Improved hyper-spherical search algorithm for voltage total harmonic distortion minimization in 27-level inverter

Multi-level inverters(MLIs)have become popular in different applications such as industrial power control systems and distributed generations.There are different forms of MLIs.The cascaded MLIs(CMLIs)have some special advantages among them such as more different output voltage levels using the same number of components and higher power quality.In this paper,a 27-level inverter switching algorithm considering total harmonic distortion(THD)minimization is investigated.Switching angles of the inverter switches are achieved by minimizing a THD-based objective function.In order to minimize the THD-based objective function,the hyper-spherical search(HSS)algorithm,as a novel optimization algorithm,is improved and the results of improved HSS(IHSS)are compared with HSS algorithm and other five evolutionary algorithms to show the advantages of IHSS algorithm.

Design and Analysis of Cascaded Hybrid-Bridge Multi-Cell Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Total Harmonic Distortion Profile

This multilevel inverter methodology is the center of focus among researchers in recent era.It has been focused due to its advantages over existing topologies,drawbacks and improvement of power quality,Multi-level inverter has the ability to generate nearly sinusoidal waves.This sinusoidal wave can be further improved by increasing the level of output voltage or with the help of filter design,and this manuscript presents single-phase Multi cell Multi-Level Inverter(MLI).It has been considered for reducing component count to get a higher number of output voltage levels and lower Total harmonics distortion profile.It comprises with four symmetric DC input voltage and 10 IGBT switches to produces stepped output of 9 level,and when deploy asymmetric Dc voltage source the same circuit will produce 31 level output with some changes in firing scheme,moreover this circuit is the family of cascaded hybrid bridge inverter so this circuit covered advantage of CHB MLI,This circuit uses lower no.of switch as compared to existing conventional MLIs such as FC-MLI,CHB-MLI,NPC-MLI,This paper also provides one of most pertinent controls and modulation mechanisms for a MLI using a hybrid reference/carrier-oriented sinusoidal PWM mechanism.At last,simulated outcomes are to validate the performance of both architectures in MLI structure as well as verify the concept.

Harmonics Extraction Scheme for Power Quality Improvement Using Chbmli-Dstatcom Module

In recent day’s power distribution system is distress from acute power quality issues.In this work,for compensating Power Quality(PQ)disturbances a seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter is implemented in distribution static com-pensator which protects power quality problems in currents.Distribution Static Compensator(DSTATCOM)aid to enhances power factor and removes total har-monic distortion which is drawn from non-linear load.The D–Q reference theory based hysteresis current controller is employed to generate reference current for compensation of harmonics and reactive power,additionally Probabilistic Neural Network(PNN)classifier is used which easily separates exact harmonics.In the meantime fuzzy logic controller is also used to maintain capacitor DC-link poten-tial.When comparing to PI controller it decreases steady state time and reduces maximum peak overshoot.Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter converts direct current to Alternating current,through inductor opposite harmonics are injected in Power Control Centre reduces source current harmonics and reactive power.The implementation of CHBMLI in distribution STATic COMpensator simulation model is simulated by means of MATLAB.

基于多种群遗传算法的多电平逆变器输出电压THD最小化调制策略

多电平逆变器具有低谐波含量,电磁干扰小,高压大容量,输出波形质量好等特点,被广泛用于中高压大功率系统当中。特定谐波消除技术SHEPWM是在多电平逆变器中的一种常用开关策略,相比于高频调制,SHEPWM技术能够消除某特定次谐波,而且具有更低的开关频率和开关损耗等优点。针对传统SHEPWM技术中THD不能达到最优的问题,推导出了输出电压谐波总含量的解析表达式,并采用多种群遗传算法对解析表达式进行求解,在得到最优开关角度的同时求出全调制度下输出电压的最小THD值。文中以三单元7电平级联H桥为例,给出了THD解析式模型及其开关角度轨迹图,和传统多波段SHE进行了对比,发现谐波总含量THD得到很大程度上的降低,同时也解决了其存在电流倒灌的问题。仿真分析和实验结果验证了方法的可行性和优势。

Total Harmonics Distortion Prediction at the Point of Common Coupling of industrial load with the grid using Artificial Neural Network

Power quality challenges have generated a lot of disputes between utilities,customers,network operators,and equipment manufacturers around the world as regards the share of responsibility for power quality solutions,this results in different levels of financial and technical losses for both the network operators and the customers.One of the major consequences of the operation of heavy-duty factories globally is the corruption of power quality at the point of common coupling(PCC).In order to quantify the harmonics contribution at the PCC by industrial consumers,this paper presents three-phase total harmonics distortion of current(THDi)prediction model at the PCC.The proposed artificial neural network(ANN)models use a multilayer perceptron neural network(MLPN)to predict three-phase total harmonic distortion.The input parameter used in the models is easily measured with basic power meters.The model was trained with input parameters captured at 33 kV and 132 kV voltage levels using power quality meters at five(5)different steel manufacturing plants.Eight(8)different models were designed,trained,validated,and tested with different combinations of input parameters,number of hidden layers,and number of neurons in the hidden layer.The results show that the model with two hidden layers which uses four major power parameters(Current,apparent power,reactive and active power)as input parameters in the training model had the best performance with a 95.5%coefficient of correlation between the measured THDi and the predicted THDi.

Online Learning Control for Harmonics Reduction Based on Current Controlled Voltage Source Power Inverters

Nonlinear loads in the power distribution system cause non-sinusoidal currents and voltages with harmonic components.Shunt active filters(SAF) with current controlled voltage source inverters(CCVSI) are usually used to obtain balanced and sinusoidal source currents by injecting compensation currents.However,CCVSI with traditional controllers have a limited transient and steady state performance.In this paper,we propose an adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) controller with online learning capability to improve transient response and harmonics.The proposed controller works alongside existing proportional integral(PI) controllers to efficiently track the reference currents in the d-q domain.It can generate adaptive control actions to compensate the PI controller.The proposed system was simulated under different nonlinear(three-phase full wave rectifier) load conditions.The performance of the proposed approach was compared with the traditional approach.We have also included the simulation results without connecting the traditional PI control based power inverter for reference comparison.The online learning based ADP controller not only reduced average total harmonic distortion by 18.41%,but also outperformed traditional PI controllers during transients.

Analysis on Harmonics of Distribution Network with Distributed Generators

In this paper, the authors analyze the influence that connection of many distributed generators （DGs） has on the harmonics of the distribution network from the viewpoints of harmonic current, harmonic voltage, and voltage total harmonic distortion （THD）, when it is assumed that the harmonic voltages or the harmonic currents in a distribution network increases by connection of many DGs through the inverters. The analysis on the influence of DGs is carried out by using a standard analytical model of distribution network with DGs based on the practical data. The authors evaluate quantitatively the influence which harmonics generated from DGs has on the harmonics of the distribution network, and analyze visually about propagation of harmonics within the distribution network. In addition, the authors also verify about the restraint effect of the harmonics in the network scale by the active filters installation.

Power-Sharing Enhancement Using Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic Droop Control Based Micro-Grid

The contribution of Renewable Energy Resources(RER)in the process of power generation is significantly high in the recent days since it paves the way for overcoming the issues like serious energy crisis and natural contamination.This paper deals with the renewable energy based micro-grid as it is regarded as the apt solution for integrating the RER with the electrical frameworks.As thefixed droop coefficients in conventional droop control approaches have caused various limitations like low power-sharing and sudden drops of grid voltage in the Direct Current(DC)side,the Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic(MFL)droop control is employed in this present study.This proposed droop control for the hybrid PV-wind-battery system with MFL assists in achieving proper power-sharing and minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)in the emer-gency micro-grid.It eradicates the deviations in voltage and frequency with itsflexible and robust operation.The THD is reduced and attains the value of 3.1%compared to the traditional droop control.The simulation results of harmo-nized MFL droop control are analogized with the conventional approaches to vali-date the performance of the proposed method.In addition,the experimental results provided by the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)based laboratory setup built using a solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind Permanent Magnet Synchro-nous Generator(PMSG)reaffirms the design.

具有高功率因数低THD特性的SEPIC PFC变换器研究

与传统的功率因数校正PFC电路相比,SEPIC PFC变换器具有输入电流始终连续且纹波小、输出电压调节范围大等特点,在工业中得到越来越多的重视。首先分析SEPIC PFC变换器工作原理,推导其工作于电感电流断续模式和电容电压断续模式时的输入电流表达式;然后提出具有高功率因数低谐波失真的SEPIC PFC变换器变频控制技术,通过描述其控制原理,介绍了控制电路参数的选择;最后通过实验对比分析随着输入电压有效值的变化,SEPIC PFC变换器的功率因数、谐波失真、效率等性能指标的变化趋势。

基于模拟开关的放大器非线性失真电路设计

非线性失真是影响模拟电路性能的重要因素之一,针对顶部失真、底部失真、双向失真和交越失真四种非线性失真情况对晶体管放大电路的影响,在详细介绍非线性失真原因及总谐波失真量化评价的基础上,以STM32F103ZET6单片机为核心,设计制作了一个放大器非线性失真研究装置。该装置主要包括晶体管放大器、采集测量、微控制器等硬件电路和软件驱动。通过两级负反馈共射放大、乙类放大分别实现基本晶体管放大和四种非线性失真产生电路,利用BL1551和CD4053模拟开关控制波形输出,采用FFT算法提取总谐波失真值。经系统测试:所设计的装置可以输出不失真波形、四种非线性失真电压波形和测量显示总谐波失真系数;测试外接信号源指定信号的总谐波失真系数时,平均精度可达95%。

基于改进变步长LMS算法的谐波电流检测法

针对传统基于瞬时无功功率理论谐波电流检测中的二阶低通滤波器无法同时满足检测精度和响应时间的问题,提出了基于改进的双曲正切函数变步长LMS算法(IVSSLMS)的低通滤波器提取p轴和q轴中直流分量的方法;将两个谐波电流的间隔时间通过适当的调节采样间隔次数来延长,目的是为了达到高次谐波的自相关性能迅速降为零。从理论上分析了算法性能的优越,给出了参数的取值,并在simulink中搭建了仿真模型,仿真实验结果表明,改进后的低通滤波器直流分量的跟踪速度提升了一倍,得到基波正弦波形的THD值下降了0.37%。并得出以下结论:在同样输电条件下,采用改进变步长LMS算法构成低通滤波器加快了直流量的跟踪,提取的基波分量更加接近于理想波形,提升了谐波检测的瞬时性和准确性。

适用于三电平逆变器的电流谐波最小脉宽调制策略

受限于散热条件,大功率牵引传动系统中逆变器开关频率通常很低,三电平逆变器由于在低开关频率下具有较小的输出谐波、较低的dv/dt等特点在中高压大功率领域中被广泛应用。以三电平中点钳位型逆变器为研究对象,提出一种电流谐波最小脉宽调制策略(CHMPWM),基于加权总谐波畸变最小的优化目标求解不同开关角个数下的开关角曲线,与目前应用较为广泛的特定次谐波消除脉宽调制进行谐波性能对比。该方法不会完全消除特定次数的谐波成分,但是总体电流谐波可以达到最小。针对电流谐波最小脉宽调制策略在实现过程中存在的困难,设计全速度范围基于电流谐波最小脉宽调制的多模式调制策略。仿真和实验结果表明,提出的调制策略具有良好的谐波性能,与理论分析结果一致。

集成式GaN单开关管功率因数校正变换器

传统的降压型功率因数校正(power factor correction,PFC)变换器由于存在高谐波电流的缺点,较难满足IEC61000-3-2 C类限值,其应用受到很大限制。文中设计并搭建了一种集成式功率因数校正变换器,该变换器由一个降压PFC变换器和一个反激PFC变换器组成,其中降压和反激PFC变换器采用输入并联和输出并联连接方式共用一个GaN开关管和控制电路,降低变换器成本。集成式变换器在临界导通模式(critical conduction mode,CRM)恒定导通时间(constant on time,COT)控制下,反激单元消除了降压输入电流死区的影响,利用降压和反激PFC变换器的优势和GaN开关管的优异性能,变换器可以在宽电压输入范围下实现高效率和低总谐波失真。文中介绍了电路结构和工作原理,通过PSIM(power simulation)仿真验证理论推导的正确性,最后搭建了满载效率为94.1%的120 W样机,验证了该方案的可行性。

微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应

该文旨在消除衍射效应对微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的影响,根据扩展的Biot–Tolstoy–Medwin模型,研究了微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,重点分析了微型扬声器后腔封闭和后腔开放的两种不同条件下考虑微型扬声器后向衍射和不考虑后向衍射的两种情况。该文使用的是简单稳定的障板测试条件,由于衍射效应与障板尺寸和微型扬声器的安装位置有关,因此该文将微型扬声器安装在固定尺寸的障板上的固定位置。该文理论计算了不同测量距离下障板的衍射曲线,分析了对应情况下微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应,并进行实验验证。实验结果与理论计算吻合良好,证明了该文计算方法的准确性。该文研究表明,微型扬声器总谐波失真测量的衍射效应受障板的影响较大,且测试距离越远,影响越大,扬声器后腔开放时的衍射效应比后腔封闭时的衍射效应更为明显。使用根据该文的方法计算出的衍射曲线,可以对微型扬声器测量得到的总谐波失真进行修正,消除障板测试条件下衍射效应的影响。

光伏反激并网微型逆变器THD性能仿真研究

针对光伏反激并网微型逆变器的输出功率随着太阳能电池输出功率不断地变化,且在逆变器的输出功率比较低时并网输出电流的总谐波失真(THD)指标不能满足并网要求的问题,研究利用PI准谐振控制器对光伏反激并网逆变器进行了并网控制。通过运用状态空间平均法建立了光伏反激并网微型逆变器的数学模型,基于该数学模型建立了仿真模型,对传统的PI控制器与PI准谐振控制器的控制性能进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明,在不同输入电压、负载条件下,采用PI控制器的逆变器输出并网电流的THD较大,不能满足并网要求;而采用PI准谐振控制器时THD均小于5%,能满足并网要求,从而验证了新控制方法的有效性。

基于新过采样方法的APF电流THD测量

电流总谐波畸变率(THD)是有源电力滤波器(APF)的一项重要性能指标,工业现场一般要求APF补偿后电流THD<5%。实验发现A/D转换引入的噪声对THD测量影响极大,其误差可达200%,不能满足应用要求。针对大功率电力电子装置采样频率低和THD测量对采样信号信噪比要求高的特点,提出一种新的过采样方法,对其进行原理分析,进而结合THD测量的实际讨论了该方法应用的相关问题。最后,通过仿真和实验对传统采样方法和新过采样方法进行比较,验证了该方法的有效性。

Performance Assessment of a Real PV System Connected to a Low-Voltage Grid

The generation of photovoltaic(PV)solar energy is increasing continuously because it is renewable,unlimited,and clean energy.In the past,generation systems depended on non-renewable sources such as oil,coal,and gas.Therefore,this paper assesses the performance of a 51 kW PV solar power plant connected to a low-voltage grid to feed an administrative building in the 6th of October City,Egypt.The performance analysis of the considered grid-connected PV system is carried out using power system simulator for Engineering(PSS/E)software.Where the PSS/E program,monitors and uses the power analyzer that displays the parameters and measures some parameters such as current,voltage,total power,power factor,frequency,and current and voltage harmonics,the used inverter from the type of grid inverter for the considered system.The results conclude that when the maximum solar radiation is reached,the maximum current can be obtained from the solar panels,thus obtaining the maximum power and power factor.Decreasing total voltage harmonic distortion,a current harmonic distortion within permissible limits using active harmonic distortion because this type is fast in processing up to 300 microseconds.The connection between solar stations and the national grid makes the system more efficient.

三相光伏并网发电系统THD及DCI优化方法研究

电流总谐波畸变(THD)和直流电流注入(DCI)等电能质量问题限制了光伏并网发电系统的大规模应用。提出新的减小THD及抑制DCI的方法以提高逆变器输出电流波形的质量,即将基于多个矢量比例积分(VPI)控制器并联的多矢量比例积分(MVPI)控制器应用于电流控制中以减小入网电流THD;设计一种直流分量提取电路,通过基于预测算法的控制策略达到抑制DCI的目的,同时探讨了THD和DCI二者之间的关系。在一台10k W光伏并网逆变器样机上进行了实验验证,实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性和实用性。

一种抑制高速电机低次电流谐波的调制方法

针对高速永磁同步电机低载波比、数字控制延时所引起的电流谐波较大的问题,提出一种抑制低次电流谐波的改进型特定次谐波消除调制方法。首先,对该调制方法的调制波形原理和数字实现特点进行分析,建立新的电压谐波方程和开关角求解方程;其次,以电流总谐波失真为目标优化函数,研究了调制比和载波比对开关角分布、电流谐波含量的影响;最后,以三相高速永磁同步电机为研究对象,搭建系统仿真模型对所提调制方法进行验证。验证结果表明,通过与特定次谐波消除调制方式相比,所提调制方法计算量更少,可以提高输出脉宽调制波形的对称性,具有更优的低次电流谐波抑制能力。

基于STM32单片机的音响品质测试仪

基于STM32F407VET6单片机,设计出一款能够测试音响设备失真度、频响范围等参数的音响品质测试仪。该装置采用锂电池,配合降压电路进行供电,利用拾音电路采集声音信号,借助外置16位A/D模块进行信号的ADC采样,通过FFT算法对声音信号进行分析,得到基波电压幅值和四次谐波幅值,计算出音响设备的失真度,进而得到音响设备的频响范围,最终将结果显示在屏幕上。该装置填补了市面上音响品质测试系统的空白,具有较好的测试精度和可靠度,且结构紧凑,显示直观,使用简单,能够满足实际使用需求。