Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and fibrolytic enzyme on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed rations silage including rape straw

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant（Lactobacillus plantarum, LP）, fibrolytic enzyme（EN）, combination of LP and EN（LP＋EN） on fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration（TMR） silages containing 0, 7.5 and 15.0%（on dry matter basis） of rape（Brassica campestris L.） straw（RS）（denoted as CTMR, LTMR and MTMR, respectively）. After ensiling for 60 days, TMR silages without additives were well preserved, but MTMR had higher p H than CTMR and LTMR. There were no differences in other parameters of fermentation quality, microbial composition, nutrition and in vitro digestibility between CTMR and LTMR except for yeast and mold number and crude protein（CP） content. CTMR and LTMR silage had higher CP content, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility（IVNDFD） and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility（IVADFD）, lower acid detergent fiber（ADF） content than MTMR silage. LP and EN decreased p H and increased dry matter（DM） recovery of TMR silages. LP＋EN improved the fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages, showed by lower p H, ADF content, higher lactic acid content, in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD） and IVNDFD. Therefore, It was suggested that TMR silage contained 7.5% RS on a DM basis and treated with LP＋EN can be as a useful feed for ruminant.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Analysis of Mixing Principle and Optimization of Parameter on the Single-shaft Horizontal Total Mixed Ration Mixer

The main structure and working principle of the single-shaft horizontal total mixed ration mixer was discussed. For studying the mixing principle, the analysis of force and motion of the material on the paddle were made, and paddle angle and rotational speed of the rotor were determined by the experiment, the main mixing ways were explained.

Analysis of Nutrition of Total Mixed Ration for Dairy Cows on a Large-scale Ranch of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

With the rapid development of China's dairy industry,the yield and scale of dairy cows have gradually increased,and the total mixed ration(TMR)technology has been widely applied in pastures.The seven large-scale pastures in the Heilongjiang reclamation area were selected.The area was divided into high milk yield pastures(A,E,F and G)and low milk yield pastures(B,C and D).The nutritional contents of TMR of the seven pastures were compared with NRC(2001)recommendations.The results showed that in the high milk yield pastures,the crude protein(CP)contents were closer to NRC recommendations(2001)than those of the low milk yield pastures,and the contents of ether extract(EE)were significantly higher(P<0.05).The contents of acid detergent fiber(ADF)in TMR of all the scale pastures were close to those recommended by NRC(2001),where as the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were significantly higher than the NRC(2001)recommendations.After measuring the dry matter(DM)rumen degradation rates,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR of dairy cows on the ranch were assessed using the nylon bag method,CP contents of the high milk yield pastures were significantly higher(P<0.05)compared with those of the low milk yield pastures,and the rumen degradable protein(RDP)to rumen undegradable protein(RUP)ratio was more ideal.The diets in the high milk yield pastures had significantly higher NDF contents and degradation rates than those in the low milk yield pastures,except pasture D(P<0.05).The diets in pastures E and G(with higher milk yields)had higher ADF degradation rates than pastures B,C and D,which had lower milk yields(P<0.05).Additionally,the type and digestibility of roughage were also related to dairy cows'performance.In summary,dairy cow performance was positively correlated with the nutrition of TMR.By exploring the quality of TMR from the aspects of TMR's nutritional contents,rumen degradation rates and feed ingredients,this study provided a reference for the evaluation of TMR nutrition.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Effects of Partial Mixed Rations on Production, Composition and Nutritional Value of Milk in Lactating Dairy Cows in Temperate Region of Argentina

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and T2 whereas concentration of somatomedins (IGF-1) remained unaffected. Grouth hormone (GH) levels and the GH/insulin ratio were highly variable and not affected by treatments. Concentration of vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids gradually increased with the inclusion of pasture in the diet. Supplementing a winter oat pasture with TMR may be a suitable strategy to maintain milk production with a high conversion efficiency but part of the produced milk could be sustained at the expense of endogenous energy mobilization. The conditions of replacing pasture for TMR in high yielding dairy cows should be defined taking into account the depressing effect of pasture on total DM and energy intake when fresh forage is included in high proportion in the diet.

Effect of fermented total mixed rations on rumen microbial communities and serum metabolites in lambs

Background:Diet regulates rumen microbiota,which in turn affects animal health.The present study evaluated the response of rumen microbiota and the immune system of lambs to a fermented total mixed ration diet.Methods:A total of 30 lambs were assigned into two groups:a group fed an unfermented high-fiber diet(total mixed ration[TMR])and a group fed an fermented low-fiber diet(fermented TMR[FTMR]).Results:The results showed that FTMR markedly(p<0.05)increased average daily gain and dry matter intake compared to TMR.The FTMR diet increased the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae_UCG-001 and decreased the diversity of undesirable microbiota despite stable overall microbial community diversity.Serum metabolomic analysis combined with enrichment analysis showed that serum metabolites were affected by the FTMR and metabolic pathways,and the FTMR diet significantly(p<0.05)influenced amino acid metabolism of lambs.There was a decrease in inflammatory factors in the FTMR treatment,indicating that inflammatory factors followed the same trajectory as changes in microbial community structure and function.Conclusions:Overall,the FTMR diet reduced undesirable microbiota diversity,thereby regulating host amino acid metabolism and improving immune status.

玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠不同混合比例对发酵全混合日粮营养品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响

[目的]研究以玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠作为粗饲料加工调制肉牛发酵全混合日粮(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)时二者的最佳配比,为菌糠等副产物高值化利用提供技术支撑。[方法]设置7个不同比例的粗饲料混合处理组,玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠的比例分别为8∶2(T1组)、7∶3(T2组)、6∶4(T3组)、5∶5(T4组)、4∶6(T5组)、3∶7(T6组)、2∶8(T7组),再以精粗比为4∶6(鲜重)添加肉牛精料补充料,混合均匀后加工制成全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR);将不同处理组的TMR样品装入青贮袋,压实密封后抽真空,遮光保存于室内,自然发酵60 d制成FTMR;分别测定并比较TMR和FTMR的营养组分含量和霉菌毒素含量,同时,测定FTMR的发酵参数,确定最优配比。[结果]①随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,TMR的DM含量呈逐渐降低趋势,CP含量呈逐渐增加趋势,NDF和ADF含量总体呈逐渐增加趋势,EE含量呈波动性变化。②随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的DM含量呈逐渐下降趋势,与发酵前相比,T4组的DM损失率最低;T3组和T4组FTMR的CP含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他组,与发酵前相比,T3组与T4组FTMR的CP含量增加;各组FTMR的EE含量差异不显著(P>0.05),与发酵前相比,T1组~T4组FTMR的EE含量下降,T5组~T7组增加;T1组~T5组FTMR的NDF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,T3组NDF含量最低,与发酵前相比,T3组和T5组FTMR的NDF含量下降;T1组~T5组FTMR的ADF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,与发酵前相比,T4组和T5组ADF含量下降。③各组FTMR样品均产生酸香味,发酵品质良好;T3组FTMR的pH值最低,显著(P<0.05)低于其余各组,T4组的pH值也较低;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的LA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T4组含量最高,T3组次之,二者均显著(P<0.05)高于其余各组;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的AA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T5组含量最高,T4组和T3组次之;各组FTMR样品均检测到微量的PA,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);T6组和T7组FTMR样品检测到微量的BA,其余各组均未检出;T3组FTMR的AN/TN比值最低,除T6组和T7组AN/TN比值超过10%外,其余各组均小于10%。各组TMR样品以及各组FTMR样品中AFB1、ZEN、OTA含量组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),参考《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2017),发酵前后样品中霉菌毒素均未超过阈值。④主效应分析结果表明,发酵处理显著(P<0.05)降低了TMR的AFB1和ZEN含量,玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠混合比例处理以及发酵和混合比例组合效应对发酵前后样品的AFB1和ZEN含量无显著(P>0.05)影响;发酵处理、玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠混合比例处理、发酵和混合比例组合效应对发酵前后样品的OTA含量无显著(P>0.05)影响。[结论]综合营养组分和霉菌毒素含量以及发酵品质分析,采用玉米秸秆混合金针菇菌糠调制FTMR的方式能高效保存利用秸秆和菌糠等副产物,二者以6∶4(T3组)或5∶5(T4组)配比时效果较好。

菌酶协同发酵对奶牛发酵全价混合日粮营养成分、发酵品质、体外消化率的影响

为研究菌酶协同发酵对奶牛发酵全价混合日粮的营养成分、发酵品质、体外消化率的影响,设置5个处理,分别为空白对照(CK)、添加2×10^(5)CFU/g乳酸菌处理(J)、添加2×10^(5)CFU/g乳酸菌+0.025%纤维素酶处理(JX1)、添加2×10^(5)CFU/g乳酸菌+0.050%纤维素酶处理(JX2)、添加2×10^(5)CFU/g乳酸菌+0.100%纤维素酶处理(JX3)。所有处理均进行厌氧发酵,在发酵3 d、7 d、15 d、30 d检测发酵品质,发酵30 d检测营养成分含量、酸溶蛋白含量、体外消化率。结果表明,JX3处理发酵全价混合日粮中的中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于对照(P<0.05)。JX3处理发酵全价混合日粮的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、纤维素、半纤维素的含量最低,酸溶蛋白、粗蛋白、乳酸含量最高。JX3处理发酵全价混合日粮的体外干物质消化率和体外中性洗涤纤维消化率最高,分别为84.00%和21.61%。综上所述,2×10^(5)CFU/g乳酸菌+0.100%纤维素酶协同发酵的全价混合日粮营养成分、发酵品质、体外消化率最优。

发酵全混合日粮的发酵品质及其对鲁西黑头羊生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响

试验旨在探究发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的发酵品质及其对鲁西黑头羊生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响。试验以花生秧为粗饲料,与精料按照4∶6混合,发酵30 d制备FTMR,测定其营养成分和发酵品质。选用健康、体重(20.76±1.56)kg的鲁西黑头羊32只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复4只羊。对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),试验组饲喂FTMR。预试期15 d,正式试验期63 d,测定其生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:随着发酵时间延长,FTMR中水分和粗蛋白含量均呈先增加后逐步稳定的趋势,粗灰分含量呈先降低后逐步稳定的趋势;pH值呈先降低后趋于稳定的趋势,乙酸(AA)和丙酸(PA)含量呈先增加后稳定的趋势,氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。整个发酵过程中未检出丁酸(BA),玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和呕吐毒素(DON)含量均低于国家标准。与对照组相比,试验组鲁西黑头羊平均日干物质采食量显著降低(P<0.05);试验组鲁西黑头羊对粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),干物质的表观消化率显著降低(P<0.05);试验组鲁西黑头羊血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,FTMR发酵品质优良,与TMR相比,饲喂FTMR能够提高鲁西黑头羊生长性能和抗氧化能力。

紫花苜蓿与全株玉米不同混合比例对TMR发酵的影响

试验旨在探究紫花苜蓿与全株玉米不同混合比例对全混合日粮(TMR)发酵的影响。将紫花苜蓿与全株玉米分别以10∶0(T1组)、7∶3(T2组)、5∶5(T3组)、3∶7(T4组)、0∶10(T5组)的比例混合作为粗饲料,再与精料以6∶4混合配制TMR,装入密封袋中厌氧发酵60 d,得到发酵全混合日粮(FTMR),取样测定其营养成分、发酵品质以及开封后第0、3、6、9、12天主要微生物的动态变化情况。结果表明:随着全株玉米比例的增加,FTMR中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。T2组乳酸菌数量随着饲料在空气中暴露时间的延长而减少(P<0.05);随着全株玉米混合比例的增加,乳酸菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);随着全株玉米混合比例的增加,除T3组外,乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。根据各组FTMR的营养成分、发酵品质、微生物的动态数量变化情况进行隶属函数分析,结果表明,最适紫花苜蓿与全株玉米比例为7∶3。综合各组FTMR的营养品质、发酵品质以及有氧暴露后微生物的变化情况,在中小型牧场乃至家庭式牧场中推荐紫花苜蓿和全株玉米混合发酵的适宜比例为7∶3。

发酵全混合日粮对藏羊营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本文旨在探讨发酵全混合日粮(TMR)对育肥期藏羊营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选用14只5月龄、体重29 kg左右的健康藏羊公羊,随机分成2组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂未发酵TMR,试验组饲喂发酵TMR。预试期14 d,正试期70 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组藏羊平均日采食量(ADFI)以及中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和半纤维素表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组藏羊血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组藏羊胴体重和屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂重量和指数显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验组藏羊背最长肌红度(a^(*))值显著提高(P<0.05),且背最长肌总必需氨基酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),同时背最长肌总非必需氨基酸含量显著下降(P<0.05);其中,试验组背最长肌缬氨酸和异亮氨酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),而背最长肌甲硫氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,对TMR进行发酵处理能够提高藏羊屠宰性能、NDF和半纤维素表观消化率以及机体抗氧化能力,降低腹部脂肪沉积,对背最长肌肉色及营养价值也具有一定的改善作用。

不同比例百香果皮对发酵型全混合日粮品质和干物质消化率的影响

试验旨在探究不同比例百香果皮对发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)发酵品质和干物质消化率的影响。试验设定FTMR粗精比为7∶3,粗蛋白含量理论值为13%。各处理组百香果皮分别替代0(对照组,T0)、5%(T1)、10%(T2)和15%(T3)的王草。密封发酵60 d,使用体外瘤胃液培养方法测定干物质消化率及瘤胃发酵参数。结果表明:各处理组pH值、乙酸含量和氨态氮/总氮无显著差异(P>0.05),添加5%、10%和15%百香果皮的FTMR的乳酸含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。经6 h体外培养后,各组瘤胃液pH值在6.970~6.997之间(P>0.05)。当百香果皮添加量达到15%(T3)时,瘤胃产气量和干物质消化率均达到最高。研究表明,百香果皮可以作为发酵全日粮中的优质原料,具有促进发酵和提升干物质消化率的效果,添加量最高可达15%。

尾菜-玉米芯型发酵全混合日粮发酵工艺优化及营养价值分析

本试验旨在优化复合益生菌发酵尾菜-玉米芯型发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)的生产工艺参数并探究发酵对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响。以玉米芯型全混合日粮(TMR)为试验对象:1)采用单因素试验设计,设产朊假丝酵母菌、酿酒酵母、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、植物乳杆菌5种益生菌的32个不同组合,筛选最优菌种组合;2)采用L_(16)(3^(4))正交试验,设计3种益生菌的4个不同添加比例,筛选出最优菌种比例;3)在确定最优菌种组合和比例的基础上,设计接种量、温度和干物质含量3个因素,每个因素4个水平,采用L_(16)(3^(4))正交试验对玉米芯型FTMR生产工艺参数进行优化;4)利用水和不同尾菜(白菜尾菜和西兰花尾菜)调整发酵底物干物质含量,进行对比验证试验。发酵9 d后对发酵产物的感官指标、pH及营养成分含量进行测定,利用隶属函数法对相关指标进行综合评判。结果表明:1)最优菌种组合与比例为产朊假丝酵母菌∶酿酒酵母∶枯草芽孢杆菌=3∶3∶1,在接种量为0.4%、温度为33℃、干物质含量为55%时隶属值、粗蛋白质(CP)增加率和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降解率最高;2)验证对比试验结果显示,与发酵前相比,添加蒸馏水、白菜尾菜和西兰花尾菜的玉米芯型TMR发酵后CP含量分别提高了10.08%、22.02%、17.55%,酸溶蛋白(ASP)含量分别提高了59.69%、29.20%、34.34%,ADF含量分别降低了12.29%、11.36%、11.76%,NDF含量分别降低了6.27%、6.57%、6.13%,营养品质得到改善;3)与添加蒸馏水的对照相比,添加白菜尾菜和西兰花尾菜的玉米芯型TMR发酵后ASP和水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量分别提高了13.42%、14.06%和31.17%、40.43%,说明添加尾菜可以有效提升玉米芯型FTMR的营养价值。综上所述,优化复合益生菌组合及发酵工艺参数可以有效提升尾菜-玉米芯型FTMR的营养价值。

棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮对卡拉库尔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

本试验旨在探究饲喂棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮对卡拉库尔羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取36只健康、2~3月龄、体重[(26.0±2.2)kg]相近的卡拉库尔羊公羔,随机分为3组,每组12只,每只羊作为1个重复。CK组饲喂100%棉副产品型全混合日粮,FFG组饲喂50%棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮+50%棉副产品型全混合日粮,EFG组饲喂80%棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮+20%棉副产品型全混合日粮。预试期15 d,正试期60 d,测定生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数。结果显示:1)饲喂50%或80%的棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮均能显著或极显著提高卡拉库尔羊的平均日增重(ADG)和干物质采食量(DMI)(P<0.05或P<0.01),且EFG组的DMI极显著高于FFG组(P<0.01)。2)饲喂80%的棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮能显著或极显著提高粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)饲喂80%的棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮能显著降低瘤胃液pH并显著提高乙酸浓度(P<0.05),饲喂50%或80%的棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮均能显著提高瘤胃液氨态氮和丙酸浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲喂80%的棉副产品型发酵全混合日粮可以提高卡拉库尔羊的生长性能、CP和NDF表观消化率,促进瘤胃发酵。

添加剂对全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

该试验研究了添加双乙酸钠和绿汁发酵液对含水稻秸秆、四棱豆藤、甜茶渣和精料的全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。实验分为4组:对照组(C,无添加)、双乙酸钠组(S,0.5%鲜重)、绿汁发酵液组(L,2.0 mL/kg鲜重)、双乙酸钠+绿汁发酵液组(SL,0.5%+2.0 mL/kg鲜重)。TMR在25℃厌氧条件下发酵35 d,4组TMR pH值、氨态氮含量均较低,丁酸含量低(0.42~0.49 g/kg干重),均具有良好的发酵品质,对照组、S组和SL组的乳酸含量及乳酸菌数量无显著性差异(P>0.05),添加双乙酸钠对乳酸菌发酵可溶性糖产生乳酸的过程没有影响,L组的乳酸含量最高(P<0.05),表明接种绿汁发酵液可促进乳酸发酵。在有氧稳定性方面,S组(>312 h)和SL组(>302 h)显著高于C组(>160 h)和L组(>130 h)(P<0.05)。此外,单独添加双乙酸钠或与绿汁发酵液组合添加在有氧暴露12 d后,pH值保持在4.50左右,乙酸含量处于较高水平,延长了有氧稳定性。结果表明,添加0.5%双乙酸钠可在不影响发酵品质的前提下提高发酵TMR的有氧稳定性,建议推广应用。

全混合日粮(TMR)技术在骆驼奶生产中的应用前景分析

文章研究了全混合日粮(TMR)技术在新疆骆驼养殖和骆驼奶生产中的应用。新疆独特的地理环境使其成为适合骆驼生存的理想地区。然而,目前骆驼养殖仍存在机械化程度低、饲料利用率低等问题。TMR技术通过提供营养均衡的日粮,提高饲料利用效率和生产性能,有望提升骆驼养殖的经济效益。文章概述了TMR技术的定义、优势及其在骆驼饲养中的应用,探讨了TMR技术在提高骆驼奶产量及质量方面的重要性,并提出了适用于骆驼养殖的TMR机械选择原则。通过科学合理的饲料配方和TMR技术应用,骆驼养殖业有望实现规模化、产业化发展。

全混合日粮与传统方式饲喂肉牛增重效果的对比

为挖掘酒泉市肉牛产业发展潜力,筛选可提高饲草料利用率的科学饲喂方式,通过在养殖规模、软硬件设施和饲养管理水平各不相同的3个肉牛养殖场,分别采用机械加工全混合日粮、人工混合日粮和传统饲喂三种方式,连续饲喂肉牛200 d,分析对比各种饲喂方式增重效果。结果显示,饲喂机械加工全混合日粮较人工混合饲料和传统方式肉牛日增重分别提高9%和18%以上;差异均显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)。试验表明,全混合日粮饲喂技术可显著提高肉牛日增重量,是一项可提高饲草料利用率,降低养殖成本,促进肉牛产业高质量发展的先进技术。

不同营养水平全混合日粮对舍饲育肥羔羊生产性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性能的影响

为了研究3种营养水平(A1-0.7×NRC、A2-0.8×NRC、A3-0.9×NRC)全混合日粮对舍饲羔羊生产性能、养分表观消化率和屠宰性状的影响,本试验选择48只南非肉用美利奴×甘肃高山细毛羊杂交一代羔羊,随机分为3个处理组,进行为期60d的育肥试验。结果显示,在全混合日粮饲喂技术下,饲喂A2、A3营养水平日粮组的羔羊全期平均日增重极显著高于A1营养水平组(P<0.01),A2和A3营养水平组差异不显著(P>0.05),公羔全期平均日增重极显著高于母羔(P<0.01);A因子对钙、总磷、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维消化率均有极显著影响(P<0.01),性别仅对钙、总磷消化率有极显著影响(P<0.01),但营养水平与性别没有显著交互作用(P>0.05);营养水平对育肥羔羊的屠宰性能没有显著影响(P>0.05),但杂种羔羊的屠宰率、熟肉率、眼肌面积等高于甘肃高山细毛羊。以上结果表明采用0.8×NRC营养水平全混合日粮育肥南非肉用美利奴×甘肃高山细毛羊杂交一代羔羊较为适宜,在同一营养水平下,公羔生长性能优于母羔。