐渐上升,200 mg·L^(-1)Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种的幼苗鲜物质量和含水量达到峰值,显著高于仅盐处理的对照。盐胁迫下,1 mg·L^(-1)Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种的幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著上升,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,随着Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种浓度上升,SOD和POD酶活逐渐下降再逐渐回升,CAT酶活逐渐上升再回落,100~200 mg·L^(-1) Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种的幼苗SOD和POD酶活、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧阴离子自由基(2O×-)和过氧化氢(H2O_(2))含量均最低,而其CAT酶活最高。相关性分析表明,幼苗鲜物质量、成苗率与SOD和POD活性以及MDA和活性氧含量均呈极显著负相关。综上所述,在盐胁迫下Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种处理的番茄种子萌发和成苗依赖于Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs不同浓度的调控特征,即1 mg·L^(-1) Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种处理展示了进一步抑制的典型特征,其氧化胁迫加剧;而200 mg·L^(-1) Fe_(3)O_(4)NPs浸种处理表现为促进萌发、成苗和壮苗的显著作用,与其抗氧化得到明显改善直接相关。

番茄花叶病毒种传机制研究及干热处理效果评价

番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)是世界性分布的病毒,寄主范围广泛,番茄是其主要寄主,严重影响番茄生产。本研究以带毒的番茄种子为材料,通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测病毒在番茄种子内的定位,采用干热方法处理种子后检测番茄种子的萌发率及ToMV的钝化率,旨在筛选出一个既可以有效钝化病毒,又不影响番茄种子萌发的处理条件,从源头上控制该病害的发生和流行。结果发现,ToMV定位于番茄种子的种皮,胚乳及胚中没有检测到该病毒的存在。对番茄种子进行干热处理,与未处理的番茄种子相比,75℃处理48 h和70℃处理96 h均会显著影响番茄种子的萌发,80℃处理24 h和65℃处理120 h对番茄种子的发芽率均没有显著影响。4个温度的恒温处理均可以有效降低种子携带ToMV的数量,但通过荧光定量PCR仍均能检测到ToMV。80℃处理24 h对ToMV的清除效果最好,且不影响番茄种子的发芽率。

Main and Trace Element Contents of Tomatoes Grown in Austria

Tomatoes are one of the most popular and widespread kinds of vegetables on a global scale. Tomatoes of various varieties, sizes and shapes, were grown in 3 different greenhouses in Austria on solid substrates. After freeze drying, they were analyzed for main and trace elements by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and combustion methods （for C, N）. Main inorganic cation was K, whereas contents of hazardous metals （e.g. Cd, Pb）, Rare Earth Elements, Si, and Ti were marginal. Due to high water contents, the contribution to the Recommended Daily Intake of essential elements is largely below 1/5 for 1 kg consumption. In spite of different varieties grown at the 3 sites, trends for concentrations versus fruit size could be noted for K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn and Si. Similarly, fruits with seeds ＋ jelly tended to contain more of almost all elements, but less of Li, Ca, Sr, and Ba, whereas P and B were equally distributed. No significant correlations between the concentrations found in tomato-fruits and the amount of soil mobilizable in 0.16 M acetic acid （exchangeable ＋ acid mobile） were found. A look into already published data from other countries reveals that element concentrations met in tomatoes presumably depend on climatic conditions and suitably adapted varieties than on the growing substrate.

警惕种子传带的南方番茄病毒Southern tomato virus对我国番茄产业的危害

南方番茄病毒Southern tomato virus(STV)是近年来新发现的一种侵染番茄的病毒,通常与多种病毒复合侵染,可能与番茄的褪绿、黄化、衰退、果实变小等症状相关。该病毒最早在1984年发现,并于2005年命名。我国首先于2015年在山东寿光发现。最近,我们在山东和北京市多地的番茄样品中均检测到了该病毒,并通过检测发现国内一些主要品种番茄种子的STV携带率达40%。STV基因组为一条双链RNA,隶属Amalgaviridae科Amalgavirus属,是严格种传病毒,不能通过汁液摩擦接种和嫁接传播。鉴于STV的潜在危害以及与其他病毒高度复合侵染造成的严重损失,本文介绍了STV检测方法,并提出应开展对主栽品种的种子检测和针对性防控。

SlSOM inhibits seed germination by regulating the expression of ABA/GA metabolic genes and SlABI5 in Solanum lycopersicum

SOM encodes a nucleus-localized CCCH-type zinc finger protein and negatively regulates seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have previously demonstrated that ectopic expression of Sl ABI3, an important transcription factor in abscisic acid（ABA） signaling pathway, resulted in alteration of Sl SOM expression patterns in both leaf and seed of tomato. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function of tomato Sl SOM in regarding to seed germination and seedling development. Here, we constructed Sl SOM over-expression vector p BI121-SOM driven by Ca MV 35 S promoter, and the recombinant plasmid was incorporated into wild-type tomato by the method of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The result showed that over-expression of Sl SOM conferred enhanced responses to exogenous ABA application during seed germination and seedling development. In addition, ectopic expression of Sl SOM resulted in the alteration of expression level of ABA/GA（gibberellins） metabolic genes, such as Sl ABA1, Sl CYP707A1, Sl GA3ox2, and Sl GA2ox4, in both leaf and seed. The ABA anabolic gene Sl ABA1 and the GA catabolic gene Sl GA2ox4 were up-regulated while the ABA catabolic gene Sl CYP707A1 and the GA anabolic gene Sl GA3ox2 were down-regulated. Compared to wild type, the expression level of Sl ABI5 was increased by about 40–50% in transgenic seeds while adding exogenous ABA treatment. These results support the notion that Sl SOM inhibits seed germination by regulating ABA/GA metabolic genes and Sl ABI5 expression in Solanum lycopersicum.

5个番茄品系产种量及种子质量比较和相关分析

为探究不同番茄品系间产种量及种子质量的差异,选择‘CHSLTW’‘ZHS’‘ZHSFB’‘DTXZ’‘JSWZ’等5个小果型番茄品系,测定了产种量、单果质量及种子质量,并对单果质量、产种量、种子千粒质量、发芽势和发芽率之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:‘ZHSFB’产种量最高,‘ZHS’‘CHSLTW’和‘JSWZ’等3个番茄品系种子的发芽势和发芽率较高,其中‘ZHS’的单果质量和千粒质量最高。单果质量与千粒质量存在显著正相关;发芽势与产种量为显著负相关;千粒质量与发芽势和发芽率存在显著性正相关。番茄品系间产种量和种子质量存在差异,产种量和种子质量也存在一定的相关性。