In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release f...In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.展开更多
Gene resources of Oryza rufipogon Griff. play a crucial role in rice breeding, and hence to study their conservation is of utter importance. The authors describe a method for preparation of DNA from mini_amount of...Gene resources of Oryza rufipogon Griff. play a crucial role in rice breeding, and hence to study their conservation is of utter importance. The authors describe a method for preparation of DNA from mini_amount of the silica_gel_dried leaves of Oryza rufipogon . The high molecular weight DNAs of 1?168 individuals representing 44 populations have been obtained with high yields, which could be used for RAPD PCR and construction of total DNA bank of this species. The template DNA from silica_gel_dried leaves stored for one year at room temperature gave the same RAPD results as that from the newly prepared silica_gel_dried leaves. The optional template DNA concentrations for amplification ranged from 3.1 ng to 50 ng. In addition, the quality and quantity of the template DNAs that affect RAPD results are also discussed.展开更多
Contamination problems on DNA isolation from 'recalcitrant plant taxa' which is rich in polysaccharides have been commonly encountered in a wide range of research fields such as plant population biology, biodi...Contamination problems on DNA isolation from 'recalcitrant plant taxa' which is rich in polysaccharides have been commonly encountered in a wide range of research fields such as plant population biology, biodiversity, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Here we present an improved protocol to extract DNA efficiently from dry or fresh leaves of a 'recalcitrant plant taxa', Betula alnoides Buch. Ham. ex D. Don in which three key steps are involved: 1) washing out most of polysaccharides and other secondary compounds with CTAB-free buffer from homogenate; 2) adoption of 3% CTAB rather than 2% CTAB in the exaction medium; and 3) using of high concentration of salt prior to DNA precipitation with isopropanol to remove residual polysaccharides. The isolated DNA has been proved suitable for RAPD-PCR amplification and restriction digestion. This modified procedure is simple, inexpensive and reliable, and is also applicable to many other plant taxa with high polysaccharides.展开更多
This study presented an improved CTAB method for extracting DNA from leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa Schrenk. based on the conventional CTAB method. The results showed that preventing DNA from ...This study presented an improved CTAB method for extracting DNA from leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa Schrenk. based on the conventional CTAB method. The results showed that preventing DNA from browning is a key step to obtain the high-quality DNA during DNA extraction, and under the condition of grinding in the presence of liquid nitrogen, adding such three antioxidants as PVP dry powder, Vc and β-mercaptoethanol could prevent DNA from browning effectively. The total DNA extracted by the improved CTAB method was subjected to PCR detection which proved that it totally satisfied the requirements of subsequent study.展开更多
The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress an...The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81971269 (to DP)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai,No.YDZX20213100001003 (to DP)。
文摘In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.
文摘Gene resources of Oryza rufipogon Griff. play a crucial role in rice breeding, and hence to study their conservation is of utter importance. The authors describe a method for preparation of DNA from mini_amount of the silica_gel_dried leaves of Oryza rufipogon . The high molecular weight DNAs of 1?168 individuals representing 44 populations have been obtained with high yields, which could be used for RAPD PCR and construction of total DNA bank of this species. The template DNA from silica_gel_dried leaves stored for one year at room temperature gave the same RAPD results as that from the newly prepared silica_gel_dried leaves. The optional template DNA concentrations for amplification ranged from 3.1 ng to 50 ng. In addition, the quality and quantity of the template DNAs that affect RAPD results are also discussed.
文摘Contamination problems on DNA isolation from 'recalcitrant plant taxa' which is rich in polysaccharides have been commonly encountered in a wide range of research fields such as plant population biology, biodiversity, and molecular marker-assisted breeding. Here we present an improved protocol to extract DNA efficiently from dry or fresh leaves of a 'recalcitrant plant taxa', Betula alnoides Buch. Ham. ex D. Don in which three key steps are involved: 1) washing out most of polysaccharides and other secondary compounds with CTAB-free buffer from homogenate; 2) adoption of 3% CTAB rather than 2% CTAB in the exaction medium; and 3) using of high concentration of salt prior to DNA precipitation with isopropanol to remove residual polysaccharides. The isolated DNA has been proved suitable for RAPD-PCR amplification and restriction digestion. This modified procedure is simple, inexpensive and reliable, and is also applicable to many other plant taxa with high polysaccharides.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31160110)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin(BRYB1003)the Principle Fund of Tarim University(TDZKSS201419)~~
文摘This study presented an improved CTAB method for extracting DNA from leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv. and Populus pruinosa Schrenk. based on the conventional CTAB method. The results showed that preventing DNA from browning is a key step to obtain the high-quality DNA during DNA extraction, and under the condition of grinding in the presence of liquid nitrogen, adding such three antioxidants as PVP dry powder, Vc and β-mercaptoethanol could prevent DNA from browning effectively. The total DNA extracted by the improved CTAB method was subjected to PCR detection which proved that it totally satisfied the requirements of subsequent study.
文摘The changes in the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the activity of RNase in leaves and branches of Populus tomentosa cuttings at various periods (viz: cold acclimation, deacclimation, chilling stress and the recovery after chilling stress), and the survival rate and the freezing resistance of cuttings during cold acclimation at -3℃ were investigated. Results showed that cold acclimation not only increased the contents of total soluble protein and RNA, the survival rates and the freezing resistance of cuttings, decreased the activity of RNase, but also reduced the declining degree of total soluble protein and RNA contents, and the increasing level of RNase caused by chilling stress as compared with the controls. In addition, cold acclimation augmented the increase in the level of total soluble protein and RNA, and facilitated the decrease of RNase during the recovery periods. Further analysis found that the DNA content of all treatments kept relative stability at various periods. The changes in total soluble protein, RNA and RNase were closely related to the freezing resistance of cuttings. It appears that the increase of RNA content caused by cold acclimation induced decrease of RNase activity may be involved in the accumulation of total soluble protein and the induction of freezing resistance of cuttings.
