Numerical Prediction of Vortex-Induced Vibrations on Top Tensioned Riser in Consideration of Internal Flow

In consideration of the effect of the internal flowing fluid and the external marine environmental condition on the vortex-induced vibration （VIV） of top tensioned riser （Till）, the differential equation is derived based on work-energy principles and the riser near wake dynamics is modeled by Facchinetti＇ s wake oscillator model. Then Galerkin＇ s finite element approximation is implemented to derive the nonlinear matrix equation of the coupled equations and file corresponding numerical programs are compiled which solve the coupled equations directly in the time domain. The comparison of the predicted results with the recent experimental results and the prediction of SHEAR7 is performed. The results show the validity of the proposed method on the prediction of VIV of deep water risers. The effect of internal flow on the dynamic characteristics and dynmnic response of the riser is analyzed and several valuable conelusions are drawn.

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.

Nonlinear Coupled in-Line and Cross-Flow Vortex-Induced Vibration Analysis of Top Tensioned Riser

The fluctuating furces of the fluid exerted on the top terrsioned riser （＇FIR） in the in-line and cross-flow directions are both modeled by van del Pol wake oscillator model and the nonlinear coupled dynamics of the in-line and cross-flow vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） of the riser are analyzed in time domain in this papar. The numencal shnulation results of the riser＇s in-line and cross-flow displacements and curvatures are compared with experimental measurements and the comparison shows the validity of this method in modeling some main features of the riser＇s VIV. Finally, the effects of the riser＇s top tensions and internal flow velocities on the coupled vibrations of the riser are investigated.

Design and Analysis of Tapered Stress Joint for Top Tensioned Riser System

Stress Joint （SJ） plays a key role in the Top Tensioned Riser （TTR） system for deep water engineering. A preliminary design method of tapered SJ is proposed in the paper, which could help designers obtain accurate design data. After a further sensitive analysis is carried out, the related parameters choice and control methods are recommended in the engineering practice. By taking the extreme environment conditions into consideration, the effects of bending stress reduction and curve control are analyzed, and the 3-D FE models are established by ABQOUS for numerical evaluation to verify the correctness of design results. At last, dynamic analysis and fatigue analysis, based on actual project, are carried out with designed stress joint. The analysis results prove the feasibility and guidance of this method in the practical engineering applications.

Critical Top Tension for Static Equilibrium Configuration of A Steel Catenary Riser

This paper aims to present the critical top tension for static equilibrium configurations of a steel catenary riser（SCR） by using the finite element method. The critical top tension is the minimum top tension that can maintain the equilibrium of the SCR. If the top tension is smaller than the critical value, the equilibrium of the SCR does not exist. If the top tension is larger than the critical value, there are two possible equilibrium configurations. These two configurations exhibit the nonlinear large displacement. The configuration with the smaller displacement is stable, while the one with larger displacement is unstable. The numerical results show that the increases in the riser＇s vertical distances, horizontal offsets, riser＇s weights, internal flow velocities, and current velocities increase the critical top tensions of the SCR. In addition, the parametric studies are also performed in order to investigate the limit states for the analysis and design of the SCR.

Hydrodynamic Response of A Fully Coupled TLP Hull-TTR System with Detailed Modeling of A Hydraulic Pneumatic Tensioner and Riser Joints

Tension Leg Platform(TLP)in deepwater oil and gas field development usually consists of a hull,tendons,and top tension risers(TTRs).To maintain its top tension,each TTR is connected with a tensioner system to the hull.Owing to the complicated configuration of the tensioners,the hull and TTRs form a strong coupled system.Traditionally,some simplified tensioner models are applied to analyze the TLP structures.There is a large discrepancy between their analysis results and the actual mechanism behaviors of a tensioner.It is very necessary to develop a more detailed tensioner model to consider the coupling effects between TLP and TTRs.In the present study,a fully coupled TLP hull-TTR system for hydrodynamic numerical simulation is established.A specific hydraulic pneumatic tensioner is modeled by considering 4 cylinders.The production TTR model is stacked up by specific riser joints.The simulation is also extended to analyze an array of TTRs.Different regular and irregular waves are considered.The behaviors of different cylinders are presented.The results show that it is important to consider the specific configurations of the tensioner and TTRs,which may lead to obviously different response behaviors,compared with those from a simplified model.

基于小波变换的顶张力立管涡激振动规律实验研究

为研究顶张力立管在海流作用下的涡激振动规律,在大型波浪流水槽中进行涡激振动模型实验。实验中立管竖直固定于实验支架上,外部承受不同速度的流体作用,上端施加变化的顶张力。立管模型上均匀布置六个测点,根据每个测点布置的两个应变计,分别测得来流向和横向两个方向振动响应。通过小波变换方法对实验数据进行时间频域分析,得到立管涡激振动频率和振动幅值以及来流向与横向的耦合振动规律,考察顶张力变化对立管自振频率以及涡激振动的影响。

海洋立管涡激振动模型的实验验证

考虑内流作用利用功能原理建立顶张力立管涡激振动响应数值模型,采用尾流振子模型模拟涡激振动升力,利用Hermit插值函数将其离散得到立管振动响应的矩阵方程形式,运用Newmark-β法在时域内迭代求解其动力响应。在山东省海洋工程重点实验室进行了阶段流作用下的大长细比海洋立管涡激振动试验,对比数值模拟和试验结果表明该模型对于考虑内流作用的大长细比海洋立管涡激振动响应预报是有效的,为深水立管涡激振动研究提供一定的借鉴。

不同频率比时立管两向涡激振动及疲劳分析

考虑四种不同频率比(流向荷载频率/横向荷载频率)情况下,立管两向涡激振动的幅值和疲劳的变化。结果表明:较低频率比且低约化速度条件下,流向自由度对横向振动具有一定的抑制作用;当6.3<约化速度<8.0时,考虑顺流向振动时横向振动幅值明显增加。随着频率比的增加,顺流向振动对横向振动的影响逐渐减弱。横向振动对顺流向振动的影响在四种情况下均较为显著,考虑横向振动时顺流向振动幅值急剧增大。两向自由度涡激振动的疲劳在低频率比时明显高于单自由度时的疲劳;顺流向振动疲劳随着频率比的增大受横向振动的影响越来越明显。

考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动深海立管固有振动特性研究

研究深海顶张力立管(TTR)的固有振动特性。通过考虑两种不同的分析模型,研究沿水深变化的轴力以及张紧环运动对于立管固有振动频率和振型的影响。考虑立管顶端动边界条件及立管轴力随水深变化,提出了计算深水顶张力立管固有振动频率的方法,给出考虑浮体升沉及张紧环运动时顶张力立管的固有振动特性。结果表明,考虑变轴力和张紧环的影响是计算立管固有频率需要考虑的;立管浮体的运动,导致立管频率显著变化,从而改变立管的共振特性。

深水钻井隔水管顶张力计算方法

通过隔水管受力分析,提出了既能保证隔水管稳定性又能满足底部过提力要求的深水钻井隔水管顶张力计算方法,以南中国海某超深水井为例对其进行验证,并与两种常用计算方法进行了对比。基于管柱力学原理,分析了真实轴向力与有效轴向力对隔水管力学行为的影响,结果表明:真实轴向力决定隔水管底部对隔水管总成的拉力,有效轴向力决定隔水管稳定性。通过隔水管在内、外压作用下的受力分析,建立相应的力学模型,推导出新的顶张力计算方法,弥补了美国石油协会(API)算法和法国石油学院算法的不足。现场应用实例分析结果表明:采用该方法计算的顶张力设置值与现场实际作业时顶张力值基本一致,且计算结果优于API算法及法国石油学院算法的计算结果,可以用于指导隔水管设计及施工。

基于向量式有限元的深水顶张力立管动力响应分析

向量式有限元法亦称有限质点法是以向量式力学与数值计算为基础的一种结构行为分析的创新性方法。该方法将结构离散为一系列质点的集合,质点间采用单元连接,单元没有质量,只承受内力,质点的运动则直接采用牛顿第二定律来表达,采用中央差分的显式积分法求解质点群各时刻运动方程。首次将该方法应用于顶张力立管的动力行为分析中,采用平面弯曲杆件元模拟质点间的相互作用力,推导了立管质点运动公式,编制相应Matlab求解程序,计算了立管在海流、波浪作用下的动力响应特性并与基于传统有限元法的结果进行了对比分析,表明该方法在立管行为分析中的正确和有效性,并指出了该方法在处理其它立管形式行为分析中的优势。

深海立管涡激共振疲劳寿命简化计算方法

针对深海顶端张紧式立管固有的特点,采用解析与经验公式相结合的方法建立了海洋立管涡激振动下疲劳寿命的简化预报模型,该模型能充分计及轴向张力对振型的变化以及对疲劳寿命的影响,通过实例计算指出了深海立管涡激振动诱发疲劳破坏的危险区域,并讨论了流速对疲劳寿命的影响。该模型形式简洁、计算量少,适合对深海立管等细长挠性受拉构件的疲劳寿命进行初步校核计算。

深海顶张力立管涡激振动响应及参数影响

综合考虑立管顺流向及横流向的耦合运动,基于van der Pol理论建立深海顶张力立管涡激振动分析模型,采用有限单元法及Newmark-β法编程求解。利用所建模型对深海实尺寸顶张力钻井立管非锁频工况下的涡激振动响应及参数影响进行分析,结果表明:立管两向均表现为高阶、多模态振动形式,顺流向振动最大峰值频率约为横流向的2倍;相比均匀流,剪切流下立管振动位移及参与振动模态数均增加,立管振动主控模态发生变化;海流流速及顶张力的变化改变了立管振动位移、参与振动模态数及主控模态;随着立管外径增加,立管振动最大峰值频率及参与振动模态数均不断减小,立管振动位移变化较小。

深水TTR立管管中管结构非线性时域分析

在借鉴国外工程实践经验的基础上,采用多层管模型来模拟管中管结构,进行了顶张紧式立管管中管结构的非线性时域分析。多层管模型与传统的等效组合模型相比,其主要的优点在于:它可以模拟内外管之间的相互作用,而且可以通过改变扶正器的相关参数,对扶正器的大小和位置进行优化设计,以此保证内外管之间不会发生碰撞和摩擦;此外,文章还对张紧力在内外管之间的分配进行了研究,采用的管中管结构模拟技术对TTR立管在位强度分析技术的发展具有一定的指导意义。

顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器的数学模型

以顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器为研究对象,考虑张紧器中的摩擦、活塞和活塞杆的质量以及油管内的压力损失等因素,建立较为完善的张紧器张力的数学模型。通过静力和动力两种加载方式,将论文建立的模型与工程中常用的简化模型作对比研究,对张紧器的影响因素和张力特性进行分析。研究表明,简化模型计算得到的张力较实际张紧器的张力偏大。低压氮气的压力、活塞和活塞杆的重力和惯性力、摩擦力以及油管内的压力损失对张紧器的张力具有重要影响,在张力计算时应恰当地予以考虑。

顶张式立管液压气动式张紧器的数值模拟

综合考虑液压气柱的张力-冲程非线性关系以及平台-张紧器-立管之间的运动耦合关系,建立带液压气动式张紧器的顶张式立管有限元分析模型。为了更加符合工程实际,该模型中考虑了立管的真实截面布置以及采油树的作用。对4种张紧器模型,即恒定集中力模型、传统的简化模型、线性弹簧-阻尼模型以及非线性弹簧-阻尼模型进行对比分析。结果表明:恒定集中力模型不能反映立管张力的变化规律,而且立管响应也存在较大差别,故不宜采用;传统的简化模型过高评估了张紧器的张力水平,有可能导致不准确的立管响应评估结果;线性弹簧-阻尼模型可用于环境条件较温和的情况;该研究建立的非线性弹簧-阻尼模型最能反映张紧器的刚度特性,且在极端载荷环境下尤为适用。

内流对顶张力立管动力响应影响分析(英文)

文章分析了内流对顶张力立管在波浪和海流激励下的动力响应的影响。考虑内部流动流体的动能采用功能原理建立了立管的运动控制方程。然后采用伽辽金有限元法得到了非线性矩阵方程,并在时域内编制了相应的求解程序。最后对立管的动力特性和动力响应进行了详细分析,主要分析了内流等对其的影响。结果发现内流对动力响应有重大影响,其影响在分析中不可忽略。

超深水钻井作业隔水管顶张力确定方法

对于深水和超深水钻井作业,确定钻井隔水管系统顶张力是钻前设计非常重要的工作。研究三种隔水管系统顶张力确定方法,分别是理论方法、基于隔水管系统底部残余张力方法和基于下放隔水管系统的最大钩载方法。算例计算与超深水钻井实践对比表明,在相同的隔水管系统配置下,三种方法计算结果都接近于实际钻井作业时的顶张力设定值。但研究认为,基于下放最大钩载的顶张力计算方法简单实用,推荐作为优选方法。

API X65钢深水顶端张紧立管动力响应数值仿真研究

顶端张紧立管广泛用于深水海洋平台之中,所处海洋环境非常复杂而容易产生疲劳损伤,因此动力响应研究非常重要。在ABAQUS中建立了张力腿平台顶端张紧立管模型,水深设为1 500m、海域为南中国海。采用海洋工程模块AQUA进行了波浪和海流加载,获得了沿立管轴向的不同位置节点的应力时间曲线。数值计算表明,由于海平面附近的立管受到波浪和海流的作用,最大应力出现在海平面下4m处,该位置为最危险点。