Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and Comparison of Their Contents from Different Parts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke Total Flavonoids(CPTF) by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives] The research aimed to optimize extraction process of Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer var. simplex Mlodenke total flavonoids( CPTF),and provide reference for its development and utilization. [Methods] Based on single-factor test,ethanol concentration,extraction temperature and extraction time were taken as independent variables,and total flavonoids yield was taken as dependent variable. The test was conducted according to central composite design principle. Multivariate linear regression and binomial equation fitting of the result were conducted,and extraction process of CPTF was optimized by using response surface methodology. [Results]The optimal extraction process of CPTF was as below: ethanol concentration 54. 76%,extraction temperature 83. 92℃,extraction time 102. 64 min,solid-liquid ratio 1:20,extraction for twice. [Conclusions] The extraction process of CPTF by central composite design-response surface methodology was simple and feasible,with reliable prediction result,which was suitable for industrial production.

Optimization of the Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.by Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for total flavonoids in Primula sikkimensis Hook.[Methods]The effects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature,ultrasonic time and solid-to-liquid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids were investigated by single factor method,and the extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was optimized by Box-Behnken experimental design.[Results]The optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was ethanol volume fraction 45%,extraction time 29 min,extraction temperature 80℃,solid-to-liquid 1∶40(g/mL)and ultrasonic time 10 min.Under such conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis was 3.09%.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process is simple and feasible,and is expected to provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in P.sikkimensis.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]To optimize extraction process of total flavonoids from Akebia trifoliata( Thunb.) Koidz.,so as to provide references for development and use of Akebia trifoliata( Thunb.) Koidz. [Methods]The extraction rate of total flavonoids of Akebia trifoliata( Thunb.)Koidz. was taken as observation indicator. On the basis of single factor experiment,central composite design( CCD) was used to evaluate the effects of the extraction temperature,extraction time,and ethanol concentration on the extraction process. Multiple linear regression and binomial fitting were used,and response surface methodology( RSM) was used to select the optimum extraction process. [Results] The optimum extraction process conditions for total flavonoids of Akebia trifoliata( Thunb.) Koidz. was extraction temperature: 83. 92 ℃; extraction time:96. 47 min; ethanol concentration: 63. 92%; extraction times: two times; solid to liquid ratio: 1 ∶ 20; extraction rate of total flavonoids:4. 55%. [Conclusions] The central composite design-response surface methodology( CCD-RSM) is simple,convenient,and feasible for extraction of total flavonoids from Akebia trifoliata( Thunb.) Koidz.,and the prediction results are reliable.

Optimization of Extraction Process and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids from Sanguisorbae Radix and Carbonized Sanguisorba Root by Orthogonal Experimental Design

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Sanguisorbae Radix and carbonized Sanguisorba root,compare quality of different batches of Sanguisorbae Radix,study the effects of processing on the content of flavonoids,and provide scientific basis for reasonable utilization of Sanguisorbae Radix. [Methods] Test samples were prepared by heating,refluxing,and extraction,the extraction process was optimized by orthogonal experiment design,color was developed by NaNO_2-Al( NO_3)3-NaOH,and total flavonoids were measured by UV method at the wavelength of 510 nm. [Results] The linear relationship of rutin was excellent in the concentration range of 0. 1248 mg/mL-0. 5712 mg/mL,R^2= 0. 9997; the average recovery was 99. 67% and the RSD was 0. 70%. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the volume fraction of ethanol was 50%,the extraction temperature was 90℃,the extraction time was 90 min,and the solid-to-liquid ratio was 1∶ 20( g/mL). [Conclusions] After optimization of the extraction process,the extraction rate of total flavonoids in samples of Sanguisorbae Radix was significantly increased; there was certain difference in the content of total flavonoids between different batches of Sanguisorbae Radix and processed products; the total flavonoids significantly declines in carbonized sanguisorba root,and the influence of processing on its curative effect was to be further studied.

Optimization of the extraction process of total flavonoids from Trichosanthis Fructus by Box-Behnken response surface method combined with differential spectrophotometry

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of total flavones in Trichosanthis Fructus(composed of Trichosanthis pericarpium and Trichosanthis semen in certain proportion).Methods:The effects of the mixture ratio of Trichosanthis pericarpium and Trichosanthis semen,ethanol concentration,ultrasonic extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids in Trichosanthis Fructus were investigated.The extraction process of total flavonoids in Trichosanthis Fructus was optimized by Box-Behnken response surface method combined with differential spectrophotometry.Results:The optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids in Trichosanthis Fructus were as follows:The mixture ratio of Trichosanthis pericarpium and Trichosanthis semen was 4:6,the ethanol concentration was 70%,the ultrasonic extraction time was 60min and the extraction temperature was 40℃.Conclusion:Box-Behnken response surface method combined with differential spectrophotometry can optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Trichosanthis Fructus,which can provide reference for the extraction and application of total flavonoids in Trichosanthis Fructus.

Optimal Method of Extraction Process of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction of total flavone in folium Ginkgo biloba leaves.[Methods] Using the ultrasonic extraction method, the three levels of maximum impact were selected by each factor selection, and the optimal extraction technology was obtained by box-benhnken test design analysis.[Results] After analyzing the results, the optimal process was as follows: a time of 28.89 min and liquid/material ratio of 31.38∶ 1, the temperature was 40.74℃. In this way, NaNO 2-Al (NO 3) 3-NaOH was used as color developing agent, and the theoretical extraction of flavone in ginkgo leaf can reach 11.74 mg/g.[Conclusions] This method can be used to extract total flavonoids from G. biloba leaves with simple operation, low cost and good repeatability.

Extraction Process and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids in Ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba L. ) Leaves

[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the extraction process and the content determination of flavonoids in ginkgo( Ginkgo biloba L.) leaves.[Methods]Ethanol extraction and methanol extraction of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves were studied,and the optimal extraction conditions for flavonoids were determined by orthogonal test; and with quercetin as reference substance,total flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves was determined by UV spectrophotometry.[Results]The optimal extraction process was 4 h of Soxhlet extraction with methanol; and the total flavonoid contents had a good linear relation in the range of 0. 006 5-0. 039 mg/ml( R^2= 0. 999 9),the average content was stabilized at 1. 135%,and the average recovery of the method was 102. 0%. [Conclusions]This study selected the optimal extraction process for total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves. The test method is simple with high accuracy and precision,and is suitable for the extraction and determination of total flavonoids in ginkgo leaves.

Separation and Purification Process of Total Flavones from Litchi Pericarp by Macroporous Absorption Resin

[ Objective] This study aimed to optimize the conditions for purification of total flavones from litchi pericarp by macroporous absorption resin. E Method] The flavones adsorption rates and desorption rates of macroporous absorption resins （AB-8, HPD-600, D101 ） were compared, and the technological parameters of D101 during the purification process were investigated. E Result] D101 macroporous absorption resin was ap- propriate for the purification of total flavonoids from litchi pericarp. The optimal technological conditions were selected .. the pH of sample solution was 5.0; concentration of sample solution was 4 mg/ml, with a volume of 2.5BV; 80% ethanol was used as elution solution, with a volume of 2.0BV. [ Condusion] The content of total flavones achieved 83% after separation by D101 macoporous absorption resin.

Extraction Process and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids in Lonicera japonica

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids of Lonicerae japonica and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The total flavonoids of L.japonica were extracted by reflux extraction method.Through a single factor experiment,the effects of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of medicinal materials were investigated to select the optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of L.japonica.[Results]The optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of L.japonica was 70%ethanol,1∶30 of solid-to-liquid ratio,and 1.0 h of reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]This method can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in L.japonica and is expected to provide a certain scientific basis for the study of the quality standard of L.japonica.This method has high reproducibility.It is stable and feasible in extraction of total flavonoids from L.japonica.

Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex and Its in vitro Antioxidant Activity

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex,establish the extraction and content determination methods of its medicinal materials,and study its in vitro antioxidant activity.[Methods]The total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex were extracted by reflux extraction method,and the effects of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume,and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of the medicinal materials were explored through the single factor experiment.Orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the extraction process conditions,and the optimal extraction process for total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex was screened out.The total antioxidant capacity index was used to determine the free radical scavenging ability of the total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex was 50%ethanol,1∶40 solid-to-liquid-ratio,and 1.5 h reflux extraction time.Through the antioxidant experiment in vitro,it is found that the total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex have a higher scavenging ability for the total antioxidant capacity,and there is a certain positive correlation with the mass concentration of total flavonoids.[Conclusions]This method can effectively determine the total flavonoids content of Eucommiae Cortex medicinal material,and provide a certain scientific basis for the quality standard research of the medicinal material.The total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex have good in vitro antioxidant activity.And the method for extracting total flavonoids from Eucommiae Cortex medicinal material in this experiment has good repeatability,high stability and feasibility.

Optimization of Extraction of Total Flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE Using Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from a Zhuang medicine HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE using response surface methodology.[Methods]Using rutin as a reference substance,a standard curve was drawn at a wavelength of 292 nm.Content determination was performed through absorbance under different conditions.The effects of ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and liquid-to-solid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE were investigated by single-factor tests.By using Box-Behnken test,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was optimized.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was as follows:ultrasonic time of 30 min,ethanol volume fraction of 50%and liquid-to-solid ratio of 40∶1(mL/g).Under the optimal extraction conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was 85.47 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was convenient and feasible.This study will provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE,and provide certain guidance and basis for further development and utilization of the plan resource of Blumea riparia(Bl.)DC.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-enzymatic Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz by Response Surface Methodology and Content Determination

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.

Process Optimization and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids of Zhuang Medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thumb.)Sweet

[Objectives]To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thumb.)Sweet and establish a method for its extraction and content determination.[Methods]The total flavonoids of C.japonicum were extracted by reflux extraction method.Through a single factor experiment,the effects of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on the total flavonoids content of medicinal materials were investigated to select the optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum.[Results]The optimal extraction process of the total flavonoids of C.japonicum was 75%ethanol,1∶20 solid-to-liquid ratio,and 50 min reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]This method can effectively determine the content of total flavonoids in C.japonicum and provide a certain scientific basis for the study of the quality standard of this Zhuang medicine.This method has high reproducibility.It is stable and feasible in extraction of total flavonoids from Zhuang medicine C.japonicum.

Extraction Technology and Content Determination of Total Flavonoids from Traditional Chinese Medicine Yipichou

[Objectives]The research aimed to optimize extraction technology of total flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine Yipichou,and establish methods of extraction and content determination of its medicinal materials.[Methods]Using reflux extraction method,total flavonoids of Yipichou were extracted.Via single-factor test,influence of extraction method,extraction solvent concentration,extraction volume and extraction time on content of total flavonoids from Yipichou was inspected.Using orthogonal test,extraction conditions were optimized,and optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Yipichou was obtained.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from Yipichou was as below:70%of methanol,1∶40 of solid-liquid ratio,and 1.0 h of reflux extraction time.[Conclusions]In the test,total flavonoids were extracted from Yipichou,with better repeatability,and stable and feasible method,which could provide certain scientific basis for studying quality standard of this medicinal material.

Ultrasonic Sound Hot Extract—Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Flavone in Comb Honey

[Objective] The aim was to establish a rapid method for the determination of the content of total flavonoids in the honey comb. [Method] The content of total flavonoids weas determined based on samples including comb honey, propolis, royal jelly, linden tree honey, with a polyamide column chromatography by spectrophotometry at 360 nm wavelength. [Result] The recovery rate of the method was above 90%, and the variation coefficient was lower than 2%. Compared with the traditional method, this method has less reagent consumption, simple operation and so on.[Conclusion] The content of total flavonoids in comb honey was 14.97 mg/100 g, although is only 0.87% of the total flavone content in propolis. The contained total flavonoids at least doubled than that of others and comb honey is more valuable in the content of flavonoids.

Extraction and Drying Technique of Bawei Shangke Huoxue Tablets

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Bawei Shangke Huoxue tablets and determine the best drying method of the extract.[Methods]The orthogonal test method was used to select the optimal water extraction process,with the content of total flavonoids and the yield of dry extract as the test indicators,and the soaking time,the amount of water added,the extraction time and the extraction times as the main test factors.The water content of spray powder was taken as the evaluation indicator,the inlet air temperature,the density of liquid phase and the outlet air temperature were selected as the factors,and the spray drying process of water-extracted concentrated liquid was optimized by orthogonal test.[Results]The optimal water extraction process was no immersion,water decoction and extraction twice,adding 10 times of water each time,extraction for 1h,in which the amount of water added was the main factor.The liquid density of spray dried extract powder is 1.05-1.08(60℃),the inlet air temperature is 180℃,the outlet air temperature is 80℃is the most suitable,and the liquid density is the main factor.[Conclusions]The extraction and drying technology of Bawei Huangke Huoxue tablet is feasible,scientific and reasonable,and can be used for industrial production.

响应面法优化马齿苋总多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

以马齿苋为原料,采用超声辅助提取马齿苋总多酚。以总多酚提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化提取工艺,并分析马齿苋总多酚的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为液料比30:1(mL/g)提取温度45℃、乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40min,在此条件下马齿苋总多酚提取量为6.89mg/g。抗氧化试验表明,马齿苋总多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。

金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺优化

目的优化金银花总黄酮低共熔溶剂提取工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例、液料比、超声时间为影响因素,总黄酮得率为评价指标,响应面法和BP神经网络优化提取工艺。结果BP神经网络优化总黄酮得率高于响应面法优化。最优条件为1,3-丁二醇与氯化胆碱比例2.7∶1,液料比27∶1,超声时间29 min,总黄酮得率为7.85%。结论该方法稳定可靠,可用于低共熔溶剂提取金银花总黄酮。

Optimization of extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel by orthogonal experiment design and antioxidant activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.