Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Growing Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects of pelleted total mixed ration on production performance and serum biochemical index of growing Hainan black goats.[Method] Twenty-four growing Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(10.05±0.049) kg were randomly assigned into two treatments, and supplied with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration(experimental group), respectively. The trial lasted 50 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05), but the feed/gain ratio of experimental group was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the gross profit of experimental group significantly increased( P <0.05).[Conclusion] Pelleted total mixed ration led to better production performance of growing Hainan black goat.

Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and fibrolytic enzyme on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed rations silage including rape straw

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant（Lactobacillus plantarum, LP）, fibrolytic enzyme（EN）, combination of LP and EN（LP＋EN） on fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration（TMR） silages containing 0, 7.5 and 15.0%（on dry matter basis） of rape（Brassica campestris L.） straw（RS）（denoted as CTMR, LTMR and MTMR, respectively）. After ensiling for 60 days, TMR silages without additives were well preserved, but MTMR had higher p H than CTMR and LTMR. There were no differences in other parameters of fermentation quality, microbial composition, nutrition and in vitro digestibility between CTMR and LTMR except for yeast and mold number and crude protein（CP） content. CTMR and LTMR silage had higher CP content, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility（IVNDFD） and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility（IVADFD）, lower acid detergent fiber（ADF） content than MTMR silage. LP and EN decreased p H and increased dry matter（DM） recovery of TMR silages. LP＋EN improved the fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages, showed by lower p H, ADF content, higher lactic acid content, in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD） and IVNDFD. Therefore, It was suggested that TMR silage contained 7.5% RS on a DM basis and treated with LP＋EN can be as a useful feed for ruminant.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration of Different Particle Sizes on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Index of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] The paper to investigate the effects of pelleted total mixed ration of different particle size on production performance and serum biochemical index of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(19.02±0.22) kg were randomly divided into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao+concentrate(control group), pel-leted total mixed ration I(particle size 6 mm, experimental group I) and II(particle size 5 mm, experimental group II), respectively. The trial lasted 45 d.[Result](1) The final weight and daily gain of experimental group II were significantly higher than those of control group( P<0.05), and the daily gain of experimental group II was also higher than that of experimental group I(P<0.05);the feed intake of experimental group II was markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), but was significantly lower than that of experimental group I(P<0.05). The feed/gain ratio of experimental group II was significantly lower than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(2) The feed gain cost of experimental group II was markedly lower than that of control group(P<0.05), but the gross profit was significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group I(P<0.05).(3) Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of experimental group II increased markedly( P<0.05) while the urea nitrogen level decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion] The pelleted total mixed ration with the particle size of 5 mm obtained better fattening ef-fect, and obviously improved the serum total protein level.

Analysis of Mixing Principle and Optimization of Parameter on the Single-shaft Horizontal Total Mixed Ration Mixer

The main structure and working principle of the single-shaft horizontal total mixed ration mixer was discussed. For studying the mixing principle, the analysis of force and motion of the material on the paddle were made, and paddle angle and rotational speed of the rotor were determined by the experiment, the main mixing ways were explained.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Analysis of Nutrition of Total Mixed Ration for Dairy Cows on a Large-scale Ranch of Heilongjiang Reclamation Area

With the rapid development of China's dairy industry,the yield and scale of dairy cows have gradually increased,and the total mixed ration(TMR)technology has been widely applied in pastures.The seven large-scale pastures in the Heilongjiang reclamation area were selected.The area was divided into high milk yield pastures(A,E,F and G)and low milk yield pastures(B,C and D).The nutritional contents of TMR of the seven pastures were compared with NRC(2001)recommendations.The results showed that in the high milk yield pastures,the crude protein(CP)contents were closer to NRC recommendations(2001)than those of the low milk yield pastures,and the contents of ether extract(EE)were significantly higher(P<0.05).The contents of acid detergent fiber(ADF)in TMR of all the scale pastures were close to those recommended by NRC(2001),where as the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)were significantly higher than the NRC(2001)recommendations.After measuring the dry matter(DM)rumen degradation rates,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR of dairy cows on the ranch were assessed using the nylon bag method,CP contents of the high milk yield pastures were significantly higher(P<0.05)compared with those of the low milk yield pastures,and the rumen degradable protein(RDP)to rumen undegradable protein(RUP)ratio was more ideal.The diets in the high milk yield pastures had significantly higher NDF contents and degradation rates than those in the low milk yield pastures,except pasture D(P<0.05).The diets in pastures E and G(with higher milk yields)had higher ADF degradation rates than pastures B,C and D,which had lower milk yields(P<0.05).Additionally,the type and digestibility of roughage were also related to dairy cows'performance.In summary,dairy cow performance was positively correlated with the nutrition of TMR.By exploring the quality of TMR from the aspects of TMR's nutritional contents,rumen degradation rates and feed ingredients,this study provided a reference for the evaluation of TMR nutrition.

紫花苜蓿与全株玉米不同混合比例对TMR发酵的影响

试验旨在探究紫花苜蓿与全株玉米不同混合比例对全混合日粮(TMR)发酵的影响。将紫花苜蓿与全株玉米分别以10∶0(T1组)、7∶3(T2组)、5∶5(T3组)、3∶7(T4组)、0∶10(T5组)的比例混合作为粗饲料,再与精料以6∶4混合配制TMR,装入密封袋中厌氧发酵60 d,得到发酵全混合日粮(FTMR),取样测定其营养成分、发酵品质以及开封后第0、3、6、9、12天主要微生物的动态变化情况。结果表明:随着全株玉米比例的增加,FTMR中粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。T2组乳酸菌数量随着饲料在空气中暴露时间的延长而减少(P<0.05);随着全株玉米混合比例的增加,乳酸菌数量显著增加(P<0.05);随着全株玉米混合比例的增加,除T3组外,乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。根据各组FTMR的营养成分、发酵品质、微生物的动态数量变化情况进行隶属函数分析,结果表明,最适紫花苜蓿与全株玉米比例为7∶3。综合各组FTMR的营养品质、发酵品质以及有氧暴露后微生物的变化情况,在中小型牧场乃至家庭式牧场中推荐紫花苜蓿和全株玉米混合发酵的适宜比例为7∶3。

Effects of Partial Mixed Rations on Production, Composition and Nutritional Value of Milk in Lactating Dairy Cows in Temperate Region of Argentina

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing an oat winter pasture with a total mixed ration (TMR) on lactation performance of dairy cows. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three TMR: pasture ratios at 79:21 (T1), 58:42 (T2) and 33:67 (T3) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The response to the 100% TMR diet (TMR-100) was tested using an extra period of 14 days inmediately after finishing the Latin square schedule using the nine experimental cows. Total DM intake resulted higher in TMR-100 (28.2 (kg/cow·day) and decreased by 2.64 kg/cow·day in T1, 5.02 kg in T2 and 6.68 kg in T3. Yields of milk (31.2 kg/cow·day) and fat corrected milk (26.8 kg/cow·day) was similar between T1, T2 and T3. Milk yield resulted higher in TMR-100 (32.1 kg/cow·day) compared to T2 (30.7 kg/cow·day). Milk fat concentration (g/100 g) was higher in T2 (3.13) and T3 (3.20) compared to T1 (2.96) and TMR-100 (2.85) and milk fat yield did not differ. Milk protein content resulted higher in TMR-100 and T2 averaging 3.37 g/100 g compared to T1 (3.32 g/100 g). The lowest milk protein concentration was observed in T3 (3.29 g/100 g) that resulted only different to T2. Milk protein yield did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 averaging 1.03 kg/cow·day. A lower protein yield was detected in T2 (1.03) and T3 (1.00) when compared to TMR-100 (1.07). Efficiency of milk production (kg milk/kg DM intake) resulted higher in T3 (1.42) compared to T1 (1.25). Treatments that included pasture yielded a higher efficiency of milk production when compared to TMR-100 (1.13). Plasma urea concentration resulted lower in TMR-100 (33.8 mg/dl) with no significant differences for this parameter between the other treatments. Glucose plasma levels did not differ between T1, T2 and T3 but plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) gradually increased as the proportion of pasture was enhanced according to the lower energy intake. Plasma insulin levels were higher in TMR-100 and T2 whereas concentration of somatomedins (IGF-1) remained unaffected. Grouth hormone (GH) levels and the GH/insulin ratio were highly variable and not affected by treatments. Concentration of vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids gradually increased with the inclusion of pasture in the diet. Supplementing a winter oat pasture with TMR may be a suitable strategy to maintain milk production with a high conversion efficiency but part of the produced milk could be sustained at the expense of endogenous energy mobilization. The conditions of replacing pasture for TMR in high yielding dairy cows should be defined taking into account the depressing effect of pasture on total DM and energy intake when fresh forage is included in high proportion in the diet.

全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂技术对奶牛产奶性能及饲料消化率的影响

文章旨在研究全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂技术对奶牛产奶性能及饲料消化率的影响。试验将100头体重相近、健康状况良好,平均干乳期40 d的奶牛随机分为两组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头。对照组奶牛采用精粗分饲的方法,先粗后精,试验组采取全混合日粮饲喂技术,将精饲料和粗饲料充分混合搅拌后饲喂奶牛。预饲期10 d,正试期100 d。结果发现,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛的产奶量在前40 d均无显著变化(P>0.05),在60~100 d,试验组奶牛的产奶量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组奶牛的末重、平均日增重及平均日采食量显著增加(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05);试验组奶牛的干物质、脂肪及能量的表观消化率均显著增加(P<0.05)。总的来讲,相对于传统的精粗分饲的饲喂模式,全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂模式在改善奶牛生长消化及产奶等方面发挥了极大优势,应用推广全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂技术替代传统饲喂技术必将成为我国奶牛集约化养殖的趋势。

玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠不同混合比例对发酵全混合日粮营养品质和霉菌毒素含量的影响

[目的]研究以玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠作为粗饲料加工调制肉牛发酵全混合日粮(fermented total mixed ration,FTMR)时二者的最佳配比,为菌糠等副产物高值化利用提供技术支撑。[方法]设置7个不同比例的粗饲料混合处理组,玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠的比例分别为8∶2(T1组)、7∶3(T2组)、6∶4(T3组)、5∶5(T4组)、4∶6(T5组)、3∶7(T6组)、2∶8(T7组),再以精粗比为4∶6(鲜重)添加肉牛精料补充料,混合均匀后加工制成全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR);将不同处理组的TMR样品装入青贮袋,压实密封后抽真空,遮光保存于室内,自然发酵60 d制成FTMR;分别测定并比较TMR和FTMR的营养组分含量和霉菌毒素含量,同时,测定FTMR的发酵参数,确定最优配比。[结果]①随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,TMR的DM含量呈逐渐降低趋势,CP含量呈逐渐增加趋势,NDF和ADF含量总体呈逐渐增加趋势,EE含量呈波动性变化。②随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的DM含量呈逐渐下降趋势,与发酵前相比,T4组的DM损失率最低;T3组和T4组FTMR的CP含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他组,与发酵前相比,T3组与T4组FTMR的CP含量增加;各组FTMR的EE含量差异不显著(P>0.05),与发酵前相比,T1组~T4组FTMR的EE含量下降,T5组~T7组增加;T1组~T5组FTMR的NDF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,T3组NDF含量最低,与发酵前相比,T3组和T5组FTMR的NDF含量下降;T1组~T5组FTMR的ADF含量显著(P<0.05)低于T6组和T7组,与发酵前相比,T4组和T5组ADF含量下降。③各组FTMR样品均产生酸香味,发酵品质良好;T3组FTMR的pH值最低,显著(P<0.05)低于其余各组,T4组的pH值也较低;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的LA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T4组含量最高,T3组次之,二者均显著(P<0.05)高于其余各组;随着玉米秸秆与金针菇菌糠配比降低,FTMR的AA含量呈先增加后降低趋势,T5组含量最高,T4组和T3组次之;各组FTMR样品均检测到微量的PA,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);T6组和T7组FTMR样品检测到微量的BA,其余各组均未检出;T3组FTMR的AN/TN比值最低,除T6组和T7组AN/TN比值超过10%外,其余各组均小于10%。各组TMR样品以及各组FTMR样品中AFB1、ZEN、OTA含量组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),参考《饲料卫生标准》(GB 13078—2017),发酵前后样品中霉菌毒素均未超过阈值。④主效应分析结果表明,发酵处理显著(P<0.05)降低了TMR的AFB1和ZEN含量,玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠混合比例处理以及发酵和混合比例组合效应对发酵前后样品的AFB1和ZEN含量无显著(P>0.05)影响;发酵处理、玉米秸秆和金针菇菌糠混合比例处理、发酵和混合比例组合效应对发酵前后样品的OTA含量无显著(P>0.05)影响。[结论]综合营养组分和霉菌毒素含量以及发酵品质分析,采用玉米秸秆混合金针菇菌糠调制FTMR的方式能高效保存利用秸秆和菌糠等副产物,二者以6∶4(T3组)或5∶5(T4组)配比时效果较好。

裹包TMR饲喂对泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率及血液生化指标的影响

为了研究裹包全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂方式对泌乳奶牛生产性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,本试验选择24头泌乳天数为(124±20)d的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2个处理组,进行为期10周的饲养试验。对照组采用传统的精粗分开饲喂方式,试验组采用裹包TMR饲喂方式,精粗分开饲喂组和裹包TMR饲喂组的日粮配方组成和比例均相同,日粮精料比例为50∶50,裹包TMR水分含量调整为50%。结果表明,1)饲喂裹包TMR,可以显著增加干物质采食量(P<0.05),提高产奶量7.69%并提高3.5%标准乳产量5.20%(P>0.05);2)裹包TMR饲喂方式与精粗分开饲喂方式对乳成分含量和产量的影响差异不显著;3)裹包TMR饲喂可以显著提高粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P<0.05),干物质消化率有提高的趋势(P<0.1);4)裹包TMR饲喂显著降低了血清中尿素氮的含量(P<0.05),但对其他血液指标影响2组间差异不显著。裹包TMR技术可以作为一种有效的全混合日粮供给方式,可在我国中小规模奶牛养殖场和个体养殖户中推荐使用,以期提高奶牛生产性能和综合收益。

不同精粗比全混合颗粒日粮和TMR对湖羊生产性能及血液生理生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同精粗比全混合颗粒日粮和全混合日粮(TMR)对湖羊育肥生产性能及血液生理生化指标的影响,探索湖羊全混合颗粒饲料的配制技术和使用效果。结果表明:全混合颗粒饲料育肥体重约30kg湖羊,平均日增重192~201g/d,精粗比5∶5、4∶6、3∶7的全混合颗粒日粮组间平均日增重差异不显著(P﹥0.05),但均高于TMR组,精粗比3∶7的全混合颗粒日粮组日增重(201g/d)著显高于TMR组(158g/d)(P<0.05);湖羊生理生化指标均处于正常范围内。综上,湖羊全混合颗粒日粮适宜精粗比为3∶7。

饲草型FTMR对羔羊生产性能的影响

选用3~3.5月龄、体重23~25kg的健康羔羊,以未发酵饲草型全混合日粮(TMR)和玉米秸秆型全混合日粮(CS)作为对照,通过试验验证饲草型发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)对肉羊育肥性能和羊肉风味的影响。结果表明:FTMR饲喂组的羔羊育肥性能和屠宰性能显著(P<0.05)高于TMR组和CS组;FTMR组羔羊肉的鲜味氨基酸量、氨基酸总量(TAA)和脂肪酸显著(P<0.05)高于TMR组和CS组,综合分析,FTMR组的生产性能最高,羔羊肉的风味最好。

笋壳替代全株玉米TMR发酵品质及有氧稳定性研究

本试验旨在探讨不同比例笋壳逐步替代全株玉米对全混合日粮（total mixed ration,TMR）发酵品质、营养价值和有氧稳定性的影响,确定适宜的笋壳替代水平。试验设对照组、15%笋壳组、25%笋壳组和35%笋壳组。青贮后第5,7,14,30,90天开窖取样,测定其发酵品质、营养成分及微生物变化;同时将青贮90d的发酵TMR暴露到空气中,用多通道温度记录仪记录温度变化,并分别在有氧暴露第3,6,9和14天取样分析,评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,尽管在整个青贮过程中随着笋壳替代比例的增加,各组乳酸含量逐渐降低,pH显著（P〈0.05）升高,氨态氮/总氮逐渐上升,但青贮90d后15%和25%组具有较高的乳酸含量（60.16～64.94g/kg DM）、较低的pH（4.15～4.20）、氨态氮/总氮（55.56～58.73g/kg TN）和极少量的丁酸含量（1.05～1.47g/kg DM）,仍显示良好的发酵品质。有氧暴露期间,对照组在有氧暴露第9天pH开始急剧上升,乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量大幅度下降,发生有氧腐败,而笋壳处理组在有氧暴露14d内pH缓慢上升,乳酸、乙酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量逐步降低,且温度也未超过环境温度2℃,与对照组相比有氧稳定性明显提高。其中15%组和25%组不仅有良好的发酵品质而且有氧稳定性高。从对笋壳资源的最大化利用角度出发,用25%的笋壳替代TMR中的全株玉米最为适宜。

裹包TMR饲喂对奶牛生产性能及消化特性的影响

试验选择24头经产泌乳末期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计,分为试验组和对照组,试验组奶牛饲喂裹包全混合日粮,对照组采用常规精粗分开饲喂方式进行饲喂,旨在研究裹包TMR对泌乳末期奶牛生产性能及消化特性的影响。结果表明,试验组奶牛的产奶量、4%标准乳、饲料效率、乳蛋白和乳糖产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),干物质采食量、乳成分含量和体细胞计数试验组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组日粮中粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),其他日粮养分的表观消化率在两处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。采用裹包TMR饲喂奶牛,与精粗分开饲喂方式相比,可提高奶牛的产奶性能和日粮养分表观消化率。

TMR饲料计量搅拌机在新疆奶牛饲养中的应用

TMR饲料计量搅拌机主要用于反刍动物全混合日粮的配料与搅拌加工,其作用是可增加奶肉产量,提高劳动生产率,利于实现科学化管理。为此,就当前新疆畜牧企业的发展现状,结合饲料计量搅拌机在新疆畜牧企业的应用进行研究分析。大力推广饲料计量搅拌机,是改变新疆畜牧业落后现状的关键技术之一。

TMR饲养条件下奶牛瘤胃VFA、pH变化规律的研究

为探究全混合日粮(TMR)饲养条件下奶牛瘤胃发酵参数的变化规律,以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用TMR饲养,测定了瘤胃24h挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度及pH值。结果表明:在TMR条件下,试验奶牛瘤胃液pH值的变化范围为5.86～6.51,各时间点之间差异不显著(P>0.05);乙酸浓度、丙酸浓度、丁酸浓度变动范围分别为69.62～85.71mmol/L、19.33～25.91mmol/L、10.44～14.02mmol/L,且3种VFA出现最高浓度和最低浓度的时间点均为20:00和08:00;乙酸/丙酸值的变动范围为3.31～3.61,且在20:00比值最小,在8:00比值最大。综合分析显示,TMR技术有利于奶牛瘤胃丙酸型发酵,提高生产效益。

奶牛全价混合日粮(TMR)饲喂技术的配方优化程序设计

应用全价混合日粮(TMR)饲喂奶牛技术是奶牛养殖业走向现代化、科学化必由之路。低成本优化设计全价混合料配方和精确计算奶牛每天风干饲料采食量是实现全价混合日粮(TMR)饲喂奶牛的基本条件,实践表明,运用JT-畜禽饲料配方优化程序设计(2-2版本)完全能预期达到快速计算奶牛全价混合料配方和每天风干饲料采食量的要求。

不同含水率FTMR营养成分在奶牛瘤胃内降解率

试验选取了2头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法研究了不同含水率对FTMR营养物质瘤胃降解率和有效降解率的影响。结果表明:(1)DM、CP和OM有效降解率各含水率处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)45%处理组和50%处理组ADF有效降解率显著高于55%处理组(P<0.05),而且50%处理组NDF有效降解率显著高于55%处理组(P<0.05),45%处理组NDF有效降解率稍高于55%处理组(P>0.05);(3)DM和OM瘤胃降解率在各时间点不同含水率之间差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)45%和50%处理组的CP的瘤胃降解率在72h时显著高于55%处理组(P<0.05);(5)45%处理组和50%处理组ADF的瘤胃降解率在3、6和48h显著高于55%处理组(P<0.05),同时,50%处理组的NDF的瘤胃降解率在24h时显著高于45%和55%处理组(P<0.05),并且55%处理组最低。通过试验综合评价不同含水率FTMR对奶牛的营养价值,45%含水率和50%含水率FTMR优于55%含水率。

犊牛全混合日粮(TMR)膨化技术及其营养特性

采用优化植物蛋白质、糊熟化淀粉,调整粗精料比例,控制瘤胃发酵类型等营养调控措施,改善饲料的加工状态,利用饲料膨化工艺,生产适合犊牛消化生理特点的营养全面的全混合日粮膨化饲料。经多次试验确定的膨化技术参数合理可行,既杀灭了犊牛TMR中的抗营养因子和有毒有害物质,又保证了犊牛TMR的营养成分不被破坏,后喷涂技术应用可以达到预期的目的。