Effects of cloud,atmospheric water vapor,and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland

Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） is an important input parameter for estimating plant produc- tivity due to its key role in the growth and development of plants. However, a worldwide routine network for sys- tematic PAR measurements is not yet established, and PAR is often calculated as a constant fraction of total solar radiation （SR）. Although the ratio of PAR to SR （PAR/SR） has been reported from many places, few studies have been performed for dry regions. The present study was therefore carried out in an arid region of Mongolia to obtain PAP-JSR and examine its dependency on sky clearness （the clearness index）, water vapor in the atmosphere and aeolian dust. Continuous measurements of PAR and SR were taken every one second using quantum and pyranometer sensors, respectively, and the readings were averaged and recorded at intervals of 30 minutes for a period of 12 months. The lowest monthly mean daily PAR/SR occurred in April （0.420）, while the highest ratio was observed in July （0.459）. Mean daily PAR/SR during plant growing season （May-August） was estimated to be 0.442, which could be useful for modeling plant productivity in the study area. The annual mean daily PAR/SR （0.435） was lower than the values reported in many previous studies. This difference could be explained with the regional variation in climate： i.e. drier climatic condition in the study area. PAR/SR was negatively correlated with the clearness index （r= -0.36, P〈0.001）, but positively with atmospheric water vapor pressure （r=0.47, P〈0.001）. The average PAR/SR was significantly lower （P=0.02） on the dusty days compared to the non-dust days. Water vapor in the atmosphere was shown to be the strongest factor in the variation of PAR/SR. This is the first study examining PAR/SR under a semi-arid condition in Mongolia.

Relationship between Solar Activity, Total Ozone, and Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Multifractal Analysis

We investigated the relationship between solar activity, total ozone, and solar ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation from the perspective of multi-fractality. Fractal properties are observed in the time series of the dynamics of complex systems. To detect the changes in fractality, we performed a multifractal analysis using a wavelet transform. The changes in fractality indicated that solar activity was closely related to the total ozone and that the total ozone had a strong effect on UV-B radiation. For high solar activity, the F10.7 flux and global total ozone exhibited monofractality. The F10.7 flux and total ozone also increased, and a change from multifractality to monofractality was observed. This corresponded to the formation of the order. The strong interactions between the solar flux and ozone occur during the high solar activity. In contrast, UV-B radiation increased and showed multifractality, when fluctuations in UV-B radiation became large. For low solar activity, the F10.7 flux and total ozone exhibited multifractality, and UV-B radiation exhibited monofractality. Hence, the change in fractality of the F10.7 flux and total ozone was the opposite of UV-B radiation. A significant change in fractality for F10.7 flux and SSN, which had a significant fluctuation and a slight change in fractality for UV-B radiation, and total ozone were identified.

Variation Trend of Total Solar Radiation in Nujiang Basin in Recent 30 Years

Based on the data of sunshine duration,cloud cover and relative humidity from 9 stations in 1981-2008,the spatial and temporal distribution and change trend of total solar radiation in river valley basin of Nujiang were analyzed,as well as its impact factors.The results showed that annual solar radiation decreased obviously in Nujiang basin from 1981 to 1997,with the rate of-161.1 MJ/(m2·10 a),while it went up after 1997 at the rate of 111.3 MJ/(m2·10 a).Annual total cloud cover showed significant decrease trend with the rate of 1.8%/10 a,but annual low cloud cover increased at the rate of 3.2%/10 a.Contrary to the change trend of annual solar radiation,relative humidity rose at the increase of 3.1%/10 a from 1981 to 1997 and decreased significantly at the rate of 5.6%/10 a in 1997-2008.The change of water vapor pressure was consistent with relative humility change.Low cloud cover was the main impact factor of total solar radiation and had a negative correlation with total solar radiation.

Simple Analysis on Change Features of Total Solar Radiation in Sanjiang Plain

The yearly,quarterly,monthly and daily change tendencies of total solar radiation at Jiamusi station of Sanjiang Plain were analyzed by statistical approach such as linear tendency estimate with its hourly ground meteorological observation data during 1986 to 2015.The research results indicated that the yearly tendency rate of total solar radiation was increasing obviously,with the velocity of 114.30 MJ/(m2·10 a),while the yearly total solar radiation was 3 667.28-4 935.88 MJ/m^2,and that of March to September was higher than the average.The summer total solar radiation was the most,followed by spring,and that of all the seasons increased except autumn which decreased.The daily total solar radiation increased rapidly from the last ten days of January and reached the peak at the end of June,while it plummeted from the beginning of September to the middle ten days of November,then tended to be gentle.The amount of 5-year total solar radiation was less after 1980s while it was more before1990s,and the total solar radiation was decreasing from 1996 to 2005 but on the contrary it kept increasing in recent ten years.Over the years the earliest record of solar radiation appeared at 05:00 and the latest at 20:00,and the daily variation of the hourly solar radiation got a normal distribution centered on 12:00 to 13:00.

Interannual and Decadal Variations of Surface Solar Radiation over East China in the First Half of the 20th Century

Variability and long-term trends of sunshine duration(SSD) and total cloud cover(TCC) were studied based on surface observations from 10 meteorological stations over East China in the first half of the 20 th century. The correlation coefficients between SSD and diurnal temperature range(DTR), as well as TCC, were analyzed. SSD experienced a significant increasing trend(0.16 h d-1 per decade) from 1908 to 1936, and the maximum brightening was in autumn(0.33 h d-1 per decade). The good agreement between the variability of SSD and DTR, supported by the correlation coefficient between them of 0.72, implies that the SSD measurements were reliable. TCC showed a decreasing trend(-0.93% per decade) and was significantly inversely related to SSD(-0.74), indicating the variation of SSD was attributable to changes in cloud cover. The result was obviously different to that since the 1960 s, when clouds could not account for the decadal trend of surface solar radiation in China.

Analysis of Meteorological Elements and Distribution Characters of Surface Solar Radiation in Guangxi

[Objective] The aim was to study the relation between solar radiation distribution and meteorological elements in Guangxi. [Method] Based on the observed data of solar radiation in Guangxi from 1995 to 2009, the total radiation, solar distribution and interannual changes in Guangxi were analyzed. By dint of observed data in Nanning station, the annual, seasonal and monthly changes of net radiation in Nanning and the linear relation between total radiation, solar distribution characteristics and interannual changes were discussed. [Result] The global radiation of surface solar radiation in the low latitude was higher tan the high latitude, as Beihai>Nanning>Guilin. The solar radiation changes and the seasonal changes in different places varied, as summer>autumn>spring>winter. The total radiation and solar radiation hours were consistent. The total solar radiation and the low cloud was in negative relation, but was in positive relation with sunny weather. The total solar radiation was in positive relation with ground temperature, except in winter. [Conclusion] The study provided effective theoretical basis and data reference to the study of climate and development of solar energy.

Estimation and Comparison of Solar Radiation Intensity by Some Models in a Region of Iran

Due to the increasing explanation of new energy application on a world scale and because of the reduction of environmental pollution arise from usage of solar energy in high potential regions, the necessity of solar radiation measurement in different regions of Iran is obvious. Therefore, in this study, the amount of radiation is measured by Pyranometer from beginning of February to August 2010 in Semnan (The central part of Iran), and it is compared with daily sunny hours, different estimated models of daily radiation such as Angstrom-Pryskat (Montis, Climate classification based on the Terwartha scientific map, using the results of 40 worldwide station, using the results of 9 Synoptic stations in Iran), the Maximum likelihood (using the results of 100 stations in worldwide, using the results of 9 Synoptic station in Iran). Finally, Terwartha scientific map model is proposed because of matching more with measured data on location.

Influence of Solar Cycle Variations on Solar Spectral Radiation

The climatic changes associated with solar variability are largely caused by variations in total solar irradiance and solar spectral irradiance with solar activity. Thus the spectral composition of solar radiation is crucial in determining atomspheric structure. The variations in solar spectrum depend on the varied solar spots. Recently, evidence for a strong effect of solar activity on terrestrial isolation on ground-based measurements carried out by the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan, Egypt (lat. 29?52'N and long. 31?20'E) during (1990-2000) were presented. Specifically, a strong increase of terrestrial isolation with sunspot number as well as a decline of the solar spectrum with solar activity was reported. Daily measurements of the solar radiation between 280 nm and 2800 nm were made by Eppley Pyranometer and Pyrheliometer instruments. The decreasing at the range 280 - 530 nm and 530 - 630 nm are represented less than 50% of direct solar radiation and the stability of at the range 630 - 695 nm and 695 - 2800 nm it mean that;some of difference radiation is appear in diffused radiation which allow to height of the temperature as much as the largest associated with significance as it appears from the curves of relative humidity.

A method for calculating the total ozone amount in the clear skies

A new method for calculating the clear day total ozone amount was obtained by the regression analysis of the observation data of ozone,solar UV radiation, and meteorological parameters.With this method the monthly mean total ozone amounts for the year 1991 in Beijing were calculated. Generally, the calculated values agree well with the Dobson spectrophotometer measurements, the average relative deviation between them being less than 2. 2%. According to the F-test,the photochemical reactions in the atmosphere,the solar UV radiation,and the aerosols are three most important factors to affect the column total ozone amount.

西北四省太阳能资源分布与长期变化趋势分析

根据我国西北四省1978—2017年的观测数据,分析该区域太阳总曝辐量的空间分布特征,绘制太阳能资源区划图,并分析了以往研究中未涉及的太阳总曝辐量长期变化趋势。结果表明:西北四省多年平均年太阳总曝辐量为3 676~7 036 MJ/m^(2),且自西北向东南逐渐递减,高值区主要在青海大部、甘肃河西西部、宁夏大部与陕西北部。各季节太阳总曝辐量分布特征为夏季最高、春秋季次之、冬季最低。西北四省大部分地区太阳总曝辐量长期变化呈减少趋势,少部地区呈增加趋势,其中青海中西部区域减少最为明显,甘肃河西西部与武威地区、陕北部分地区增加趋势明显。在四季中,秋季太阳总曝辐量呈减少趋势的范围最大,春季太阳总曝辐量呈增加趋势的范围最大。研究结果对掌握西北四省太阳能资源的长期变化趋势与光伏电厂长期收益及风险防范有参考价值。

石羊河流域太阳辐射总模型适用性评价及基于天气类型的模型率定研究

石羊河流域光照资源充足,太阳辐射强,准确估算其太阳总辐射对石羊河流域农业生产具有重要意义。为了对常见太阳辐射总模型在石羊河流域的模拟精度进行评价,确定适合石羊河流域太阳总辐射估算的模型,本研究基于中国农业大学石羊河实验站2014-2018年的气象数据资料,选取5种太阳总辐射模型,采用决定系数R2、平均绝对误差MAE、均方根误差RMSE、一致性指数d以及整体评价指标GPI共5个指标进行适用性评价,并进行了基于不同天气类型的太阳总辐射模型模拟与评价。结果表明:基于日照百分率、日平均温度、相对湿度的综合模型具有最佳的模拟效果;晴天天气下,三次函数型A-P模型具有最佳模拟效果;多云天气下,综合模型模拟效果最佳,提出了基于天气组合的石羊河流域太阳总辐射估算模型,为石羊河流域太阳总辐射估算提供了进一步的模型支持。

1970—2021年河池市太阳总辐射时空变化特征分析

利用1970—2021年河池市气象观测及地理信息等数据,根据太阳辐射气候学估算模型,采用统计学、 Mann-Kendall突变检验和小波分析等方法,分析河池市太阳总辐射时空变化特征。结果表明,1970—2021年河池市年太阳总辐射呈现“下降-上升”趋势,年际波动总体平稳。春、夏、秋、冬四个季节均出现“变暗”和“变亮”交替过程,但各年代际变化的趋势不同,且春夏波动较为明显。年太阳总辐射在1981年发生突变。太阳总辐射变化的主周期为30 a,且呈现“多-少”周期性震荡变化。太阳能资源时空分布不均,存在空间和季节分布差异,年平均太阳总辐射在3 665.6~4 390.7MJ·m-2之间,高值区在巴马,低值区在天峨,呈现南部向西北部逐渐减小特征。各季节太阳总辐射从大到小排到为夏季、秋季、春季、冬季。

近43年江西省太阳辐射变化特征及其影响因素研究

基于江西省20个国家站1980—2022年逐日气象数据,利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、Pearson相关分析法分析了太阳辐射的长期变化趋势及其与气溶胶光学厚度、整层大气水汽含量、低云量和总云量之间的关系。研究发现:1)近43年来,受气溶胶光学厚度和整层大气水汽含量显著增长的影响,江西省太阳辐射以-5.7×10^(-3) MJ m^(-2) decade^(-1)的速度下降,总云量、低云量的微弱变化对太阳辐射的影响有限;2)夏季、秋季和冬季太阳辐射分别以-24×10^(-3) MJ m^(-2) decade^(-1)、-2.4×10^(-3) MJ m^(-2) decade^(-1)、-2.8×10^(-3) MJ m^(-2) decade^(-1)的速度下降,而春季太阳辐射以11.5×10^(-3) MJ m^(-2) decade^(-1)的速度上升,其中,夏季太阳辐射的下降受气溶胶光学厚度和低云量显著增加的影响,秋、冬季太阳辐射的下降受气溶胶光学厚度显著增加的影响,春季太阳辐射的增长主要取决于总云量的显著下降;3)气溶胶光学厚度和整层大气水汽含量增加导致80%的台站太阳辐射呈下降趋势,总云量和低云量下降导致20%的台站太阳辐射呈上升趋势,而修水、赣州站太阳辐射与4个影响因素的变化趋势相同的原因还需进一步研究。

基于时间序列疏系数模型的太阳辐射年际变化趋势预测

利用1961—2016年山东省济南市太阳年总辐射量观测数据,通过模型识别和统计检验,对比分析时间序列模型AR(5)和ARIMA((1,2,4),1,0)的拟合结果。残差检验结果表明,疏系数模型ARIMA ((1,2,4),1,0)可用于预测地表太阳年总辐射量,预测结果显示2017—2025年济南市地表太阳辐射的年际变化整体呈增长趋势。对比多元线性回归模型结果,时间序列疏系数模型误差较小,预测准确度相对较高。

河西走廊东部太阳总辐射时空分布特征

利用河西走廊东部及周边11个国家自动气象站历年气象观测资料,采用线性倾向分析、MannKendall突变检验分析、基于地面观测资料的统计反演、遥感图像处理软件(ENVI5.2)空间统计分析等方法,分析了总辐射的时空变化特征。结果表明:走廊东部太阳能资源储量丰富且较稳定,年总辐射量在5414.19~6500.36 MJ/m^(2),平均为5947.5 MJ/m^(2),属于太阳能资源较丰富带。总辐射夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。1959—2020年走廊东部总辐射总体呈增加趋势。1959—1989年呈减少趋势,1989年发生突变后呈持续增加趋势,变化趋势与全球和全国大部分区域先“变暗”后“变亮”的过程较为一致。总辐射上、下游呈增加趋势,中游呈减小趋势。春、冬季均为增加趋势,夏、秋季均为减小趋势。总辐射月、日变化呈单峰型,4—8月占全年的55%。2—5月呈增加趋势,8—10月呈减小趋势,年、季、月增幅均为下游最大。总辐射日变化峰值出现在正午12:00—13:00时,10:00—15:00时占日总辐射的73%。总辐射空间分布与纬度、海拔高度有关,北部多、南部少,川区多、山区少。

太阳能电池板最佳倾斜角模型构建

本文对永州市各县区2021全年的日照辐射量进行了统计分析,利用永州市地理纬度信息和天文学知识,建立了太阳能电池板倾斜角的计算模型,并以最大化年日照总辐射量为目标,计算得到了永州市光伏企业太阳能电池板的最佳倾斜角和年日照辐射量最大值。

地表太阳辐射短期预测方法研究进展

根据太阳辐射预测使用的数据及预测方法,将目前地表太阳辐射短期预测方法归纳总结为4类:基于地面观测数据预测方法、基于卫星遥感观测预测方法、基于地基云图观测预测方法以及基于数值天气预报模式预测方法。分别阐述4类地表太阳辐射短期预测方法的研究进展,并对不同方法适用性及其优缺点进行评价,最后对未来短期地表太阳辐射预测方法进行展望。

廊坊市太阳能资源特征分析与评估

利用乐亭国家基本气象站1993~2012年逐月太阳总辐射、月日照百分率数据,以及1973~2022年廊坊市9个国家基本气象站的月日照百分率资料,应用Angstrom-Prescott公式估算太阳总辐射,采用最小二乘法、趋势分析、克里金插值等方法对廊坊市太阳能资源进行综合评估分析。结果表明,近50a廊坊市太阳总辐射在5039.4~5411.9MJ/m^(2)之间,且呈现下降趋势,空间分布南高北低;各站平均年日照时数和太阳总辐射变化趋势基本一致,均呈下降趋势;日照时数和太阳总辐射年代际变化呈单谷型,进入21世纪后呈现增长趋势;除永清县外太阳能资源均为“很丰富”等级,能满足开发利用的需求;廊坊市太阳能资源稳定度均为一般等级,近50a中各站有3~10a的稳定等级;近50a日照时数>6h的天数在198~283d,平均239d。廊坊市太阳能资源总体较好,可以进行合理开发利用。

河西走廊太阳辐射时空分布特征及太阳能资源评估研究

利用1961—2020年河西走廊3个太阳辐射站和19个气象站资料,推算河西走廊各站太阳总辐射量,得出该地区太阳总辐射空间分布和时间变化特征,进一步采用相关系数法分析了太阳总辐射的气候影响因素。结果表明:(1)太阳总辐射空间分布在年及春、夏、秋季呈西北向东南递减,冬季呈西北向东南增加。(2)太阳总辐射在月际和季节分布上呈单峰型,5月最强,12月最弱,夏季最强,冬季最弱。(3)年太阳总辐射呈增加趋势,其线型倾向率为6.3 MJ/(m^(2)·10 a),其中夏、秋、冬季总辐射呈减少趋势,夏季下降最明显,而春季呈明显增加趋势。(4)年、季总辐射都表现出2~3、5~6 a短周期及8~10 a长周期振荡。(5)太阳总辐射量与相对湿度、降水量、总云量、低云量及浮尘、扬沙、沙尘暴日数总体呈负相关,与气温和日照时数呈正相关。(6)河西走廊太阳能资源丰富程度和稳定度表现一致,都呈现为由西北向东南递减的趋势,资源相对丰富的地区稳定度也相对较高。

湖北省1981-2020年太阳总辐射的气候学估算及其时空变化特征分析

利用湖北省境内17个气象观测站1981—2020年的日照时数资料和其中2个拥有长序列数据的太阳辐射观测站同时段的太阳总辐射资料,采用气候学经验公式法推算得到其他15个无长序列数据的太阳辐射观测站逐年各月太阳总辐射的历史序列,然后对湖北省内太阳总辐射的时空变化特征进行分析研究。研究结果表明:1)湖北省年太阳总辐射量随年际的变化呈下降趋势,并在2007年左右发生突变。2)夏季、秋季和冬季的太阳总辐射量随年际的变化均呈下降趋势,而春季呈上升趋势;其中,秋季的太阳总辐射量在2011年左右发生突变。3)月平均太阳总辐射量随月份变化呈单峰分布,在7月达到最大。4)太阳总辐射量的高值区主要分布在鄂西北、鄂东北、鄂东南和江汉平原地区,而鄂西南地区相对较少。该研究对于了解湖北省内气候的形成及进行太阳能资源的合理开发利用具有重要意义。