In this paper, the principle to determine the atmospheric columnar Mie optical depth from downward total solar radiative flux is theoretically studied, and the effect on Mie optical depth solution of the errors in sur...In this paper, the principle to determine the atmospheric columnar Mie optical depth from downward total solar radiative flux is theoretically studied, and the effect on Mie optical depth solution of the errors in surface albedo, sin-gle scattering albedo, asymmetrical factor of scattering phase function, instrumental constant and the approximate expression of diffusion flux is analy/ed, and then a method for determining surface albedo in shorter wavelength range is presented.展开更多
Based on the analogy to gas dynamics, the kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) method is used to stimulate the shallow water wave equations. The flux vectors of the equations are split on the basis of the local equili...Based on the analogy to gas dynamics, the kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) method is used to stimulate the shallow water wave equations. The flux vectors of the equations are split on the basis of the local equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. One dimensional examples including a dam breaking wave and flows over a ridge are calculated. The solutions exhibit second-order accuracy with no spurious oscillation.展开更多
There is an increasing interest in the relation between the solar activity and climate change. As for the solar activity, a fractal property of the sunspot number was studied by many works. In general, a fractal prope...There is an increasing interest in the relation between the solar activity and climate change. As for the solar activity, a fractal property of the sunspot number was studied by many works. In general, a fractal property was observed in the time series of dynamics of complex systems. The purposes of this study are to investigate the relations among the solar activity, total ozone, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from a view of multi-fractality. To detect the changes of multifractality, we examined the multifractal analysis on the time series of the solar 10.7-cm radio flux (F10.7 flux), total ozone, QBO, NAO, and Ni?o3.4 indices. During the period 1950 and 2010, for the F10.7 flux and QBO index, the matching in monofractality or multifractality is observed and the increase and decrease of multifractality is similar;that is the change of multifractality is similar. In the same way, it is very similar, during the period 1985 and 2010, for the QBO and the total ozone, and during the period 1950 and 2010, for the QBO, and NAO and for the QBO, and Ni?o3.4. Compared to Ni?o3.4, the multifractality of NAO and QBO was strong and it turns out that they are undergoing unstable change. The relation among the solar activity, total ozone, QBO, NAO, and ENSO was clarified by the methods of fractal analysis and the wavelet coherence. These findings will contribute to the research of the relation between the solar activity and climate change.展开更多
We investigated the relationship between solar activity, total ozone, and solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation from the perspective of multi-fractality. Fractal properties are observed in the time series of the dynami...We investigated the relationship between solar activity, total ozone, and solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation from the perspective of multi-fractality. Fractal properties are observed in the time series of the dynamics of complex systems. To detect the changes in fractality, we performed a multifractal analysis using a wavelet transform. The changes in fractality indicated that solar activity was closely related to the total ozone and that the total ozone had a strong effect on UV-B radiation. For high solar activity, the F10.7 flux and global total ozone exhibited monofractality. The F10.7 flux and total ozone also increased, and a change from multifractality to monofractality was observed. This corresponded to the formation of the order. The strong interactions between the solar flux and ozone occur during the high solar activity. In contrast, UV-B radiation increased and showed multifractality, when fluctuations in UV-B radiation became large. For low solar activity, the F10.7 flux and total ozone exhibited multifractality, and UV-B radiation exhibited monofractality. Hence, the change in fractality of the F10.7 flux and total ozone was the opposite of UV-B radiation. A significant change in fractality for F10.7 flux and SSN, which had a significant fluctuation and a slight change in fractality for UV-B radiation, and total ozone were identified.展开更多
Measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> parameters (i.e. Total Alkalinity (TA) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)) were made from June 2005 to September 2007 in six EGEE (“Etude de la circulation océanique ...Measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> parameters (i.e. Total Alkalinity (TA) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)) were made from June 2005 to September 2007 in six EGEE (“Etude de la circulation océanique et de savariabilitédans le Golfe de GuinEE”) cruises to better assess air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea (6°N - 10°S, 10°E - 10°W). Two empirical relationships TA-Salinity and DIC-Salinity-Temperature were established. These relationships were then used to estimate the monthly fugacity of CO<sub>2</sub> (fCO<sub>2</sub>) and air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. The monthly mean flux of CO<sub>2</sub> reaches 1.76 ± 0.82 mmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup> (resp. 2.90 ± 1.45 mmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) at the north of the Equator (resp. at the South). The north-south gradient observed as the patterns of the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes was mainly driven by the oceanic fCO<sub>2</sub>. This gradient was due to the low values of the CO<sub>2 </sub>parameters flowing by the Guinea Current (6°N - 0°) from the west to the east while the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes increased in the south (10°S - 0). In the north, the climatology of Takahashi underestimated the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea when comparing to the estimated fluxes. This was due to the north-south gradient, which did not well reproduce by the climatology of Takahashi.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the principle to determine the atmospheric columnar Mie optical depth from downward total solar radiative flux is theoretically studied, and the effect on Mie optical depth solution of the errors in surface albedo, sin-gle scattering albedo, asymmetrical factor of scattering phase function, instrumental constant and the approximate expression of diffusion flux is analy/ed, and then a method for determining surface albedo in shorter wavelength range is presented.
基金Subsidized by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Early Stage Project(2002CCA 01200)the Project-sponsored by SRF for ROCS,SME.
文摘Based on the analogy to gas dynamics, the kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) method is used to stimulate the shallow water wave equations. The flux vectors of the equations are split on the basis of the local equilibrium Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. One dimensional examples including a dam breaking wave and flows over a ridge are calculated. The solutions exhibit second-order accuracy with no spurious oscillation.
文摘There is an increasing interest in the relation between the solar activity and climate change. As for the solar activity, a fractal property of the sunspot number was studied by many works. In general, a fractal property was observed in the time series of dynamics of complex systems. The purposes of this study are to investigate the relations among the solar activity, total ozone, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) from a view of multi-fractality. To detect the changes of multifractality, we examined the multifractal analysis on the time series of the solar 10.7-cm radio flux (F10.7 flux), total ozone, QBO, NAO, and Ni?o3.4 indices. During the period 1950 and 2010, for the F10.7 flux and QBO index, the matching in monofractality or multifractality is observed and the increase and decrease of multifractality is similar;that is the change of multifractality is similar. In the same way, it is very similar, during the period 1985 and 2010, for the QBO and the total ozone, and during the period 1950 and 2010, for the QBO, and NAO and for the QBO, and Ni?o3.4. Compared to Ni?o3.4, the multifractality of NAO and QBO was strong and it turns out that they are undergoing unstable change. The relation among the solar activity, total ozone, QBO, NAO, and ENSO was clarified by the methods of fractal analysis and the wavelet coherence. These findings will contribute to the research of the relation between the solar activity and climate change.
文摘We investigated the relationship between solar activity, total ozone, and solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation from the perspective of multi-fractality. Fractal properties are observed in the time series of the dynamics of complex systems. To detect the changes in fractality, we performed a multifractal analysis using a wavelet transform. The changes in fractality indicated that solar activity was closely related to the total ozone and that the total ozone had a strong effect on UV-B radiation. For high solar activity, the F10.7 flux and global total ozone exhibited monofractality. The F10.7 flux and total ozone also increased, and a change from multifractality to monofractality was observed. This corresponded to the formation of the order. The strong interactions between the solar flux and ozone occur during the high solar activity. In contrast, UV-B radiation increased and showed multifractality, when fluctuations in UV-B radiation became large. For low solar activity, the F10.7 flux and total ozone exhibited multifractality, and UV-B radiation exhibited monofractality. Hence, the change in fractality of the F10.7 flux and total ozone was the opposite of UV-B radiation. A significant change in fractality for F10.7 flux and SSN, which had a significant fluctuation and a slight change in fractality for UV-B radiation, and total ozone were identified.
文摘Measurements of CO<sub>2</sub> parameters (i.e. Total Alkalinity (TA) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC)) were made from June 2005 to September 2007 in six EGEE (“Etude de la circulation océanique et de savariabilitédans le Golfe de GuinEE”) cruises to better assess air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea (6°N - 10°S, 10°E - 10°W). Two empirical relationships TA-Salinity and DIC-Salinity-Temperature were established. These relationships were then used to estimate the monthly fugacity of CO<sub>2</sub> (fCO<sub>2</sub>) and air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes. The monthly mean flux of CO<sub>2</sub> reaches 1.76 ± 0.82 mmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup> (resp. 2.90 ± 1.45 mmol·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) at the north of the Equator (resp. at the South). The north-south gradient observed as the patterns of the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes was mainly driven by the oceanic fCO<sub>2</sub>. This gradient was due to the low values of the CO<sub>2 </sub>parameters flowing by the Guinea Current (6°N - 0°) from the west to the east while the air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes increased in the south (10°S - 0). In the north, the climatology of Takahashi underestimated the CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea when comparing to the estimated fluxes. This was due to the north-south gradient, which did not well reproduce by the climatology of Takahashi.
