Flavonoids and Amino Acids Analysis of the Fruits of Cornus mas L. Introduced in Uzbekistan

Cornelian cherry is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry as an ornament, in traditional medicine, and in the manufacture of household items. It is widely used in medicine for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, it is important to research the chemical composition of these species. In the article, based on our research, the analysis of the quantitative calculation of flavonoids and amino acids of the fruits of the “Elegant” and “Svetlyachok” cherry varieties was carried out. It was found that the amount of amino acids in the fruits of Cornus mas L., introduced in Uzbekistan, is higher in the variety “Svetlyachok” 2.643235 mg/g. In “Elegant” variety it was 1.794235 mg/g. The amount of 4 different flavonoids in the fruit was also determined. It has been established that the Elegant variety has a high concentration of lutein and rutin, and the svetlyachok has a high concentration of apigenin and quercetin.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids and Chlorogenic Acid from Flos Lonicerae by Orthogonal Experiment

[Objectives]To explore the process of simultaneous extracting total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid from Flos Lonicerae by pressure assisted extraction.[Methods]Based on the single factor experiment,orthogonal experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of solvent concentration,solid-to-liquid ratio,extraction pressure,extraction time and extraction temperature on the extraction rate of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.[Results]The results showed that the extraction pressure had a significant effect on the extraction of two kinds of chemical constituents from F.Lonicerae.The optimum process conditions were as follows:solvent concentration was 60%,solid-liquid ratio was 1∶20(g/mL),extraction pressure was 2 MPa,extraction time was 30 min,extraction temperature was 70℃.The process conditions are stable,and the extraction efficiency is higher than that of ultrasonic assisted extraction method.Under the test conditions,the extraction rates of total flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were respectively 15.66%and 3.89%.[Conclusions]This study provides a new theoretical basis for the development and utilization of F.Lonicerae.

Effect of dietary near ideal amino acid profile on heat production of lactating sows exposed to thermal neutral and heat stress conditions

Background:Reduced protein diet manifested potential to mitigate heat production based on the concept of ideal amino acid profile.The hypothesis of this study was that lactating sows fed a low crude protein(LCP)diet with supplemental amino acid produce less heat compared to those fed a high crude protein(HCP)diet under both thermal neutral(TN)and heat stress(HS)conditions.Methods:Thirty-two lactating sows were allotted to HCP(193 g CP/kg)and LCP(140 g CP/kg)diets under thermal neutral(TN,21±1.5°C)or cycling heat stress(HS,32±1.5°C daytime and 24±1.5°C nighttime)conditions.Diets contained 0.90%SID lysine and 10.8 MJ/kg net energy.Positive pressure indirect calorimeters were used to measure gas exchange in individual sows with litters,and individual piglets on days 4,8,14 and 18.Sow and litter weights were recorded on days 1,10 and 21.Results:Sow total heat production(THP)was calculated by subtracting litter THP from sow+litter THP based on BW0.75.Sow BW and body protein(BP)loss was greater for LCP diet compared to HCP diet in peak lactation(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively)and throughout the entire lactation period(P<0.05 and P=0.056,respectively)under HS conditions.Heat-stressed sows fed HCP diet had higher(P<0.05)rectal temperature at 13:00(P<0.05)and 19:00(P<0.01),and higher respiration rate at 07:00(P<0.05),13:00(P<0.05)and 19:00(P<0.05)compared to TN sows fed HCP diet.In sows fed LCP diet,those under HS tended to have higher(P=0.098)rectal temperature at 13:00 and had higher(P<0.05)respiration rate at 07:00,13:00 and 19:00 compared to TN sows.The relationship between daily THP and days in lactation of sows fed LCP diet was quadratic(P<0.05),with an ascending trend until day 14 and a descending trend from days 14 to 18.Sows fed LCP diet had lower daily THP at day 18(P<0.001)compared to those fed the HCP diet under HS conditions.Conclusion:Reduction in THP in sows fed LCP diet was largely associated with THP on day 18 of lactation under HS conditions.Feeding LCP diets alleviated the increased body temperature in sows under HS conditions throughout lactation,which was accompanied by a reduction in respiration rate.Total heat production is associated with days in lactation,in particular under HS conditions with THP appearing to peak between days 14 and 18.

Effect of Total Flavonoids of Herba Taxilli on Osteoporotic Rats Induced by Retinoic Acid

Objective:The objective was to study the effect of total flavonoids of Herba Taxilli(TFHT)on osteoporotic(OP)rats induced by retinoic acid(RA)and explore its mechanism.Methods:Three-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups,each with ten rats,i.e.normal control group,model group,and positive control group and three TFHT groups(at high-,middle-,and low-doses).Except the normal control group,rats of all the other groups were administered RA by gavage(70 mg/kg/day)every morning for 14 days to establish an OP model;at the same time,all the rats were given Corresponding therapeutic drug by gavage for 28 days:rats in the three TFHT groups were given TFHT(400,200,and 100 mg/kg/day,respectively)and rats in the positive control group were given Long mu Zhuang gu Granule 300 mg/kg/day.Rats in the model group and normal group were given an equal volume of 1%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sodium suspension.After the experiment,blood was taken to measure the levels of serum calcium(Ca^(2+)),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP);the spleen,uterus,and ovary were dissected to determine the organ coefficient;the left hind limb femur was dissected to determine bone mineral density(BMD),bone dry weight(BDW),bone wet weight(BWW),bone diameter(BD),bone length(BL),bone dry weight/rat weight(BDW/W),bone wet weight/rat weight(BWW/W),bone dry weight/bone wet weight(BDW/BWW),bone dry weight/bone length(BDW/L),and bone wet weight/bone diameter(BWW/D);and the right hind limb femur was dissected to observe the bone path morphological changes.Results:Compared with the model group,the serum Ca^(2+)content,uterus plus ovary coefficient,BMD,BDW,BDW/W,BWW/W,BDW/BWW,BDW/L,and BWW/D in the TFHT groups increased,whereas the spleen coefficient,ALP,and TRAP decreased in the TFHT groups,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:TFHT was found effective in treating OP in rats induced by RA;the main mechanisms were increasing the serum Ca^(2+)content and reducing the level of ALP and TRAP.

Characterization of Amino Acid Composition in Fruits of Three Rosa roxburghii Genotypes

Rosa roxburghii Tratt., is an important commercial horticultural crop in China due to its nutritional and medicinal value. To date, the economic production of a single predominant cultivar of R. roxburghii(‘Guinong 5') consumes 30 000 hm^2 in China. Here, we characterize the amino acid composition of ‘Guinong 5' and two novel genotypes(AL11, GP6) that prove valuable and deserve wide application. Here, 17 amino acids(acid hydrolysis of proteins) were detected in ‘Guinong 5', AL11 and GP6 fruits, with Glutamine and Asparagine being abundant, and L-cystine being absent. The essential amino acids and total amino acids were the highest in AL11, while Asparagine was most abundant in GP6. For the free amino acid, 18 amino acids and 9 metabolites were detected in ‘Guinong 5', AL11 and GP6 fruits. γ-aminobutyric acid, L-arginine and ornithine were the most abundant in ‘Guinong 5', while phosphoserine and taurine were the highest in AL11. In comparison, GP6 had the highest levels of L-asparagine, an essential amino acid, and the highest total N containing compounds.

Prediction of protein and amino acid composition and digestibility in individual feedstuffs and mixed diets for pigs using near-infrared spectroscopy

Knowledge of the amounts and digestibility of amino acids in pig feedstuffs is essential for calculating the appropriate inclusion level in a complete diet.Wet chemical analysis and in vivo digestibility trials are time-consuming and costly and cannot be used for routine assessment.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)offers a rapid,cost effective and environmentally friendly method for evaluating feedstuffs.Calibrations models were developed using NIRS to predict the content of crude protein and 18 amino acids from a wide range of feedstuffs used in pig production(n=607).The samples ranged from single feed ingredients(containing amino acids from 0.3 to 129.8 g/kg of dry matter)to feed mixtures(containing amino acids from 1.2 to 53.2 g/kg of dry matter).The predictive ability of the calibrations was tested with an independent dataset(n=150)and with cross-validation.Furthermore,we compare these calibrations with calibrations developed on more narrowly defined groups of samples and with predictions from regression analysis of crude protein.The models were able to predict the concentrations of crude protein and 18 amino acids with good levels of precision and high coefficients of determination for calibration(RSQ^(CAL))from 0.91 to 0.99 and validation(RSQ^(VAL))from 0.87 to 0.97.Calibration models were able to predict all amino acids except tryptophan and valine with greater accuracy than those from protein regression.We also developed calibration models to predict the apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of protein and amino acids.With the exception of tryptophan,RSQ values(>0.7)and standard error of cross validation(SECV)values(<5%)were obtained for the digestibility of most of the amino acids.In conclusion,NIRS can be used to predict crude protein and amino acid concentrations from a wide range of single ingredients and feed mixtures used for pig diets without separate models for each feedstuff.The digestibility of protein and amino acids can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy to be useful in formulating pig diets.

AQC柱前衍生高效液相色谱方法测定康复新液中游离氨基酸和总肽的含量

目的应用6-氨基喹啉基-N-羟基琥珀酰亚氨基氨基甲酸酯(AQC)柱前衍生化技术,建立康复新液中游离氨基酸和总肽的高效液相色谱(HPLC)含量测定方法,并以总肽含量为指标对市售样品进行检测。方法以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(Kromasil 100-5 C18色谱柱);60%乙腈(A)-0.14 mol·L^(-1)三水合乙酸钠溶液,用磷酸调节pH值至5.0(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱;柱温:39℃;流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长:248 nm。结果14种氨基酸均能达到良好的分离效果;门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸分别在2.0~99.7、3.4~168.5、2.8~139.6、4.0~201.4、4.8~238.1、6.7~336.9、3.3~167.5、9.7~487.3、4.1~202.5、4.4~221.6、5.4~270.5、3.3~166.8、4.8~240.8、4.7~236.6μg·mL^(-1)范围内呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9995~1.0000);游离氨基酸的平均加样回收率(n=6)为86.8%~108.1%,RSD为2.8%~4.4%,总肽酸水解氨基酸的平均加样回收率(n=6)为83.2%~102.7%,RSD为0.1%~3.1%;仪器精密度、重复性、稳定性实验的RSD均小于5.0%。结论该方法与现行质量标准的紫外分光光度法比较,二者测定的总氨基酸含量结果基本一致,但前者的专属性、重现性更优;以具有生物活性的总肽为质控指标,针对性更强,可为康复新液的质量评价提供更科学、合理的方法。

基于茚三酮比色法测定闽产细叶石仙桃总氨基酸含量

目的:优化溶剂回流提取-茚三酮比色法测定福建省不同产地细叶石仙桃中总氨基酸含量。方法:以甘氨酸为对照品,采用茚三酮比色法测定细叶石仙桃中总氨基酸含量;考察不同影响因素对茚三酮法测定细叶石仙桃总氨基酸含量的影响,确定最佳检测条件;在单因素实验基础上,采用L9(34)正交试验考察溶剂用量、溶剂浓度、提取时间及提取次数对细叶石仙桃中总氨基酸提取工艺的影响,并以其为考察指标,优化筛选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳检测条件为测定波长568 nm、2%茚三酮溶液用量3.0 mL、缓冲液pH值6、缓冲液用量2.0 mL、水浴加热温度80℃、水浴加热时间40 min;最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度85%,乙醇用量35.0 mL,提取时间60 min,提取2次。在所收集到的福建省4个产地的细叶石仙桃中总氨基酸含量由高到低依次为永泰县、上杭县、屏南县、永春县。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,建立含量测定方法简便、准确、重复性好,为细叶石仙桃的质量评价和进一步开发利用提供依据。样品中以永泰县所产的细叶石仙桃质量最佳。

响应面法对金银花叶总黄酮与绿原酸同步萃取工艺的优化

采用响应面法,对加压辅助溶剂同步萃取金银花叶总黄酮和绿原酸的工艺进行了优化。在单因素试验的基础上,综合评价总黄酮和绿原酸的得率“OD值”作为因变量,通过响应面法优化了液料比、萃取压力、溶剂体积分数、萃取温度和萃取时间。结果表明,优化后的加压辅助溶剂同步萃取工艺参数为:液料比26.5 mL/g,萃取压力3.1 MPa,溶剂体积分数60.5%,萃取温度90.3℃,萃取时间32 min。该工艺条件下,从金银花叶中萃取总黄酮得率为205.3 mg/g,绿原酸得率为24.5 mg/g, OD值与理论预测值的相对误差为1.0%。

淫羊藿总黄酮对去势大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b的影响及与骨密度的相关性

目的:探讨淫羊藿总黄酮(TFE)对去势大鼠抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP-5b)及骨密度的影响。方法:10月龄雌性SD大鼠去卵巢法建立大鼠模型,随机数字表法分为空白对照组(N)、模型对照组(O)、TFE低(T_(L))、中(T_(M))、高(T_(H))剂量组,β-雌二醇(E)组各10只,灌胃干预90d。用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶试剂盒测定TRACP-5b含量,用小动物分析软件测定活体全身骨密度。结果:(1)TRACP-5b水平O组明显高于N组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01),T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组TRACP-5b水平明显低于O组,具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(2)与N组比较,O、T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组腰椎骨密度均下降,唯有O组呈显著性差异(P<0.05);与O组比较,T_(M)、T_(H)组腰椎骨密度升高、呈显著性差异(P<0.05),E组腰椎骨密度升高、具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。(3)与N组比较,O、T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组全身骨密度均下降,唯有O组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与O组比较,T_(L)、T_(M)、T_(H)和E组全身骨密度均升高,唯有E组呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:TFE可以降低去势大鼠血清中TRACP-5b的含量,并与去势大鼠腰椎骨密度、全身骨密度呈一定的量效关系。

不同蛋白饲料原料的营养价值比较分析

试验为比较分析不同蛋白饲料原料的营养价值,采集10种来自不同肉牛养殖场的蛋白质饲料(豆粕、棕榈粕、棉籽粕、味精渣、芝麻饼粕、葵花粕、玉米酒精糟、牡丹籽粕、啤酒糟和豆渣),每种饲料3个重复,测定分析碳水化合物组分、蛋白质组分、氨基酸组成和预测能值指标。结果显示,豆渣的总碳水化合物(CHO)含量最高,为73.78%,其次为牡丹籽粕(66.76%)和棕榈粕(65.89%)。味精渣和豆粕的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量较高,而不可降解碳水化合物(CC)含量较低。味精渣、豆粕、芝麻饼粕和棉籽粕的粗蛋白(CP)含量较高,均在50%以上且显著高于其他原料(P<0.05)。味精渣和牡丹籽粕的非蛋白氮(PA)含量和快速降解真蛋白质(PB_(1))含量显著高于其他原料(P<0.05)。豆粕、味精渣和棉籽粕的氨基酸组成相近,必需氨基酸(EAA)含量和赖氨酸(Lys)含量高于其他原料(P<0.05)。玉米酒精糟、味精渣、牡丹籽粕和芝麻饼粕的总可消化养分(TDN)含量较高且均大于80%,增重净能(NE_(g))和泌乳净能(NE_(L))与TDN有相同的变化趋势。研究表明,不同蛋白质饲料的营养成分含量存在较大差异,综合考虑蛋白质组分和预测能值指标,味精渣、棉籽粕和芝麻饼粕的营养价值与豆粕相当,可作为替代豆粕的饲料原料。

2个桑树品种果实不同发育时期营养物质的变化

【目的】有针对性地对桑葚品质进行遗传改良,了解果实发育过程中营养物质组成的动态变化。【方法】对桑葚鲜质量进行测量,使用渗透计测定果实硬度,采用便携式糖度计测定桑葚可溶性固形物含量,采用NaOH滴定法测定可滴定酸含量,采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法测定总黄酮含量,采用福林-酚比色法测定总酚含量,采用气相色谱串联质谱法测定可溶性糖和有机酸含量,使用荧光定量PCR分析糖代谢相关基因表达水平。【结果】通过对安葚和桂花的形态及营养物质分析发现,与安葚相比,桂花的单果质量较大,果实硬度较小。2个品种桑葚的总酚和总黄酮含量存在显著差异,安葚的总酚和总黄酮含量不断积累,桂花的积累量则较少。此外,葡萄糖和果糖在2个品种桑葚中具有相似的积累趋势,但二者蔗糖的积累存在显著差异。安葚和桂花桑葚中的有机酸主要为苹果酸,其次是琥珀酸和酒石酸。随着果实发育,2个品种桑葚糖酸比逐渐增大,糖酸比在7.99~81.06之间,且在各个不同发育时期,安葚糖酸比大于桂花。蔗糖代谢相关基因表达分析表明,中性转化酶1(INV1)基因在10~30 DAP桂花中的表达量显著高于安葚,桂花中蔗糖磷酸酶(SPP)基因表达量显著高于安葚,蔗糖合酶2(SUS2)基因在安葚40~50 DAP间表达量较高且显著高于桂花。【结论】在河北承德的生长条件下,桂花果实的蔗糖、苹果酸和可溶性固形物含量高于安葚,安葚果实的总黄酮、总酚和可滴定酸含量高于桂花。此外,INV1、SPP与SUS2基因在桑葚糖代谢中发挥重要的调控作用。研究结果为不同颜色桑葚成熟过程中营养成分动态变化的研究提供了信息,为桑葚果实品质形成研究奠定了基础。

桑叶黄酮对水牛泌乳性能、氨基酸代谢和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究桑叶黄酮对泌乳水牛血清氨基酸代谢、血清生化指标和泌乳性能的影响。试验选取泌乳量接近的泌乳中期水牛20头,随机分为2组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头水牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+45 g/(头·d)桑叶黄酮。试验期5 w。结果显示,饲喂桑叶黄酮能够显著降低血清低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.05),显著提高血清胰岛素含量(P<0.05),显著降低血清蛋氨酸含量(P<0.05),显著提高水牛泌乳量以及乳蛋白、乳脂肪含量(P<0.05)。研究表明,桑叶黄酮通过调控血清氨基酸和脂质代谢提高了水牛的泌乳性能。

南黄海溶解态氨基酸组成特征及DON生物可利用性研究

生物可利用性有机氮(BDON)在海洋生态系统氮循环中起着关键作用,氨基酸是BDON的重要组成部分,也是DON生物可利用性的重要指示物。本研究阐述2021年春、夏季南黄海水体中总溶解氨基酸(THAA)组成和时空分布特征,并对南黄海DON生物可利用性进行分析。南黄海DON物质的量的浓度(下文简称浓度)分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的特征,夏季THAA水平分布上呈现北高南低的特征。夏季南黄海THAA的平均浓度(1.11±0.34μmol/L)略高于春季(0.98±0.28μmol/L)而DON平均浓度春季(8.17±5.06μmol/L)明显高于夏季(5.72±2.82μmol/L)。南黄海氨基酸主要由丝氨酸、甘氨酸+苏氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、丙氨酸等构成,其占总氨基酸的比例春季(61.51%)略低于夏季(65.69%)。南黄海以硅藻为主的浮游植物群落是水体氨基酸的重要来源,浒苔绿潮暴发显著影响了水体氨基酸的组成。夏初浒苔绿潮进入消亡和降解阶段,这可能是南黄海35°N以北海域DON具有很高的生物可利用性的重要原因。

青果不同溶剂提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究

目的:探究青果不同溶剂提取物的成分差异及对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果。方法:使用水、50%乙醇、70%乙醇、95%乙醇对青果进行提取,分别测定不同提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,明确其抑制类型,并检测不同提取液中没食子酸、鞣花酸、总黄酮含量。结果:各溶剂提取物均对α-葡萄糖苷酶有不同程度的抑制作用,其抑制类型为可逆性非竞争性抑制作用;70%乙醇提取物抑制效果最佳,半抑制浓度(IC50)为9.914×10^(3)µg/mL,没食子酸、鞣花酸、总黄酮含量分别为(5.33±0.03)mg/g、(12.61±0.12)mg/g、(19.05±0.02)mg/g。结论:青果提取液成分中没食子酸对提取溶剂不敏感,鞣花酸及总黄酮水溶性不佳;对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果总体以70%乙醇提取液最佳,酶抑制率最高,此为青果开发提供了依据。

基于UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术分析肿节风总黄酮提取物促进巨核细胞分化的效应成分

目的筛选肿节风总黄酮提取物促进巨核细胞分化的效应成分。方法(1)以人巨核细胞白血病细胞(Dami)与人骨髓基质细胞(HS-5)共培养的方式建立巨核细胞分化障碍模型作为评价体系,实验分组:Dami组(Dami)、对照组(Dami+HS-5)、PMA组[Dami+HS-5+5 ng·mL-1佛波醇12-十四酸酯13-乙酸酯(PMA)]、模型组[Dami+HS-5+1%兔抗大鼠血小板血清(APS)+5 ng·mL-1PMA],培养48 h。采用流式细胞术检测巨核细胞分化成熟表面标记分子CD41a、CD61的表达情况。(2)将49只SD雄性大鼠随机分为空白血浆组、15 min组、30 min组、60 min组、90 min组、120 min组、240 min组,每组7只。各给药组大鼠灌胃肿节风总黄酮提取物1.26 g·kg^(-1),在6个设定时间点(15、30、60、90、120、240 min)采血制备肿节风总黄酮提取物经时含药血浆。(3)采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱法(UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS)对肿节风总黄酮提取物经时含药血浆进行分析,以峰面积构建肿节风总黄酮提取物经时含药血浆中的化学成分随时间变化量矩阵(X矩阵)。将所采集的6个不同时间点的肿节风总黄酮经时含药血浆对巨核细胞分化成熟障碍模型进行干预,采用流式细胞术检测细胞表面分子CD41a、CD61的表达水平,构建肿节风总黄酮提取物经时含药血浆效应矩阵(Y矩阵)。(4)将X矩阵和Y矩阵数据标准化处理后,采用偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)计算分析量效关系,以变量重要性投影(Variable importance for projection,VIP)>1为阈值,筛选与细胞表面分子CD41a、CD61变化相关的效应成分,并进行化学成分鉴定,作为肿节风总黄酮提取物中促进巨核细胞分化的潜在效应成分,最后回归评价体系验证其药效。结果(1)与Dami组比较,对照组Dami细胞表面的CD41a表达水平明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,PMA组Dami细胞表面的CD41a、CD61表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。与PMA组比较,模型组Dami细胞表面的CD41a、CD61表达水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。(2)与空白血浆组比较,15、30、60、90、120、240 min各时间点Dami细胞表面分子CD41a、CD61表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01),且CD41a、CD61均在30 min组表达水平最高。在正、负离子模式下筛选出VIP值>1的潜在效应成分,并选取540.3638@12.25与559.2991@11.53两个成分进行药效学验证。559.2991@11.53被鉴定为胡萝卜苷(Daucosterol,Dau),540.3638@12.25被鉴定为迷迭香酸-4-O-β-D-葡萄糖(Rosmarinic acid 4-O-β-Dglucoside,Ros)。Ros、Dau分别干预巨核细胞分化成熟障碍模型后,与模型组比较,Ros及Dau低、中、高剂量组(40、60、80μg·mL-1)的Dami细胞表面的CD41a、CD61表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论Ros、Dau可能是肿节风总黄酮提取物促进巨核细胞分化的效应成分。

Effects of Simulated Acid Rain on Main Nutritional Indicators of Three Leafy Vegetables

The purpose of this paper was to identify content changes in the main nutritional indicators of three common leafy vegetables, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of leafy vegetables from acid rain. The experiment investigated the effects of simulated acid rain on four main nutritional indicators, including soluble sugar, total free amino acid, soluble protein and vitamin C during the application of simulated acid rain(SAR) in pakchoi(Brassica rapa chinensis), rape(Brassica campestris L.) and lettuce(Lactuca sativa Linn. var. ramosa Hort). The vegetables were respectively exposed to SAR of pH=7.0, 5.6, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0 and a control level of pH=6.5. The concentrations of the four main nutritional indicators were determined at harvest. The results show that nutritional quality of the three leafy vegetable species decreased with the declining of pH values of SAR. The higher the acidity of SAR was, the more significant the inhibitions were. Nutritional quality of lettuce was the most affected by simulated acid rain, followed by pakchoi and rape. The change range of soluble protein content was higher than those of the other three indicators’ contents, which indicates that soluble protein is most sensitive to simulated acid rain.

响应面法优化火绒草中总黄酮与总酚酸的提取工艺研究

为探究野生火绒草(Leontopodium leontopodioides(Wild.)Beauv)总黄酮与总酚酸最佳提取工艺及抗氧化活性,本试验采用快速溶剂萃取法探索萃取温度、循环次数、加热时间及萃取压力对火绒草总黄酮、总酚酸提取含量的影响,通过单因素试验和响应面设计法确定了活性物质的最佳提取工艺。结果表明:当使用70%乙醇提取火绒草中总黄酮时最佳提取工艺为:萃取温度93℃,循环次数3次,加热时间20 min,萃取压力102 bar,提取含量为(45.45±0.36)mg·g^(-1);总酚酸最佳提取工艺为:萃取温度90℃,循环次数3次,加热时间19 min,萃取压力97 bar,提取含量为(23.52±0.34)mg·g^(-1)。火绒草总黄酮提取液对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)为0.012 mg·mL^(-1)和0.356 mg·mL^(-1),具有一定的还原力。本研究可为火绒草活性物质的提取工艺及加工利用提供可靠的理论依据和详实的科学参考。

鱼类对乙醇梭菌蛋白中营养物质的表观消化率

试验旨在评价黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)和建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%的基础饲料和30%的乙醇梭菌蛋白组成,并添加0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y_(2)O_(3))作为指示剂。选取平均体重为(6.03±0.09) g的黑鲷360尾,分为两组,每组6个重复,每个重复30尾,两组分别饲喂基础饲料和试验饲料;选取平均体重为(45.00±0.50) g的建鲤180尾,分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,两组分别饲喂基础饲料和试验饲料。结果表明,黑鲷对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率分为99.89%、100%、95.16%~100%、88.60%和100%;建鲤对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率分为78.68%、95.00%、96.12%~100%、52.26%和100%。总体而言,乙醇梭菌蛋白的粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观消化率均处在较高水平。由此可知,对黑鲷和建鲤而言,乙醇梭菌蛋白是较好的单细胞蛋白原料。

蝙蝠蛾被毛孢发酵专用菌株筛选

为筛选适用于液体发酵的高活性菌株。通过观察5个菌株菌落形态,比较5个菌株菌丝体的收率及腺苷、甘露醇、总氨基酸和粗多糖含量。结果发现:T_(1)菌株菌丝体收率和甘露醇含量最高,T_(5)菌株腺苷、总氨基酸和粗多糖含量最高。灰色关联度法分析表明,T_(5)菌株综合表现最优,可作为发酵优选菌株。