Current Research Status of MicroRNAs in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most invasive type of oral malignant tumor, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Its pathogenesis is complex and has a high degree of malignancy. Recurrence and metastasis often lead to poor prognosis. MicroRNAs are a type of single stranded small molecule RNA with only 18 - 25 nucleotides, which can regulate the expression of various genes and participate in the occurrence and development of tumors. Studies have found that microRNA expression profiling can serve as a reliable and stable biological indicator for early diagnosis and prognosis of tumors. This article provides a review of the research status of MicroRNAs in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Molecular signaling in cancer stem cells of tongue squamous cell carcinoma:Therapeutic implications and challenges

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with high mortality rates.Amongst oral cavity cancers,tongue carcinoma is a very common and aggressive oral cavity carcinoma.Despite the implementation of a multimodality treatment regime including surgical intervention,chemo-radiation as well as targeted therapy,tongue carcinoma shows a poor overall 5-year survival pattern,which is attributed to therapy resistance and recurrence of the disease.The presence of a rare population,i.e.,cancer stem cells(CSCs)within the tumor,are involved in therapy resistance,recurrence,and distant metastasis that results in poor survival patterns.Therapeutic agents targeting CSCs have been in clinical trials,although they are unable to reach into therapy stage which is due to their failure in trials.A more detailed understanding of the CSCs is essential for identifying efficient targets.Molecular signaling pathways,which are differentially regulated in the CSCs,are one of the promising targets to manipulate the CSCs that would provide an improved outcome.In this review,we summarize the current understanding of molecular signaling associated with the maintenance and regulation of CSCs in tongue squamous cell carcinoma in order to emphasize the need of the hour to get a deeper understanding to unravel novel targets.

Effects of hsa-circ-0001862 on Phenotype of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

[Objectives]To investigate the molecular mechanism of hsa_circ_0001862 on the proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca-8113 cells.[Methods]hsa_circ_0001862 plasmid was constructed,and the interaction relationship between hsa_circ_0001862 and miR-23a-3p was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene and qRT-PCR.CCK8 assay,colony formation assay,scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation,migration and invasion ability of Tca-8113 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression level of apoptosis-related protein molecules.The effects of hsa_circ_0001862 on the apoptosis of Tca-8113 cells was detected.[Results]hsa_circ_0001862 and miR-23a-3p could interact,and their expression was negatively correlated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.In Tca-8113 cells,hsa_circ_0001862 inhibited cell proliferation,migration,and invasion(P<0.01),and promoted cell apoptosis(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The hsa_circ_0001862 interacts with miR-23a-3p,and hsa_circ_0001862 plays an inhibitory role in the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.The hsa_circ_0001862 may be a new biomarker and target for the treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Sternocleidomastoid flap for reconstruction of tongue small cell carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND The management of tongue carcinoma is excision and radical neck dissection followed with reconstruction.This is a case report of a patient with tongue squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)who underwent the procedure with sternocleidomastoid(SCM)flap reconstruction.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old woman without smoking history complained tongue ulcer since 3 years ago.Based on the histopathological examination,the patient was diagnosed with T2N2M0 right tongue SCC and underwent wide excision of tumor;right mandibular;neck dissection and were reconstructed with SCM flap.CONCLUSION SCC of the tongue requires wide excision and dissection of the neck and mandible if infiltration into the surrounding lymph nodes has been found.The SCM flap reconstruction could be used post-surgery.

In vitro effect of iASPP on cell growth of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53 （ASPP） family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and potential role of iASPP in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma （OTSCC） have not been addressed. In our study, we detected iASPP expression in OTSCC by immunohistochemistry, iASPP expression is up-regulated in OTSCC tissues. Moreover, in clinical pathology specimens, we found that increased iASPP expression correlates with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Using multicellular tumor spheroids （MTS） and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that iASPP down-regulation arrests OTSCC cells at the G0/G1 phase, induces OTSCC cell apoptosis and inhibits OTSCC cell proliferation. These results indicate that iASPP plays a significant role in the progression of OTSCC and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for OTSCC patients.

MiR-25-3p attenuates the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113

Objective:To investigate the effects of miR-25-3p on the occurrence,development and proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.Methods:To establish tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 that stably and highly express miR-25-3p using recombinant reiroviral vector-mediated gene transfer method.The proliferation of transfected Tca8113 was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT)and cell colony formation assays.eyclnD1,p21^(cipt)and p27^(kipt)mRNA expressions in the transfected Tca-8113 were detected by quantitative PCR.cyclinD1,p21^(cipt),p27^(kipt),AKT,p-AKT,FOXOt and p-FOX01 expressions in the transfected Tca8113 were detected by western blot analysis.In addition,miR-25-3p expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line and tissue specimen was also detected by quantitative PCR.Results:Quantitative PCR showed that mitt-25-3p expression in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and tissue specimen was significantly lower than that in the adjacent tissue.MTT and cell colony formation assays showed that after miR-25-3p overexpression,the proliferation of transfected Tca8113 was obviously attenuated.Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR showed that after miR-25-3p overexpression.p21^(cipt)and p27^(kipt)expressions were upregulated,while cyclinD1,AKT,FOXO1 expressions were downregulated,and AKT and FOXO1 phosphorylation was inactivated in the transfected Tca8113 cells.Conclusions:MiR-25-3p inhibited the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and regulated cell cycle-related protein expression,playing an important role in the occurrence and development of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

OCCULT CERVICAL METASTASIS OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF TONGUE AMONG CN0 PATIENTS AND ITS TREATMENT

Objective： To explore the treatment of clinically negative neck （CN0） patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Methods： 165 CN0 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue from 1985 to 2002 were investigated retrospectively. Parts of the patients staged at T1, T2 and T3 underwent resection of primary lesion followed by neck observation, and other patients staged above T2 or at T1 but without follow-up were treated with elective neck dissection （END）. All patients were followed up for more than 3 y or until their death. Results： Lymphatic metastasis was identified histologically after operation in 33 of 120 patients treated with END, and 9 of 45 patients treated with resection of primary lesion alone. The overall rate of occult lymphatic metastasis was 25.45%, which increased with the elevating of clinical T stage. The overall rate of neck uncontrolled death was 20.00% for observation group and 5.00% for END group, and significant difference was found between them （P〈0.05）. For T~ patients in the two groups, the rate of neck uncontrolled death was 7.71% and 4.00% respectively, and no significance was found between them （P〉0.05）. When stage T2 and T3 were considered as middle stage together, significant difference （P〈0.05） could be obtained between observation （70.00%） and END group （0%）. Conclusion： The occult metastasis rate of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue increases with the elevating of clinical stage, and elective neck dissection could be considered for NO patients staged over T2 to improve neck control and survival rate; and regional resection alone of primary lesion could be considered for T1N0 patients to improve quality of life if closely followed up is conducted.

Neoneurogenesis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: A New Mechanism for Its Development

Objectives: To explore the role of the growth of new nerves (neo-neurogenesis) in the tumorogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. Materials and Methods: 10 formalin-fixed specimens were gained from patients diagnosed with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Animal models were made by subcutaneous injection in the dorsal midline with Tca-8113 cell line. Mice were sacrificed 2, 4, 6 weeks after cell injection, and tumor tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned. Detection of neo-neurogenesis was stained by Neurofila-ment-L antibody (NF-L) using immunohistochemistry method (IHC) in biopsy from both human body and animal model. Results: IHC staining of NF-L is positive in all 10 paraffins of tongue squamous cell carcinoma sections which suggest that newly formed nerves are observed in tumor microenvironment. NF-L staining is also positive in the paraffins from animal models indicating that the tongue cancer recruits newly formed nerves in its tumorogenesis. Conclusions: Tumor neo-neurogenesis may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of tongue cancer. From a therapeutic perspective, further studies on the topic may provide new clinical opportunity.

EXPRESSION OF c-erbB-2, p53, p16 IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF ANTERIOR TONGUE IN CHINA POPULATION

Objective: Aberrant expression of c-erbB-2, p53, p16 has been found in oral squamous cell carcinoma. We therefore examined expression of these proteins in squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue and compared their relationship with clinical stages and prognosis. Methods: Seventy-six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue never treated before were obtained from Cancer Hospital, CAMS. Archive tissues of carcinoma and paracarcinoma were examined for c-erbB-2, p53 and p16 expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: The rates of immunopositive staining of c-erbB-2, p53 and p16 were 64.5%, 61.8% and 23.7% respectively; the positive rates in paracarcinoma mucosa were 19.7%, 22.6% and 55.3% respectively. Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was significantly correlated with short overall survival, metastasis and staging. Overexpression of paracarcinoma p53 was significantly correlated with local recurrence. Conclusion. c-erbB-2 may be used as a prognosis marker for the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior tongue and p53 as a recurrence marker.

Expression and Significance of IL-6 and bFGF in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: To detect the expression and pathological significances of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Methods: A tissue array was analyzed immunohistochemically. The expression levels of IL-6 and bFGF in tissues were recorded semi-quantitatively. Results: The positive expression of IL-6 in normal, benign tumor, and carcinoma groups was 12.50% ± 5.575%, 39.00% ± 1.41%, 77.26% ± 17.07% respectively, and the expression among the three groups showed significant differences (P P P Conclusion: It indicates that combining immunohistochemical examination of IL-6 and bFGF has an important reference value on the pathological diagnosis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

KIF18A is a potential prognostic factor and promotes tumor progression in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

The kinesin family member 18A protein was dysregulated in several human cancers and involved in cancer progression.However,the significance in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma(OTSCC)has not been studied.The present study was intended to explore the functions of KIF18A in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma.The immunohistochemistry(IHC)assay was performed to assess the relationships between the KIF18A protein expression level and clinical-pathological features of the patients.The biological functions of KIF18A in OTSCC cells were investigated by the experiments in vitro and in vivo.Based on immunohistochemistry,we found that KIF18A was correlated with the clinical-pathological features of OTSCC patients.High expression of KIF18A was associated with the lymph node metastasis,and clinical stages.In vitro experiments revealed that silencing of KIF18A significantly inhibited the expression of the proliferation and migration related proteins such as Ki67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-9,and thereby inhibiting the proliferation,migration and invasion of tumor cells.In vivo,knocking-down of KIF18A could inhibit the tumor growth in nude mice.In conclusion,we found KIF18A promoted tumor progression in vivo and in vitro and might become an effective target for the treatment of OTSCC.

Development and validation of novel nomograms to predict survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND There is no unified standard to predict postoperative survival in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC),hence the urgency to develop a model to accurately predict the prognosis of these patients.AIM To develop and validate nomograms for predicting overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)of patients with TSCC.METHODS A cohort of 3454 patients with TSCC from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database was used to develop nomograms;another independent cohort of 203 patients with TSCC from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,was used for external validation.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify useful variables for the development of nomograms.The calibration curve,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)analysis,concordance index(C-index),net reclassification index(NRI),and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to assess the calibration,discrimination ability,and clinical utility of the nomograms.RESULTS Eight variables were selected and used to develop nomograms for patients with TSCC.The Cindex(0.741 and 0.757 for OS and CSS in the training cohort and 0.800 and 0.830 in the validation cohort,respectively)and AUC indicated that the discrimination abilities of these nomograms were acceptable.The calibration curves of OS and CSS indicated that the predicted and actual values were consistent in both the training and validation cohorts.The NRI values(training cohort:0.493 and 0.482 for 3-and 5-year OS and 0.424 and 0.402 for 3-and 5-year CSS;validation cohort:0.635 and 0.750 for 3-and 5-year OS and 0.354 and 0.608 for 3-and 5-year CSS,respectively)and DCA results indicated that the nomograms were significantly better than the tumor-node-metastasis staging system in predicting the prognosis of patients with TSCC.CONCLUSION Our nomograms can accurately predict patient prognoses and assist clinicians in improving decision-making concerning patients with TSCC in clinical practice.

miR-23a Promoting Cell Proliferation of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell through Regulating PPP2R5E

[Objectives]To investigate the mechanism of miR-23a in the proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.[Methods]Clinical tissue samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma were collected and Tca8113 and CAL27 were cultured.Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expressions of miR-23a and PPP2R5E in clinical tissue samples of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MTT assay,colony formation assay and growth curve assay were used to detect the effect of miR-23a and PPP2R5E on the proliferation of human tongue squamous carcinoma cell.Luciferase reporter assay verified the regulatory relationship between miR-23a and PPP2R5E.[Results]The expression of miR-23a in tongue squamous cell carcinoma was significantly up-regulated(P<0.01).miR-23a promoted the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.Bioinformatics prediction and luciferin reporting experiments showed that PPP2R5E was a direct target gene of miR-23a.The expression of PPP2R5E was decreased in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.PPP2R5E inhibited the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.Overexpression of PPP2R5E can reverse the proliferation promoting effect of miR-23a on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells.[Conclusions]miR-23a can promote the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through PPP2R5E and miR-23a plays an oncogene role in the occurrence and development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Excision margins in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: A retrospective audit and review of the literature

The incidence of close and involved tongue resection margins for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were reviewed with the aim to identify any possible need for change in the surgical approach to glossectomies. The histopathological reports of 101 partial glossectomies for SCC between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Overall 52 (51.5%) patients had one or more close or involved margin and 9 (8.9%) had both close and involved margins. 42 (41.5%) patients had close margins and 11 (10.9%) had involved margins. The inferior/lateral muscoal margin was most frequently close/involved (32%) followed by deep margin (27%). The anterior margin was least close/involved (5%). The posterior and superior/medical margins were close/involved in 12% and 11% of cases respectively. Conclusions: 52.5% of patients had close or involved margins following surgery, potentially requiring further treatment to avoid an increased risk of tumour recurrence and the associated increase in morbidity and mortality. The inferior/lateral and deep margins were most frequently involved possible due to the anatomical difficulties visualising and dissecting these margins. The potential explanations for these disparities and possible solutions are discussed.

Effects of lentinan and thymopentin combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on immunity, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases and related factors in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:To investigate the effects of lentinan and thymopentin combined with adjuvant chemotherapy on immunity, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases and related factors in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: Retrospective analysis of 78 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma admitted to our hospital from February 2013 to November 2017, according to the postoperative chemotherapy scheme, the patients were divided into control group (n=42) and observation group (n=36). The patients in control group were given PF chemotherapy scheme (cisplatin + compound fluorouracil injection), on this basis, the patients in observation group were given lentinan and thymopentin injection combined treatment. The immune index, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase, cyclin D1 (CyclinD1) and B lymphocyte tumor-2 (BCL-2) were detected and analyzed before and after treatment.Results:After treatment, the immunoglobulin level in the control group was not statistically significant compared with that before treatment (P>0.05);the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05);the level of SOD in control group was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0.05), and the level of MDA was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.05);the observation group was the opposite, and its SOD level was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the MDA level was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05);the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);the levels of CyclinD1 and BCL-2 in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of CyclinD1 and BCL-2 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Lentinan and thymopentin assisted PF chemotherapy regimen can enhance the immune function of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma after radical surgery, improve oxidative stress response, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. It has the significance of clinical popularization.

Regulation of autophagy on epithelial mesenchymal transformation in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of autophagy in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells induced by CQ (chloroquine) and rapamycin (RAPA). Methods: TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) was used to induce EMT in Cal-27 cell line. At the same time, RAPA was used to enhance and CQ was used to inhibit autophagy. The ability of cell migration was detected by scratch distribution test and the ability of cell migration was detected by Transwell chamber test. Western blot was used to detect the changes of ZO-1, vimentin, FN1 and other EMT-related proteins after 3 d induction, and SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: After 3 d of induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β, E-cadherin decreased significantly and Vimentin increased significantly. Compared with the control group, the wound healing rate increased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells increased significantly (P<0.05) after 3 d induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β, and then the cells were co-induced with 100 ng/mL RAPA and 100 ng/mL CQ and 5 ng/mL TGF-β for 3 d. Compared with TGF-β group. The healing rate of the RAPA co-induced with 5 ng/mL TGF-β group decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with TGF-β group. The healing rate of the CQ co-induced with 5 ng/mL TGF-β group increased significantly (P<0.05) and the number of penetrating cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, FN1 and Vimentin expression increased and ZO-1 expression decreased 3 d after induction with 5 ng/mL TGF-β. And then induced Cal-27 cells with 100 ng/mL RAPA and 100 ng/mL CQ and 5 ng/mL TGF-β respectively for 3 d. Compared with TGF-β group, FN1 and Vimentin expression decreased in RAPA co-induction group. Compared with TGF-βgroup, the expression of FN1 and Vimentin increased and the expression of ZO-1 decreased in CQ co-induction group. Conclusion: TGF-β can induce Cal-27 cells to establish EMT model. In EMT model, promoting autophagy can inhibit EMT, inhibiting autophagy can promote EMT.

lncRNA-MALAT1表达与TSCC临床病理特征及预后的关系研究

目的探讨长链非编码核糖核酸-转移相关肺腺癌转录本1(lncRNA-MALAT1)在舌鳞状细胞癌(TSCC)组织中的表达特征,分析其与临床病理参数以及预后的关系。方法将2018年1月至2020年1月该院收治的80例TSCC患者纳入研究,检测癌组织以及癌旁组织中lncRNA-MALAT1的表达情况,收集患者临床和随访资料。分析lncRNA-MALAT1表达情况与TSCC临床病理特征以及预后的关系。结果TSCC组织中的lncRNA-MALAT1表达水平高于癌旁组织(P<0.05)。低中度分化、TNMⅢ期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度≥2/3的TSCC患者癌组织中lncRNA-MALAT1表达水平分别高于高度分化、TNMⅠ~Ⅱ期、无淋巴结转移、浸润深度<2/3的TSCC患者(P<0.05)。随访41(30~54)月,随访期间死亡48例。lncRNA-MALAT1高表达TSCC患者总生存率和无进展生存率均低于lncRNA-MALAT1低表达TSCC患者(P<0.05)。多因素COX风险比例回归结果显示TNMⅢ期、淋巴结转移、lncRNA-MALAT1高表达是TSCC患者死亡的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论TSCC组织lncRNA-MALAT1表达显著上调,且与分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、浸润深度和低生存率有关。

miR-29b upregulates miR-195 by targeting DNMT3B in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

MicroRNAs 玩在各种各样的癌症的发展和前进的重要角色，包括舌头有鳞的房间癌(TSCC ) 。miR-29b 和 miR-195 被报导了是在 TSCC 的肿瘤 suppressors。这里，我们在 TSCC 调查了 miR-29b 和 miR-195 和他们的关系的表示。我们的数据显示出那 miR-29b， miR-195 是显著地，在 TSCC 的 downregulated 与他们在 60 的匹配的 nonmalignant 纸巾相比配对样品。miR-29b 的水平断然在 TSCC 和匹配的 nonmalignant 纸巾与 miR-195 的被相关。而且， miR-29b overexpression 经由指向 DNMT3B 导致了 miR-195 在上游的 CpG 岛的 demethylation，在 TSCC 房间导致 miR-195 的 upregulation 排队。后面的 DNMT3B silencing， miR-195 的表示被增加， miR-195 在上游的 CpG 岛的 methylation 被减少。尽管 miR-29b 的 overexpression 显著地独自增加了 miR-195 表示，有 DNMT3B 的 miR-29b 的 co-transfection 在 miR-195 表示导致了没有变化。一起拿，我们的结果表明了那 miR-29b 能由直接在 TSCC 指向 DNMT3B 的 upregulate miR-195。在 miR-29b 和 miR-195 之间的相互作用可能在开发 TSCC 的新奇治疗学的途径提供新卓见。

miR-532-3p inhibits the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by targeting podoplanin

Background:The association between miR-532-3p and tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)has been examined in the literature to improve the survival rate of patients with this tumor.However,further studies are needed to confirm the regulatory roles of this microRNA(miRNA)in TSCC.The objective of this study was to investigate the roles played by and the underlying mechanism used by the miR-532-3p/podoplanin(PDPN)axis in TSCC development.Methods:Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)were performed to evaluate the PDPN expression level in TSCC tissues and cells.The proliferative,adhesive,and migratory capabilities of TSCC cells(CAL-27 and CTSC-3)were examined using cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),cell adhesion,and wound-healing assays,respectively.The dual-luciferase reporter(DLR)assay was later conducted to confirm the relationship between miR-532-3p and PDPN.Results:The results indicated that PDPN expression was enriched in TSCC tissues and cells,and that the expression of PDPN was associated with some clinicopathological parameters of TSCC,including lymph node metastasis(P=0.001),tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging(P=0.010),and grading(P=0.010).Further analysis also showed that PDPN knockdown inhibited the viability,adhesive ability,and migratory capacity of CAL-27 and CTSC-3 cells,effects that could be reversed by the application of a miR-532-3p inhibitor.Additionally,PDPN was found to be a direct target of miR-532-3p.Conclusions:This research suggested that by targeting PDPN,miR-532-3p could inhibit cell proliferation viability,adhesion,and migration in TSCC.Findings also revealed that the miR-532-3p/PDPN axis might provide more insights into the prognosis and treatment of TSCC.

Flowcytometry Analysis in 67 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue.

Flowcytometry (FCM) was used to measure the DNA content in 67 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (SCCT). The relationship of FCM results were compared with clinical and pathological parameters. The results showed