Explosion resistance performance of reinforced concrete box girder coated with polyurea:Model test and numerical simulation

To study the anti-explosion protection effect of polyurea coating on reinforced concrete box girder,two segmental girder specimens were made at a scale of 1:3,numbered as G(without polyurea coating)and PCG(with polyurea coating).The failure characteristics and dynamic responses of the specimens were compared through conducting explosion tests.The reliability of the numerical simulation using LS-DYNA software was verified by the test results.The effects of different scaled distances,reinforcement ratios,concrete strengths,coating thicknesses and ranges of polyurea were studied.The results show that the polyurea coating can effectively enhance the anti-explosion performance of the girder.The top plate of middle chamber in specimen G forms an elliptical penetrating hole,while that in specimen PCG only shows a very slight local dent.The peak vertical displacement and residual displacement of PCG decrease by 74.8% and 73.7%,respectively,compared with those of specimen G.For the TNT explosion with small equivalent,the polyurea coating has a more significant protective effect on reducing the size of fracture.With the increase of TNT equivalent,the protective effect of polyurea on reducing girder displacement becomes more significant.The optimal reinforcement ratio,concrete strength,thickness and range of polyurea coating were also drawn.

Impact of box ratio and pinwheel pattern on the pallet loading problem

The pinwheel pattern as a suitable and advantageous alternative for the loading implementation of the pallet loading problem （PLP） is identified after a survey on the loading pattern. The definitions, elements, categories, generating algorithms of the pinwheel pattern are discussed and a uniform symmetric pinwheel notation is proposed. Based on the forming geometry of a pinwheel, the pinwheel structure is analyzed in terms of the innate box ratio, the box/block orientation and the box number by combinatorial and geometrical methods. A revised data set for the PLP with an area ratio range from 1 to 76 and a box ratio range from 1 to 10 is proposed. All pinwheel instances with this data set are calculated, and box ratio range is obtained for each possible pinwheel pattern, which can be found for all non-prime numbers of boxes. And a high box ratio makes an optimal pinwheel pattern more likely appear. Results identify the impact of the above pinwheel pattern and the box ratio on the pallet loading problem.

SIMPLIFIED ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ULTIMATE LOAD CAPACITY OF WEB PLATES OF BOX GIRDERS

The prosperous post buckling load capacity of web plates of box girders can be used.In this article,the post buckling behaviour of web plates of box girders under different loading conditions is theoretically analyzed and on the basis of domestic and overseas design codes of steel structures,the corresponding simplified analysis methods are put forward for the engineering design or code revision.It is proved that the simplified methods are safe,efficient and practicable through the comparison between several results.

Analysis and Research on the Load of the Box Girder Locomotive Turntable

The locomotive turntable is an essential device for the steering operation of the railway locomotive. This paper has introduced the structural composition and characteristics of the box girder locomotive turntable, has ana- lyzed its vertical load, horizontal load and torsional load, and has established a mechanical model for the symmet- rical structure of the box girder locomotive turntable under the action of positive and negative symmetric vertical loads. Furthermore, it has also demonstrated the safe and reliable structural performance of this type of locomotive turntable on the basis of the practical example of a 35 m box girder locomotive turntable.

THE APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE BUCKLING LOADS OF A THIN-WALLED BOX COLUMN WITH VARIABLE CROSS-SECTION

For a thin-walled box column with variable cross-section, the three governing equations for torsional-flexural buckling are ordinary differential equations of the second or fourth order with variable coefficients, so it is very difficult to solve them by means of an analytic method. In this paper, polynomials are used to approximate the geometric properties of cross-section and certain coefficients of the differential equations. Based on the energy principle and the Galerkin's method, the approximate formulas for calculating the flexural and torsional buckling loads of this kind of columns are developed respectively, and numerical examples are used to verify the correctness of the solutions obtained. The results calculated in this paper provide the basis for demonstrating the stability of thin-walled box columns with variable cross-section. This paper is of practical value.

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

冲击下箱型梁弯曲失效临界载荷的评估方法研究

箱型梁作为工程应用最广泛结构之一,其结构安全裕度需得到清晰表达。箱型梁通常具有纵横加筋结构,冲击载荷下容易发生局部结构屈曲,但是箱型梁后屈曲失稳路径相对稳定,难以采用现有方法确定其失效对应的临界载荷。以简支钢质箱型梁为研究对象,首先研究了非线性有限元建模方法因素的影响,分析不同冲击载荷下箱型梁动态响应的变化规律;其次,根据不同冲击载荷工况计算结果,绘制冲击载荷与箱型梁位移曲线,提出了振幅极值准则和曲率极值准则两种新准则用于箱型梁动态失效临界载荷下限值与上限值的评估;最后,将该准则推广应用于三角形、矩形冲击载荷与落锤冲击作用下箱型梁弯曲失效的临界载荷评估,以及不同梁截面、边界条件和载荷工况下箱型梁弯曲失效临界载荷的评估。该研究结论可为冲击载荷下箱型梁结构安全评估提供基础支撑。

薄壁型钢UHPC组合箱梁受弯性能试验研究

提出一种新型薄壁型钢UHPC组合箱梁,开展了6根薄壁型钢UHPC组合箱梁与1根薄壁型钢箱梁对比梁的四点弯曲静载试验,利用三维数字图像相关测量技术对箱梁的应力-应变与变形及裂缝性能进行测试分析。研究结果表明:外包UHPC能使薄壁型钢箱梁的破坏形态由局部压屈破坏转变为底部薄壁型钢下翼缘及纵筋先后达到屈服后顶部UHPC压碎的正截面受弯破坏;外包50 mm厚UHPC的未配纵筋与箍筋的组合箱梁试件XL2的正截面受弯承载力比薄壁型钢箱梁试件XL1的对应值提升77.5%;薄壁型钢表面焊接了纵筋与箍筋的组合箱梁试件XL3~XL7的整体协同工作性能得到了大幅度提升,其中,XL4试件的正截面受弯承载力比未配纵筋与箍筋的XL2试件的对应值提升了178.8%;增大薄壁型钢壁厚与外包UHPC层厚度也能在一定程度上提高薄壁型钢UHPC组合箱梁的正截面受弯承载力与抗裂能力。

基于多能流耦合规律的综合能源系统潮流及流分析

从能量流和流两个角度分析综合能源系统的多能流耦合规律,建立系统能流稳态潮流模型和流模型,根据模型特点研究系统潮流和流分布计算方法,以算例验证计算方法的可行性并分析计算数据,验证流机理模型相比于黑箱模型在局部分析方面的优越性。以算例数据为例,分析其潮流及流分布特点,结果表明:算例系统中能源转换环节的地方损最大,为系统薄弱环节,值得着重改进;同时电、热网络也有部分管段损较大,优化局部网络时也应纳入考虑。

窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁负弯矩下抗弯性能试验研究

为改善钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩下的受力性能,提出一种新型窄幅钢箱-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合梁。通过6根试验梁的反向静力加载试验,得到试验梁受力全过程跨中荷载-挠度、荷载-应变、荷载-最大裂缝宽度关系曲线、裂缝发生发展及破坏形态等,基于简化塑性理论推导出了组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁在负弯矩下具有良好的受力性能;提高配筋率、钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚都可在一定程度上改善组合梁延性,提高其极限抗弯承载力;翼板配筋率对承载力影响较大,配筋率由1%增加至2%时,其极限抗弯承载力提高了15%;钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚对初始开裂荷载影响较大,钢纤维掺量从1%增加到2%时,初始开裂荷载提高32%,UHPC相对板厚由0增加到0.5时,初始开裂荷载提高56%;增加钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚可有效控制裂缝宽度,减少结构主裂缝数量,改善组合梁耐久性;组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式计算值与试验值吻合较好,表明塑性理论适用于窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的承载力计算。

某单箱三室连续梁桥静载试验研究

为测试某单箱三室连续梁桥整体受力特点,检验桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形是否满足在正常使用状态下的设计要求,通过Midas/Civil对该桥进行有限元分析,并进行了静载试验研究,测试在静载试验下,各控制截面的应变状态和整体挠度,试验结果表明,各控制截面应变与挠度值实测结果与理论结果基本一致,且与之对应的校验系数在规定范围内,该桥强度和刚度均满足设计要求,桥跨结构的承载能力、结构变形在正常使用状态下均符合设计要求;在加载试验前后,对测试截面附近进行了裂缝观测,没有发现新增裂缝,试验桥跨结构承载力满足设计荷载标准要求。

Finite element failure analysis of continuous prestressed concrete box girders

In order to analyze the load carrying capacity of prestressed concrete box girders, failure behaviors of in-situ deteriorated continuous prestressed concrete box girders under loading are experimentally observed and a finite failure analysis method for predicting behaviors of box girders is developed. A degenerated solid shell element is used to simulate box girders and material nonlinearity is considered. Since pre-stressed concrete box girders usually have a large number of curve prestressed tendons, a type of combined element is presented to simulate the prestressed tendons of box girders, and then the number of elements can be significantly reduced. The analytical results are compared with full-scale failure test results. The comparison shows that the presented method can be effectively applied to the failure analysis of in-situ continuous prestressed concrete box girders, and it also shows that the studied old bridge still has enough load carrying capacity.

考虑轨道不平顺激励的轴箱轴承振动特性分析

轴箱轴承在运行工况下的振动特性对于保障行车安全具有重要意义。首先,基于Ansys与Simpack联合仿真平台,分别建立了轨道-车辆系统动力学模型和考虑外圈局部故障的轴承座-轴承有限元模型;其次,对动力学模型施加轨道不平顺激励,输出轴箱径向载荷作为有限元模型的外载荷;然后,将仿真值与理论值进行对比,证明了所建立的轴箱轴承联合仿真模型的有效性;最后,基于此模型分析了轨道不平顺激励时不同宽度故障以及不同故障边缘对轴承振动特性的影响。结果表明:随着故障宽度的增加,轴箱轴承整体振动加速度RMS逐渐变大,故障冲击的幅值以及包络谱的特征能量值先增大后减小;随着故障边缘平缓程度的增加,轴箱轴承整体振动加速度RMS值、故障冲击的幅值以及包络谱的特征能量值逐渐降低;轨道不平顺激励增加了轴承的振动。

钢桁腹-混凝土组合箱梁局部外接节点静载试验及极限承载力计算研究

为了解钢桁腹-混凝土组合箱梁(顶、底板为混凝土结构,腹杆为钢结构)外接节点在水平荷载作用下的受力性能,以某钢桁腹-混凝土组合箱梁桥方案为背景,选取钢腹杆轴力最大节点设计、制作缩尺比为1∶3的钢桁腹-混凝土组合箱梁局部外接节点试件(由混凝土弦杆、方形钢腹杆、节点板组成,原混凝土板简化为混凝土弦杆)并开展静载试验,分析外接节点试件静载试验现象及破坏模式、荷载~位移曲线,以及混凝土弦杆、节点板和钢腹杆的应力分布规律,并基于有效宽度法及撕裂面法与最大强度准则提出外接节点极限承载力计算方法。结果表明:外接节点试件的破坏模式为节点板拉剪断裂失效,极限承载力为设计荷载的5.71倍,承载能力满足要求;混凝土弦杆压应力沿加载方向逐渐减小,沿竖直方向从上往下逐渐增大;节点板应力沿加载方向总体上先增后减,外露节点板是节点受力的关键构件;外接节点极限承载力由节点板和钢腹杆中较弱者控制,采用所提出的计算方法得到的外接节点极限承载力计算值与试验结果相差小于6%。

预应力混凝土箱梁爆炸荷载模型试验及有限元分析

目前针对箱梁爆炸荷载以及冲击波传播规律的研究较少,以目前混凝土桥中应用较为广泛的预应力混凝土箱梁桥为依托工程,以1∶5缩尺比例设计箱梁爆炸荷载试验。试验表明,箱梁顶板超压沿箱梁纵向呈非线性下降梯度分布特点,超压沿箱梁横向近似于梯形荷载分布,随着比例距离的减小,结构超压增大。其次,基于箱梁爆炸荷载试验,建立箱梁三维爆炸数值分析模型,通过将数值分析结果和试验数据进行对比,验证数值模拟的准确性。基于数值分析,揭示爆炸冲击波与箱梁的相互作用机理,明确箱梁冲击波的传播规律。对不同爆炸工况箱梁各部位超压分布规律研究显示:当爆心位于箱梁顶板上方时,顶板迎爆面超压较大;当爆心位于翼缘板下方时,在翼缘和腹板处产生较大超压,其余部位超压较小。而当爆心位于箱梁底板下方时,翼缘、腹板和底板均受到较大的冲击波超压,结构全截面受爆炸影响较大。最后,基于试验和数值分析结果,对不同工况下箱梁顶板、腹板和底板的超压峰值进行方程拟合,建立不同爆炸工况下箱梁关键部位荷载模型。

某上承式箱形拱桥荷载试验研究

为探究某评定标度为4类桥的上承式箱形拱桥的实际承载力,确定该桥的实际受力状况,为后期的加固研究和监控提供科学依据。本文采用现场荷载试验结合有限元分析的方法获取实测值和理论值,静动载试验分别测量挠度、应变和自振特性、冲击系数等参数,再引入静力荷载试验效率和校验系数等参数判定结构特性是否仍满足荷载为公路Ⅰ级的要求。结果表明:部分工况挠度校验系数和应变校验系数不满足规范中0.50<η≤1.00和0.50<η<0.90,但都满足不大于1的要求,表明结构刚度尚有富余;且相对残余挠度和相对残余应变都在20.0%以内,表明结构尚处于弹性范围工作;脉动、跑车和跳车试验结果显示结构的整体刚度优于理论,动力性能良好,且行车平顺。

大跨度悬挂式单轨钢箱组合梁总体设计及关键技术研究

悬挂式单轨是一种轻型、中速、低成本的新型轨道交通方式,结构轻盈、美观,但是当跨越河流、沟壑等障碍时,存在明显短板。从结构受力、运行安全角度出发,提出一种在斜拉桥的主梁上架设轨道墩柱和轨道梁的新型组合梁结构方案,突破常规悬挂式单轨跨越能力受限的壁垒。为研究斜拉桥主梁与轨道梁墩柱结合部位复杂的受力情况和传力路径,采用ANSYS软件分别建立钢箱梁区段和混凝土箱梁区段有限元模型。结果表明:钢箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的横隔板以及中腹板,其中,横隔板受力比较均匀,中腹板受力主要集中在以墩柱为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,基本可以传递至钢梁底板。墩柱轴力的58%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,58.8%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,53.4%的剪力传递给中腹板;混凝土箱梁区段,墩柱荷载主要传递给与之直接相连的混凝土腹板、横隔板。混凝土受力主要集中在以结合面为中心,半径约2 m的范围内,墩柱荷载在结合面以下约0.5 m的范围内基本完成传递,墩柱轴力的68.8%传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱横桥向弯矩的传递过程中,86.4%的剪力传递给与之直接相连的横隔板;墩柱顺桥向弯矩的传递过程中,44.6%的剪力传递给中腹板。

某钢箱梁人行天桥承载能力与舒适度评估

为了研究钢箱梁人行天桥的承载能力、动力特性及振动舒适度情况,评定桥梁的性能状态和使用功能,为桥梁竣工验收提供技术依据,同时为桥梁科学管理和提高养护水平积累技术资料,建立和健全完备的桥梁技术档案。采用现场加载试验和人行激励试验的方法及有限元数值模拟,基于静载试验测试桥梁的应力和挠度,结合动载试验,通过对桥梁进行模态分析,得到桥梁自振频率、阻尼比等参数测定桥梁的自振特性,并且进行现场人行激励试验,分别采用规避敏感频率法和限制动力响应值法,评价结构舒适度。将现场试验实测值与有限元计算理论值对比得出结论,荷载试验测试数据表明,结构承载能力和整体刚度均满足设计和使用要求,可以按照设计人群荷载正常使用。天桥上部结构竖向基频及竖向加速度峰值满足相关规范对结构舒适度的要求。

某钢筋混凝土弯箱梁桥承载力评估

为了研究连续箱梁桥承载力及裂缝开展情况,评定桥梁的各项指标,为桥梁的运营养护提供可靠资料,采用现场加载试验及有限元数值模拟分析相结合的方法,基于静载试验测定各工况下桥梁应力和变形,利用动载试验测定桥梁自振特性及车辆对桥梁的冲击系数。对比实测值与有限元计算结果得出结论,该桥梁卸载后的残余位移和应变满足相关规范要求,结构动刚度能满足正常使用要求,桥梁正常使用条件下的车辆冲击效应满足设计要求。裂缝开展方面满足相关规范最大裂度的限值要求,该桥梁承载力不满足设计要求。建议对该桥梁上部结构进行加固补强,以满足正常运营条件。