Harmonics Extraction Scheme for Power Quality Improvement Using Chbmli-Dstatcom Module

In recent day’s power distribution system is distress from acute power quality issues.In this work,for compensating Power Quality(PQ)disturbances a seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter is implemented in distribution static com-pensator which protects power quality problems in currents.Distribution Static Compensator(DSTATCOM)aid to enhances power factor and removes total har-monic distortion which is drawn from non-linear load.The D–Q reference theory based hysteresis current controller is employed to generate reference current for compensation of harmonics and reactive power,additionally Probabilistic Neural Network(PNN)classifier is used which easily separates exact harmonics.In the meantime fuzzy logic controller is also used to maintain capacitor DC-link poten-tial.When comparing to PI controller it decreases steady state time and reduces maximum peak overshoot.Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter converts direct current to Alternating current,through inductor opposite harmonics are injected in Power Control Centre reduces source current harmonics and reactive power.The implementation of CHBMLI in distribution STATic COMpensator simulation model is simulated by means of MATLAB.

Orientation Angle of Molecules at Hexadecane-Water Interface Studied with Total Internal Reflection Second Harmonic Generation

The orientation angle is an important parameter that reflects the structure of molecules at interfaces. In order to obtain this parameter, second order nonlinear spectroscopic techniques including second harmonic generation （SHG） and sum frequency generation-vibrational spec- troscopy （SFG-VS） have been successfully applied through analysis of the nonlinear signal from various polarizations. In some SHG and SFG-VS experiments, total internal reflection （TIR） configuration has been adopted to get enhanced signals. However, the reports on the detailed procedure of the polarization analysis and the calculation of the orientation angle of interracial molecules under TIR configuration are still very few. In this paper, we mea- sured the orientation angles of two molecules at the hexadecane-water interface under TIR and Non-TIR experimental configurations. The results measured from polarization analysis in TIR configuration consist with those obtained from Non-TIR configuration. This work demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of polarization analysis in the determination of the orientation angle of molecules at the interfaces under TIR-SHG configuration.

Improved hyper-spherical search algorithm for voltage total harmonic distortion minimization in 27-level inverter

Multi-level inverters(MLIs)have become popular in different applications such as industrial power control systems and distributed generations.There are different forms of MLIs.The cascaded MLIs(CMLIs)have some special advantages among them such as more different output voltage levels using the same number of components and higher power quality.In this paper,a 27-level inverter switching algorithm considering total harmonic distortion(THD)minimization is investigated.Switching angles of the inverter switches are achieved by minimizing a THD-based objective function.In order to minimize the THD-based objective function,the hyper-spherical search(HSS)algorithm,as a novel optimization algorithm,is improved and the results of improved HSS(IHSS)are compared with HSS algorithm and other five evolutionary algorithms to show the advantages of IHSS algorithm.

Design and Analysis of Cascaded Hybrid-Bridge Multi-Cell Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Total Harmonic Distortion Profile

This multilevel inverter methodology is the center of focus among researchers in recent era.It has been focused due to its advantages over existing topologies,drawbacks and improvement of power quality,Multi-level inverter has the ability to generate nearly sinusoidal waves.This sinusoidal wave can be further improved by increasing the level of output voltage or with the help of filter design,and this manuscript presents single-phase Multi cell Multi-Level Inverter(MLI).It has been considered for reducing component count to get a higher number of output voltage levels and lower Total harmonics distortion profile.It comprises with four symmetric DC input voltage and 10 IGBT switches to produces stepped output of 9 level,and when deploy asymmetric Dc voltage source the same circuit will produce 31 level output with some changes in firing scheme,moreover this circuit is the family of cascaded hybrid bridge inverter so this circuit covered advantage of CHB MLI,This circuit uses lower no.of switch as compared to existing conventional MLIs such as FC-MLI,CHB-MLI,NPC-MLI,This paper also provides one of most pertinent controls and modulation mechanisms for a MLI using a hybrid reference/carrier-oriented sinusoidal PWM mechanism.At last,simulated outcomes are to validate the performance of both architectures in MLI structure as well as verify the concept.

HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE SPWM

Based on theoretical inference and computer simulation,the relationship between the harmonics and the parameters of SPWM was widely investigated.The rule of the total harmonic distortion and the harmonic spectrum distribution has been obtained.In order to decrease the harmonics,the selecting methods for optimal magnitude of the amplitude modularity and the frequency modularity are also given.

Online Learning Control for Harmonics Reduction Based on Current Controlled Voltage Source Power Inverters

Nonlinear loads in the power distribution system cause non-sinusoidal currents and voltages with harmonic components.Shunt active filters(SAF) with current controlled voltage source inverters(CCVSI) are usually used to obtain balanced and sinusoidal source currents by injecting compensation currents.However,CCVSI with traditional controllers have a limited transient and steady state performance.In this paper,we propose an adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) controller with online learning capability to improve transient response and harmonics.The proposed controller works alongside existing proportional integral(PI) controllers to efficiently track the reference currents in the d-q domain.It can generate adaptive control actions to compensate the PI controller.The proposed system was simulated under different nonlinear(three-phase full wave rectifier) load conditions.The performance of the proposed approach was compared with the traditional approach.We have also included the simulation results without connecting the traditional PI control based power inverter for reference comparison.The online learning based ADP controller not only reduced average total harmonic distortion by 18.41%,but also outperformed traditional PI controllers during transients.

Analysis on Harmonics of Distribution Network with Distributed Generators

In this paper, the authors analyze the influence that connection of many distributed generators （DGs） has on the harmonics of the distribution network from the viewpoints of harmonic current, harmonic voltage, and voltage total harmonic distortion （THD）, when it is assumed that the harmonic voltages or the harmonic currents in a distribution network increases by connection of many DGs through the inverters. The analysis on the influence of DGs is carried out by using a standard analytical model of distribution network with DGs based on the practical data. The authors evaluate quantitatively the influence which harmonics generated from DGs has on the harmonics of the distribution network, and analyze visually about propagation of harmonics within the distribution network. In addition, the authors also verify about the restraint effect of the harmonics in the network scale by the active filters installation.

Power-Sharing Enhancement Using Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic Droop Control Based Micro-Grid

The contribution of Renewable Energy Resources(RER)in the process of power generation is significantly high in the recent days since it paves the way for overcoming the issues like serious energy crisis and natural contamination.This paper deals with the renewable energy based micro-grid as it is regarded as the apt solution for integrating the RER with the electrical frameworks.As thefixed droop coefficients in conventional droop control approaches have caused various limitations like low power-sharing and sudden drops of grid voltage in the Direct Current(DC)side,the Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic(MFL)droop control is employed in this present study.This proposed droop control for the hybrid PV-wind-battery system with MFL assists in achieving proper power-sharing and minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)in the emer-gency micro-grid.It eradicates the deviations in voltage and frequency with itsflexible and robust operation.The THD is reduced and attains the value of 3.1%compared to the traditional droop control.The simulation results of harmo-nized MFL droop control are analogized with the conventional approaches to vali-date the performance of the proposed method.In addition,the experimental results provided by the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)based laboratory setup built using a solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind Permanent Magnet Synchro-nous Generator(PMSG)reaffirms the design.

Global Harmonic Rate Assessment in the Electricity Distribution Network in Niamey City:Case Studies of Domestic,Industrial and Hospital Substations

Like others countries of the world, in Niger also, we are witnessing an increasing use of non-linear electric loads in the domestic, hospital and industrial sectors. However, these loads degrade the shape of the electrical signal and cause disastrous effects to the equipment of the distribution system and the devices which are connected to the network. This article highlights the presence of electric harmonics in the distribution network in Niamey city. In order to do this, measurements were taken at the secondary level of the substations using an energy quality analyze r (FLUKE 1735). By using this measuring instrument, we quantified the voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in the three substations. The results obtained show that, although the statutable rates set by the standards are not exceeded for phase conductors, the neutral contains a very critical percentage of distortion on the residential and hospital substations. Moreover, this assessment made it possible to observe the variation of harmonics in the presence of voltage drops.

An Approach to Harmonic State Estimation of Power System

This paper presents the harmonic state estimation (HSE) based on the Total Least Squares (TLS) through comprehensively considering the harmonic network parameter error and measurement system error. The proposed approach is tested on the IEEE 14–bus harmonic testing system. The satisfied results are obtained.

Harmonic Measurement and Analysis during Electric Vehicle Charging

This paper presentsand describes harmonic measurement and analysis of studying harmonic propagation during electric vehicle (EV) charging. The measurement study is performed on a golf cart and two modern type of EVs. Harmonics from a single EV charging and a group of EV charging was measured. The voltage and current waveform during the charging was captured and analyzed to investigate the harmonic components that exist in the electrical system. Total current harmonic distortion (THDi) and total voltage harmonic distortion (THDi) were both calculated. Modern electric vehicles are found to release low THDi but higher THDv compared to a golf cart. On the measurement study during charging of? a group of EV, it is found that the summation of THD is not linear with a number of vehicles. The finding of the study reveals that harmonic contamination from EV charging on electrical grid is not as critical as thought by most of power system researchers and engineers.

Study on Negative Impact of Harmonic Components on Sensitive Electric Equipment

Distribution systems operators are often confronted with declined power quality, which can cause substantial economical losses. The problem analyzed in paper concerns thyristor controlled direct current motor used for ski-lift in ski resort as a source of disturbances with negative impact on sensitive electric equipment, which is then unable to operate correctly. To solve mentioned problems, series of measurements of voltage quality parameters were carried out according to the respective valid standards. Crucial power quality parameters necessary for parallel power active filter design were then analyzed. Power active filter compensates power factor and filters characteristic current harmonics. After power active filter was put into operation, power quality problems were eliminated. Payback period is estimated up to four years.

基于总体最小二乘-旋转不变算法的地表核磁共振信号参数估计

在地表核磁共振(SNMR)找水系统中,根据SNMR信号的参数能够预估地下含水层的储水量、导电性以及孔隙结构等信息。然而在实际应用中探测现场采集的SNMR信号十分微弱,易受到环境噪声干扰,导致无法直接获取SNMR信号的参数。针对这一问题,该文提出基于总体最小二乘-旋转不变法(TLS-ESPRIT)的地表核磁共振信号参数估计方法。基于谐波噪声与SNMR信号的相似信号特征构成一个由多个正弦衰减信号叠加的混合信号模型,使用TLS-ESPRIT将混合信号参数提取问题转换为旋转不变矩阵的广义特征值求解,从而获得SNMR信号的拉莫尔频率和弛豫时间,并结合最小二乘法求得其初始振幅和相位。仿真信号和实测信号实验结果表明此方法能够估计出混有随机噪声和工频谐波噪声的SNMR信号的参数,相比传统的谐波建模方法,在参数提取精度上效果更好。

基于改进变步长LMS算法的谐波电流检测法

针对传统基于瞬时无功功率理论谐波电流检测中的二阶低通滤波器无法同时满足检测精度和响应时间的问题,提出了基于改进的双曲正切函数变步长LMS算法(IVSSLMS)的低通滤波器提取p轴和q轴中直流分量的方法;将两个谐波电流的间隔时间通过适当的调节采样间隔次数来延长,目的是为了达到高次谐波的自相关性能迅速降为零。从理论上分析了算法性能的优越,给出了参数的取值,并在simulink中搭建了仿真模型,仿真实验结果表明,改进后的低通滤波器直流分量的跟踪速度提升了一倍,得到基波正弦波形的THD值下降了0.37%。并得出以下结论:在同样输电条件下,采用改进变步长LMS算法构成低通滤波器加快了直流量的跟踪,提取的基波分量更加接近于理想波形,提升了谐波检测的瞬时性和准确性。

微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应

该文旨在消除衍射效应对微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的影响,根据扩展的Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin模型,研究了微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,重点分析了微型扬声器后腔封闭和后腔开放的两种不同条件下考虑微型扬声器后向衍射和不考虑后向衍射的两种情况。该文使用的是简单稳定的障板测试条件,由于衍射效应与障板尺寸和微型扬声器的安装位置有关,因此该文将微型扬声器安装在固定尺寸的障板上的固定位置。该文理论计算了不同测量距离下障板的衍射曲线,分析了对应情况下微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,并进行实验验证。实验结果与理论计算吻合良好,证明了该文计算方法的准确性。该文研究表明,微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应受障板的影响较大,且测试距离越远,影响越大,扬声器后腔开放时的衍射效应比后腔封闭时的衍射效应更为明显。使用根据该文的方法计算出的衍射曲线,可以对微型扬声器测量得到的总谐波失真进行修正,消除障板测试条件下衍射效应的影响。

集成式GaN单开关管功率因数校正变换器

传统的降压型功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)变换器由于存在高谐波电流的缺点,较难满足IEC61000-3-2 C类限值,其应用受到很大限制。文中设计并搭建了一种集成式功率因数校正变换器,该变换器由一个降压PFC变换器和一个反激PFC变换器组成,其中降压和反激PFC变换器采用输入并联和输出并联连接方式共用一个GaN开关管和控制电路,降低变换器成本。集成式变换器在临界导通模式(critical conduction mode,CRM)恒定导通时间(constant on time,COT)控制下,反激单元消除了降压输入电流死区的影响,利用降压和反激PFC变换器的优势和GaN开关管的优异性能,变换器可以在宽电压输入范围下实现高效率和低总谐波失真。文中介绍了电路结构和工作原理,通过PSIM(power simulation)仿真验证理论推导的正确性,最后搭建了满载效率为94.1%的120 W样机,验证了该方案的可行性。

基于“阳化气,阴成形”探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞的中医论治

本研究基于“阳化气,阴成形”理论,探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)的中医病因病机,认为阳虚失运-化气不足-血脉不荣、阴邪凝结-成形太过-血脉不通是CTO的关键病机,以阳气虚衰为本,阴邪(湿邪、痰浊、水饮、血瘀)凝滞为标。治疗上提出温阳化气法是治疗CTO的总则,温肺阳以化宗气,温脾阳以化中气,温肾阳以化元气,结合阴邪偏盛,辅以燥湿、祛痰、化饮、逐瘀之法,以达到缓解症状、改善预后之功,并附验案1则,以期为CTO的中医治疗提供新的思路。

基于主轴电机电流信号的表面粗糙度检测

针对表面粗糙度不能及时检测造成的工件浪费问题,首次提出根据主轴电机电流信号进行表面粗糙度检测分类。通过实验采集不同表面粗糙度加工时的主轴电机电流信号,采用小波包分解将电流信号分解成不同频段,借助能量特征和裕度因子对不同频段电流信号进行评估,过滤低相关性频段,再通过随机森林筛选特征,降低特征的冗余性。总谐波失真特征实现了积屑瘤检测,仅依赖构建的电流信号特征工程表面粗糙度检测准确率高达95%以上,并且检测时间在2 s以内,基本实现了工件表面粗糙度的快速准确检测。

基于STM32单片机的音响品质测试仪

基于STM32F407VET6单片机,设计出一款能够测试音响设备失真度、频响范围等参数的音响品质测试仪。该装置采用锂电池,配合降压电路进行供电,利用拾音电路采集声音信号,借助外置16位A/D模块进行信号的ADC采样,通过FFT算法对声音信号进行分析,得到基波电压幅值和四次谐波幅值,计算出音响设备的失真度,进而得到音响设备的频响范围,最终将结果显示在屏幕上。该装置填补了市面上音响品质测试系统的空白,具有较好的测试精度和可靠度,且结构紧凑,显示直观,使用简单,能够满足实际使用需求。

基于陆态网和IGS站联合数据的中国区域电离层建模方法

为了提高中国区域电离层垂直总电子含量(vertical total electron content,VTEC)建模的精度,减少区域建模边缘误差,利用中国地壳运动观测网络(Crustal Movement Observation Network of China,CMONOC)和国际GNSS服务组织(International GNSS Service,IGS)GPS数据联合进行电离层建模,并对中国区域电离层建模策略进行定量考察,对比给出各类建模策略对中国区域电离层建模精度的影响,从而给出更符合中国区域的电离层建模方式。将建模后的结果同IGS中心的全球电离层格网产品进行比对,结果显示:基于本文方法对中国区域电离层建模的结果精度更高,与IGS数据中心发布的电离层格网产品相比误差平均值为1.2109 TECU,与卫星实测电离层TEC的内符合精度误差为1.050 TECU。说明利用联合数据建模能一定程度上提高中国区域建模的精度,同时减少区域建模边缘的误差。