Relatively Injective Modules with Respect to Torsion Theory

For a hereditary torsion theory τ, this paper mainly discuss properties of A-τ-injective modules, where A is a fixed left R-module. It is proved that if M is an A-τ-injective, B is a submodule of A, then 1） M is A/B-τ-injective; 2） M is B-τ-injective when B is τ-dense in A. Furthermore, we show that if A1,A2,... An, are relatively injective modules, then A1 A2 ... An is self-τ-injective if and only if A1 is self-τ-injective for each i.

（Inco） Projective Modules of Relatively Hereditary Torsion Theroy

In the paper, we define（inco） project modules of relatively hereditary torsion theory τ by intersection complement of module and study their properties; secondly, we define the（inco） τ-semisimple ring by（inco） τ-projective module and study their properties. When r is a trivial torsion theory on R-rood, we prove that R is a semisimple ring if and only if R is a（inco） semisimple ring and satisfies（inco） condition.

Transverse relaxation determination based on light polarization modulation for spin-exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometer

A transverse relaxation determination of spin-exchange relaxation free （SERF） magnetometer based on polarization modulation technique is proposed. Compared with the radio-frequency （RF） excitation and light intensity excitation meth- ods used in SERF magnetometer, the light polarization modulation method has a high stability in low-frequency range, which indicates a more accurate transverse relaxation measurement.

The Cotorsionfree Radical of Relatively Torsion Theory

Let τ be a torsion theory on R-rood and M be a left R-mod. In this paper the τ-cotorsionfree radical Cτ（M） of M is studied. When τ is stable, the construction and the supplementing radical of Cτ （M） are obtained.

n-tilting Torsion Classes and n-cotilting Torsion-free Classes

In this paper,we consider some generalizations of tilting torsion classes and cotilting torsion-free classes,give the definition and characterizations of n-tilting torsion classes and n-cotilting torsion-free classes,and study n-tilting preenvelopes and n-cotilting precovers.

Finitely Generated Torsion-free Nilpotent Groups Admitting an Automorphism of Prime Order

Let G be a finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent group and a an automorphism of prime order p of G. If the map ψ ： G → G defined by g^φ = [g, α] is surjective, then the nilpotent class of G is at most h（p）, where h（p） is a function depending only on p. In particular, if α^3 = 1, then the nilpotent class of G is at most 2.

Volumetric modulation arc radiotherapy with flattening filter-free beams compared with conventional beams for nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a feasibility study

There is increasing interest in the clinical use of flattening filter-free(FFF) beams.In this study,we aimed to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy(VMAT) with FFF beams for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Ten NPC patients were randomly selected to undergo a RapidArc plan with either FFF beams(RA-FFF) or conventional beams(RA-C).The doses to the planning target volumes(PTVs),organs at risk(OARs),and normal tissues were compared.The technical delivery parameters for RapidArc plans were also assessed to compare the characteristics of FFF and conventional beams.Both techniques delivered adequate doses to PTVs.For PTVs,RA-C delivered lower maximum and mean doses and improved conformity and homogeneity compared with RA-FFF.Both techniques provided similar maximum doses to the optic nerves and lenses.For the brain stem,spinal cord,larynx,parotid glands,oral cavity,and skin,RA-FFF showed significant dose increases compared to RA-C.The dose to normal tissue was lower in RA-FFF.The monitor units(MUs) were(536 ± 46) MU for RA-FFF and(501± 25) MU for RA-C.The treatment duration did not significantly differbetween plans.Although both treatment plans could meet clinical needs,RA-C is dosimetrically superior to RA-FFF for NPC radiotherapy.

The Primary Radical of a Submodule

In this paper we introduced a definition for the primary radical of a submodule with some of its basic properties. We also define the P-radical submodule and review some results about it. We find a method to characterize the primary radical of a finitely generated submodule of a free module.

Measurement of remanent magnetic moment using a torsion pendulum with single frequency modulation method

In Tian Qin spaceborne gravitational-wave detectors, the stringent requirements on the magnetic cleanliness of the test masses demand the high resolution ground-based characterization measurement of their magnetic properties. Here we present a single frequency modulation method based on a torsion pendulum to measure the remanent magnetic moment mr of 1.1 kg dummy copper test mass, and the measurement result is(6.45 ± 0.04(stat) ± 0.07(syst)) × 10^(-8)A · m^(2). The measurement precision of the mr is about 0.9 n A · m^(2), well below the present measurement requirement of Tian Qin. The method is particularly useful for measuring extremely low magnetic properties of the materials for use in the construction of space-borne gravitational wave detection and other precision scientific apparatus.

Study on Free-Standing Riser Under Different Working Conditions Based on 3D Co-Rotational Beam Element

When the free standing riser(FSR)is in service in the ocean,its mechanical properties are affected by various factors,including complex ocean current forces,buoyancy of the buoyancy can,and torque caused by the deflection of the upper floating body.These loads have a great influence on the deformation and internal force of the FSR.The static performance of FSR is investigated in this research under various working conditions.The finite element model of FSR is established based on the co-rotational method.The arc length approach is used to solve the model.The load is exerted in increments.The current load on the riser changes with the configuration of the riser.The accuracy of the numerical method is verified by Abaqus software.The calculation time is also compared.Then,the effects of uniform current,actual current and floating body yaw motion on FSR are studied by parameter analysis.Additionally,the influence of the FSR on the ocean current after the failure of part of the buoyancy can chamber is analyzed.The results show that the numerical model based on the co-rotational method can effectively simulate the large rotation and torsion behavior of FSR.This method has high computational efficiency and precision,and this method can quickly improve the efficiency of numerical calculation of static analysis of deep-water riser.The proposed technology may serve as an alternative to the existing proprietary commercial software,which uses a complex graphical user interface.

p-torsion模的性质

给出了p-torsion模的定义,并利用同调的方法讨论了p-torsion模的性质,目的是找到p-torsion模构成torsion类的条件以及构造p-torsionfree类,并最终找到了一个p-torsionfree类与投射维类的关系。

基于Flatten-Filter Free模式治疗原发性肝癌的剂量学研究

目的:比较原发性肝癌的Flatten-Filter Free(FFF)模式和Flatten Filter(FF)模式的单弧、双弧以及七野固定野治疗的剂量学差异。方法:选取13例原发性肝癌患者,在增强CT图像上勾画靶区及危及器官和正常组织,并在同一套CT图片上设计单个全弧、双全弧和七野固定野的FFF模式和FF模式的调强计划,病人总的治疗剂量200 c Gy×30次。通过剂量体积直方图统计PTV相关的剂量学参数、适形度指数(CI)、均匀性指数(HI),肝脏的剂量体积学参数、机器跳数、治疗时间和计划时间等利用SPSS20.0进行配对非参数Wilcoxson符号秩检验的统计学处理。结果:3种放疗计划FF和FFF模式靶区的HI和CI均没有统计学差异(P>0.05),靶区的V95%、最大剂量、最小剂量和平均剂量有统计学差异(P<0.05),在单弧、双弧和七野固定野调强计划的FF和FFF模式中,靶区的V95%FFF比FF分别低34.3%、13%、1.2%,靶区最大剂量FFF模式比FF分别低1.54%、1.39%、2.2%,靶区的最小剂量分别降低17.9%、6.6%、9.23%,平均剂量分别降低9.23%、2.0%、2.3%。结论:FFF模式可以有效降低正常肝脏组织受量,减少病人治疗时间,可以在图像引导基础上进一步提高放疗的安全性。

采用Anchor-Free网络结构的实时火灾检测算法

为了解决现有的火灾检测算法中模型复杂,实时性差,检测精度较低的问题,提出快速高效的火灾检测算法.该算法采用Anchor-Free网络结构,克服了Anchor方法中超参数过多、网络结构复杂的缺点;选用MobileNetV2作为基础特征提取网络,满足了检测的高实时性需求;针对火焰目标的形状、尺度多变的特点,设计适合于火焰检测的分类与边框预测子网络;引入特征选择模块,在特征金字塔网络中自动选择更合适的金字塔特征层.算法在自建数据集上的检测精度达到90.1%;在公开数据集上取得了较好的检测结果,其检测速度可达24.6帧/s.实验结果表明,算法的网络模型简单,检测精度较高,检测速度较快;综合性能优于现有的其他火灾检测算法.

Generation of Mathieu beams using angular pupil modulation

By using an amplitude-type spatial light modulator to load angular spectrum of Mathieu function distribution along a narrow annular pupils, the Durnin’s experimental setup is extended to generate various types of Mathieu beams. As a special type of Mathieu beams, Bessel beams are also generated using this optical setup. Furthermore, the optical morphology of the Mathieu beams family are also presented and analyzed.

Torsion in Groups of Integral Triangles

Let 0<γ<π be a fixed pythagorean angle. We study the abelian group Hr of primitive integral triangles (a,b,c) for which the angle opposite side c is γ. Addition in Hr is defined by adding the angles β opposite side b and modding out by π-γ. The only Hr for which the structure is known is Hπ/2, which is free abelian. We prove that for generalγ, Hr has an element of order two iff 2(1- cosγ) is a rational square, and it has elements of order three iff the cubic (2cosγ)x3-3x2+1=0 has a rational solution 0<x<1. This shows that the set of values ofγ for which Hr has two-torsion is dense in [0, π], and similarly for three-torsion. We also show that there is at most one copy of either Z2 or Z3 in Hr. Finally, we give some examples of higher order torsion elements in Hr.

Performance Comparison of PIN and APD based FSO Satellite Systems for various Pulse Modulation Schemes in Atmospheric Turbulence

In this paper, the performance of various Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) schemes has been analysed for PIN and APD receivers in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. It is observed that the performance of the APD receiver is always better than that of the PIN receiver as expected. Among the various modulation schemes, the performance of Differential Amplitude PPM (DAPPM) scheme with more number of amplitude levels is better than that of the other schemes for the same single level peak amplitude. Further, the optimum gain of APD receiver does not change substantially for different modulation schemes and turbulent conditions.

强F-local环上F-torsion模的分解

本文引入了强 F—local 环的概念,研究了强 F—local Noether 环上的F-torsion 模的分解,得到了比 W.Brandal and E.Barbut〔1〕更为深刻的结果.

Experimental and Analytical Study of Torsional Vibration under Multiaxial Loading in Time Domain

The torsional vibration of power transmission shaft is a phenomenon whose analytical modeling can be represented by a differential equation of motion proposed by technical literature. The solutions of these equations need coefficients and parameters that, usually, must be experimentally estimated. This work uses a resistive electric SG （strain gage） to dynamically determine strains produced in the shaft due to harmonic oscillatory motion under multiaxial loading. This movement is simulated on a prototype specially developed for this purpose. It comprises a pulley attached to the end of a stepped cantilevered shaft, which is clamped at the opposite end. In this configuration, a cam generates a torque to the system, springs regulate the stiffness and the damping coefficient of the assembly, as well as they can be suitably adjusted to produce an underdamped condition. The main advantage, highlighted in this study, refers to a major simplification. Although the system under study shows multiple degrees of freedom （torsion and bending）, the shape and the positioning of linking SGs with the resistor bridge （Wheatstone Bridge）, allow ＂to evaluate the loading effects independently, as if only one degree of freedom of the system exists at a time domain. Strains graphs for two forms of cyclic torsional oscillation, analytical and experimental, were successfully generated.

FREE FISHER INFORMATION AND AMALGAMATED FREENESS

The notion of operator-valued free Fisher information was introduced.It is a generalization of free Fisher information which was defined by D.Voiculescu on tracial von Neumann algebras.It is proved that the operator-valued free Fisher information is closely related to amalgamated freeness,i.e.,the operator-valued free Fisher information of some random variables is additive if and only if these random variables are a free family with amalgamation over a subalgebra.Cramer-Rao inequality in operator-valued settings is also obtained.

TORSION OF COMPOSITE LAMINATED BARS WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF LAYERS

In view of rite effective elastic moduli theory([1]), analyzing the thick composite laminated bars subjected to an externally applied torque are presented by three-dimensional finite element (3-D FEM) and global-local method in this paper. Numerical results involving the distribution of shearing stresses olt cross-section and the torsional deformation and the interlaminar stresses near to free edges are given. If necessary elements discretization may be densely carried out only in the high stress gradient, region. Obviously, it requires less computer memory and computational time so that it offers an effective way for evaluating strength of laminated bars torsion with a greet number of layers.