Investigation on the roles of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbations

The effects of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode(ELM)mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)are studied with the experimental equilibria of the EAST tokamak based on the four-field model in the BOUT++code.As the two main parameters to determine the toroidal rotation profiles,the rotation shear and magnitudes were separately scanned to investigate their roles in the impact of RMPs on peeling-ballooning(P-B)modes.On one hand,the results show that strong toroidal rotation shear is favorable for the enhancement of the self-generated E×B shearing rate<ω_(E×B)>with RMPs,leading to significant ELM mitigation with RMP in the stronger toroidal rotation shear region.On the other hand,toroidal rotation magnitudes may affect ELM mitigation by changing the penetration of the RMPs,more precisely the resonant components.RMPs can lead to a reduction in the pedestal energy loss by enhancing the multimode coupling in the turbulence transport phase.The shielding effects on RMPs increase with the toroidal rotation magnitude,leading to the enhancement of the multimode coupling with RMPs to be significantly weakened.Hence,the reduction in pedestal energy loss by RMPs decreased with the rotation magnitude.In brief,the results show that toroidal rotation plays a dual role in ELM mitigation with RMP by changing the shielding effects of plasma by rotation magnitude and affecting<ω_(E×B)>by rotation shear.In the high toroidal rotation region,toroidal rotation shear is usually strong and hence plays a dominant role in the influence of RMP on P-B modes,whereas in the low rotation region,toroidal rotation shear is weak and has negligible impact on P-B modes,and the rotation magnitude plays a dominant role in the influence of RMPs on the P-B modes by changing the field penetration.Therefore,the dual role of toroidal rotation leads to stronger ELM mitigation with RMP,which may be achieved both in the low toroidal rotation region and the relatively high rotation region that has strong rotational shear.

Unusual magnetic relaxation in a single-molecule magnet with toroidal magnetic moments

We report the synthesis and characterization of a single-molecule magnet composed of triangular clusters of dysprosium ions.The structural study shows that the symmetry changes from one polar point group(mm2)at room temperature to another polar point group(m)at low temperature.Magnetic studies and theory calculations illustrate that the vortex distribution of magnetic dipoles in the triangular dysprosium clusters forms a toroidal magnetic moment.Interestingly,the analysis of AC magnetic susceptibility reveals the coexistence of three distinct magnetic relaxation processes,corresponding to the Raman,Orbach,and QTM relaxation pathways,respectively.The sum of three modified Debye functions is successfully used to describe the multiple relaxation behavior.

Numerical study of fast ion behavior in the presence of magnetic islands and toroidal field ripple in the EAST tokamak

A peculiar first orbit loss type was found apart from the normal ones when we use ORBIT code to simulate fast ion orbits in the EAST tokamak. Fast ion orbits were studied in the presence of toroidal field （TF） ripple and magnetohydro- dynamic （MHD） perturbations. We analyzed the properties of the drifted orbits in detail and compared their differences, finding that the combined effects of ripple and magnetic islands are much greater than the effects of either one of them alone. Then we investigated the orbitdeviations as a function of pitch angle in different radial positions. The modeling results demonstrate that the loss of trapped particles is mainly caused by the ripple, while MHD＇perturbation mainly plays an important role in the passing particles. Furthermore we modeled the loss rate using different equilibriums. Results prove that a higher beta can indeed improve the confinement of fast ions, while a little change in the q profile can make the topologies of magnetic islands become quite different and results in quite different total particle losses.

The Analysis and Calculation for the Toroidal Magnetic Field of HT-7U

The HT-7U super-conducting tokamak is a full super-conducting magnetically confined fusion device, It mainly consists of super-conducting toroidal field (TF) coils and super conducting poloidal field (PF) coils. This paper describes the distribution of magnetic field, ripple and electromagnetic loads of TF system, some results are necessary to analyze and calculate the stresses and deformation on TF system by a finite element method. Meanwhile, in this paper, the main scope of the calculation is carried out for the case of constant magnetic field on conductor of the TF coil winding in order to provide electromagnet parameters for the quench analysis of Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) of TF system in HT-7U.

The effect of toroidal field on the rotating magnetic field current drive in rotamak plasmas

A rotamak is one kind of compact spherically shaped magnetic-confinement device. In a rotamak the plasma current is driven by means of rotating magnetic field （RMF）. The driven current can reverse the original equilibrium field and generate a field-reversed-configuration. In a conventional rotamak, a toroidal field （TF） is not necessary for the RMF to drive plasma current, but it was found that the present of an additional TF can influence the RMF current drive. In this paper the effect of TF on the RMF current drive in a rotamak are investigated in some detail. The experimental results show that addition of TF increases the RMF driven current greatly and enhances the RMF penetration dramatically. Without TF, the RMF can only penetrate into plasma in the edge region. When a TF is added, the RMF can reach almost the whole plasma region. This is an optimal strength of toroidal magnetic field for getting maximum plasma current when Bv and radio frequency generator power are fixed. Besides driving current, the RMF generates high harmonic fields in rotamak plasma. The effect of TF on the harmonic field spectra are also reported.

Gate-controlled magnetic transitions in Fe_(3)GeTe_(2)with lithium ion conducting glass substrate

Since the discovery of magnetism in two dimensions,effective manipulation of magnetism in van der Waals magnets has always been a crucial goal.Ionic gating is a promising method for such manipulation,yet devices gated with conventional ionic liquid may have some restrictions in applications due to the liquid nature of the gate dielectric.Lithium-ion conducting glass-ceramics(LICGC),a solid Li^(+)electrolyte,could be used as a substrate while simultaneously acts as a promising substitute for ionic liquid.Here we demonstrate that the ferromagnetism of Fe_(3)GeTe_(2)2(FGT)could be modulated via LICGC.By applying a voltage between FGT and the back side of LICGC substrate,Li^(+)doping occurs and causes the decrease of the coercive field(Hc)and ferromagnetic transition temperature(Tc)in FGT nanoflakes.A modulation efficiency for H_(c)of up to~24.6%under V_(g)=3.5 V at T=100 K is achieved.Our results provide another method to construct electrically-controlled magnetoelectronics,with potential applications in future information technology.

The Implementation of Magnetic Islands in Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code

The implementation of magnetic islands in gyrokinetic simulation has been verified in the gyrokinetic toroidal code（GTC）.The ion and electron density profiles become partially flattened inside the islands.The density profile at the low field side is less flattened than that at the high field side due to toroidally trapped particles in the low field side,which do not move along the perturbed magnetic field lines.When the fraction of trapped particles decreases,the density profile at the low field becomes more flattened.

基于环形均匀磁场的磨粒传感器设计

针对传统的电感式磨粒传感器流量较小、监测区域磁感应强度较低、梯度较大的问题,设计了一种基于环形均匀磁场的磨粒传感器。通过设计环形流道,实现在监测区域内产生均匀径向磁场。同时分析了磁路截面面积与传感器磁感应强度的关系,并比较不同磁极截面形状对磁感应强度的影响,完成了对传感器的结构优化,得出采用楔形磁极可有效提高磁场利用率。利用Ansys软件建立传感器的三维有限元模型,揭示了传感器的静磁场和瞬态特性。利用单磨粒无油液实验,对比分析实验结果与仿真结构的输出特性,验证了传感器的有效性。实验结果表明,传感器在采用低倍率放大器的情况下,可检测出0.28 mm的铁磁性磨粒,与现有的传感器相比具有较高的灵敏度。

光电调控的磁性WSe_(2)超晶格中的自旋和谷极化输运

基于磁性WSe_(2)超晶格系统,探讨了非共振圆偏振光与栅极电压及其对隧穿、谷极化及自旋极化的影响;发现了单层WSe_(2)的弹道输运操纵,以及基于磁性WSe_(2)的NM-FM-NM结的周期性阵列量子输运的调控.结果表明:通过增加势垒的数量,圆偏振光临界值可消除透射能隙;圆偏振光和栅极电压可视为一个透射阀,也可用于控制自旋和谷极化的敏感旋钮.发现了在WSe_(2)超晶格中的克莱因隧穿是自旋-谷相关的;自旋-谷极化可以利用栅极电压和圆偏振光来调整和转换.

强磁场托卡马克环向场线圈应力缓解研究

针对强磁场托卡马克环向场(TF)线圈应力过大、结构材料难以承受的问题,根据静水应力原理分析了通过外部承压结构来降低TF线圈内腿应力的有效性。采用COMSOL有限元软件开展模拟,研究了液氮冷却强磁场铜导体托卡马克外部承压结构在不同厚度下TF线圈磁体应力的降低程度;对比了铍铜合金和无氧铜作为导体材料所需要的外部承压结构的厚度和体积。

高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机设计与优化

传统无轴承电机在高速和高功率密度之间难以取得平衡,为此围绕高速高功率密度无轴承永磁薄片电机,对其拓扑结构、绕组形式、主要尺寸等方面进行优化设计,在保证转速和功率密度的基础上有效地提升悬浮性能。通过对运行工况的分析,得出电机拓扑结构需具备的基本特点,提出一种采用环形集成绕组的表贴式无轴承永磁薄片电机。在兼顾转矩和悬浮力输出性能、机械防护可靠性的基础上,对电机的电磁气隙长度和永磁体参数等主要尺寸进行优化设计。针对电机饱和、绕组端部伸出等不利因素,分别采取了超前角弱磁、定子略长的性能提升策略,有效地避免了悬浮力的大幅度跌落。搭建20 000 r/min的无轴承永磁薄片电机有限元仿真模型并制造实物样机。通过对电磁转矩和主、被动悬浮力的分析,证明了本文设计的无轴承永磁薄片电机兼具良好的转矩与悬浮力输出性能,单位幅值电流产生的电磁转矩、主动悬浮力分别为0.166 N·m、4.4 N,电机输出功率10 kW、功率密度5.2 kW/kg。

CrCl_(3)隧穿磁阻的界面效应与多场效应调控

磁隧道结是研究磁性材料自旋结构、输运特性、磁相变和磁各向异性的重要实验平台.本研究基于干法转移技术制备了以机械剥离的少层范德瓦耳斯反铁磁绝缘体三氯化铬(CrCl_(3))为势垒层、少层石墨烯为电极的磁隧道结原型器件结构,并进行了低温电磁输运测量,除观测到自旋过滤效应引起的隧穿磁阻外,还发现多种由非传统效应引起的磁阻变化.基于对隧道结自旋结构和能带结构的分析,本文将之归因于由磁近邻效应引起的隧穿机制改变,以及石墨烯电极态密度在高磁场下出现的量子振荡行为.本文报道了在二维磁隧道结中与隧穿磁阻相关且此前未被广泛关注的物理现象,加深了对此类二维异质结构中载流子输运特性的理解,为二维磁性材料的物理性质研究及其自旋电子学应用拓展了新的途径.

基于改进的Swin Transformer的输油管道微小缺陷检测模型

针对磁漏微小缺陷检测困难、检测数据不足、检测精度低等问题,提出了去噪扩散概率模型(DDPM)-门控并行膨胀卷积的移位窗口变换器(DGPST)。文中引入了DDPM作为数据生成模型,获得高质量的数据样本。门控并行膨胀卷积的移位窗口变换器(GPST)是在移位窗口变换器(Swin-Transformer)的基础上进行改进的。在GPST的主干网络中引入了门控并行膨胀卷积层,门控单元可以减少不必要的计算量,卷积提高了网络提取全局上下文信息的能力,有利于提高模型检测精度。实验结果表明:当IOU=0.5时,该算法的精确度为95.6%,推理时间(Latency)为8.2 ms。

基于FPGA的永磁同步电机速度控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)速度控制器中采用传统PI控制存在响应速度慢、超调量大以及容易出现积分饱和等问题,设计了采取Anti-Windup策略的速度控制器,并在现场可编辑逻辑门阵列(FPGA)中实现对PMSM的控制。首先采用高层次综合技术(HLS)对PMSM伺服控制关键模块完成建模,其次封装成IP核导入到工程中,最后下载到FPGA芯片上完成对PMSM的控制。经过与传统PI控制器实验比较,使用该速度控制方法超调量减小到4.3%,在负载处转速下降了14r/min,调节时间为0.01s,具有良好的动态性能和抗干扰性能,满足永磁同步电机伺服控制系统的应用需求。

无源多动子永磁同步直线电机定位方法研究

为实现永磁同步直线电机系统中对多个无源动子的绝对定位,设计了基于双磁道的短磁栅、长传感器定位方案。双磁道包括增量式磁道和绝对式磁道,每个磁道中的短磁栅为永磁体阵列,长传感器内霍尔阵列由线性霍尔芯片组成,且长传感器包含多个线性霍尔阵列。其中,增量式磁道采用区间查表方式计算位移增量,绝对式磁道采用连续位移编码方式识别绝对偏移量。定子传感器数字信号输出的霍尔芯片阵列与主控MCU之间通过总线方式连接,且信号处理和传输均在MCU中进行,简化了硬件电路。结果表明,无源多动子绝对位置传感器具有不同应用场景便于移植的特点,使无源动子的定位更灵活。

基于超级电容器的核聚变磁体电源系统环形场线圈电源设计

[目的]研究旨在为核聚变磁体电源系统中的环形场线圈开发一种高效可靠的脉冲电源系统。针对核聚变装置在高功率需求下的挑战,提出了一种基于超级电容器的电源解决方案,旨在增强能量存储的效率和系统的稳定性。[方法]通过采用模块化多级转换器技术,开发了一种新型的脉冲电源结构。利用超级电容器的高功率密度和快速充放电能力,作为主要的能量存储单元,以满足环形场线圈的高频脉冲运行需求。此外,探讨了超级电容器与模块化多级转换器技术结合的优势,如系统的灵活性和可扩展性。[结果]研究结果显示,所开发的电源系统能够有效支持核聚变反应堆的脉冲操作需求,确保了能量的高效输送和转换。[结论]基于超级电容器的脉冲电源系统为核聚变装置提供了一种有效的能量解决方案。该系统不仅提高了能量转换的效率,也增强了整个设备的运行稳定性和可靠性。未来的研究将进一步优化电源结构和性能,以适应更广泛的应用场景。

基于FPGA的永磁同步电机三相电流同步采样方案

在永磁牵引控制平台中,为了实现永磁同步电机控制更优,需根据控制周期对电机的三相电流进行同步采样;同时,为了满足过流故障的实时保护,需要对电流以较小的时间间隔进行持续采样。为此,文章基于FPGA设计了一种利用一套ADC芯片同时满足永磁同步电机控制所需电流同步采样和过流实时保护需求的快速定时采样方案。该方案通过实时获取用户配置的同步采样周期,并结合定时采样周期,智能地生成ADC转换启动信号的方式,从而实现对永磁同步电机电流的同步采样和定时采样控制。最后,基于实际永磁牵引控制平台进行实验,结果验证了所提方案的可行性和有效性。

Preliminary Engineering Design of Toroidal Field Magnet System for Superconducting Tokamak HT-7U

HT7U is a large fusion experimental device. It will be built in the Institute of Plasma Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The mission of HT-7U is to develop the scientific basis for a continuously operating tokama-k fusion reactor. This paper describes only a toroidal field (TF) superconducting magnet system of HT7U. In this paper, design criteria of conductor and stability analysis, coil winding and support structure design of magnet system, mechanical calculation and stress analysis, heat load evaluation are given.

Ensembling Neural Networks for User’s Indoor Localization Using Magnetic Field Data from Smartphones

Predominantly the localization accuracy of the magnetic field-based localization approaches is severed by two limiting factors:Smartphone heterogeneity and smaller data lengths.The use of multifarioussmartphones cripples the performance of such approaches owing to the variability of the magnetic field data.In the same vein,smaller lengths of magnetic field data decrease the localization accuracy substantially.The current study proposes the use of multiple neural networks like deep neural network(DNN),long short term memory network(LSTM),and gated recurrent unit network(GRN)to perform indoor localization based on the embedded magnetic sensor of the smartphone.A voting scheme is introduced that takes predictions from neural networks into consideration to estimate the current location of the user.Contrary to conventional magnetic field-based localization approaches that rely on the magnetic field data intensity,this study utilizes the normalized magnetic field data for this purpose.Training of neural networks is carried out using Galaxy S8 data while the testing is performed with three devices,i.e.,LG G7,Galaxy S8,and LG Q6.Experiments are performed during different times of the day to analyze the impact of time variability.Results indicate that the proposed approach minimizes the impact of smartphone variability and elevates the localization accuracy.Performance comparison with three approaches reveals that the proposed approach outperforms them in mean,50%,and 75%error even using a lesser amount of magnetic field data than those of other approaches.

Electronic Properties of Nanopore Edges of Ferromagnetic Graphene Nanomeshes at High Carrier Densities under Ionic-Liquid Gating

Graphene edges with a zigzag-type atomic structure can theoretically produce spontaneous spin polarization despite being a critical-metal-free material. We have demonstrated this in graphene nanomeshes (GNMs) with honeycomb-like arrays of low-defect hexagonal nanopores by observing room-temperature ferromagnetism and spin-based phenomena arising from the zigzag-pore edges. Here, we apply extremely high electric fields to the ferromagnetic (FM) GNMs using an ionic-liquid gate. A large on/off-ratio for hole current is observed for even small applied ionic-liquid gate voltages (Vig). Observations of the magnetoresistance behavior reveal high carrier densities of ~1013 cm-2 at large Vig values. We find a maximum conductance peak in the high -Vig region and its separation into two peaks upon applying a side-gate (in-plane external) voltage (Vex). It is discussed that localized edge-π band with excess-density electrons induced by Vig and its spin splitting for majority and minority of spins by Vex (half-metallicity model) lead to these phenomena. The results must realize critical-element-free novel spintronic devices.