Capacitance Sensor for Nondestructive Determination of Total Oil Content in Peanut Kernels

In this work, attempts were made to estimate the total oil content (TOC) in single peanut kernels, using the CI meter (Chari’s Impedance meter, described below). Mature peanut kernels of selected varieties with a range of oil contents from 47% to 61% were placed one at a time, between the parallel-plate electrodes of the CI meter, and the impedance (Z) and phase angle (q) of the system were measured, and capacitance, C was computed at 1, 5 and 9 MHz. After the measurements, the TOC of each kernel was determined by Soxhlet method. Using the known TOC values, and the corresponding C, Z and q values, initially on a calibration group of kernels, calibration equations were developed. Using the model coefficients from the calibration, the TOCs of kernel samples of 31 diverse peanut genotypes grown in different environments in Australia were determined. The method predicted the TOC values of peanut kernels of 31 peanut genotypes, within 2% of the Soxhlet values, with an R2 of 0.87 (P 0.001).

Laboratory Design Criteria for Monitoring Biostimulated Bioremediation of a Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Niger Delta Using Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon

The remediation of crude oil-impacted soil has always been a challenge in different soil environments and climatic conditions. Bioremediation technology has offered a breakthrough in restoring crude oil-impacted soil/sediment in muddy, dry soil and wetlands. Though, there have been varied environmental conditions that have hampered the success of the bioremediation process. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of a biostimulated bioremediation of crude oil-impacted soil using some design criteria—nutrient amendment (NPK fertilizer) and moisture content. Soil sample sets—A, B, C, D, E, F, and G were impacted with crude oil at a ratio of 10 g/kg and amended with varying amounts of nutrient 30, 60, and 80 g of N.P.K fertilizer. The medium for the inoculation of the nutrient was water and the volume of water applied varied from 30% to 80% saturation. The soil sample sets were harvested at an interval of 3 months for 180 days to determine the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon left in the soil. The analysis of the total petroleum hydrocarbon was achieved using a GC-FID with a capillary column and autosampler. Soil samples were extracted with mixed solvent dichloromethane and acetone at a 1:1 ratio. The total petroleum hydrocarbon results show that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soil sample sets with low moisture content (30% water saturation) and moderate nutrient amendment. The biodegradation of the sample sets with high water saturation and a high nutrient amendment was slow with a higher amount of total hydrocarbon content at the end of the 180 days. The variability in the hydrocarbon degradation pattern of contaminated soil shows that biostimulated bioremediation achieved better results in soils with low moisture content than in soil environments with high water content (saturation). More so, nutrient overdosing of the substrate hampered the effectiveness of the remediation process.

Variability in Quantity and Salinity of Produced Water from an Oil Production in South Kuwait

Produced water (PW) is the largest waste stream in the oil and gas industry. Water remains trapped for millions of years in the reservoir with oil and gas. When a hydrocarbon reservoir is infiltrated by a production well, the produced fluids commonly contain water. The understanding of this water’s constituents and volumes is vital for the sustainable continuity of production operations, as PW has a number of negative impacts on the infrastructure integrity of the operation. On the other hand, PW can be an alternative source of irrigation water as well as of industrial salt. Interestingly, both the quantity as well as the quality of PW do not remain constant but can vary, both progressively and erratically, even over short periods of time. This paper discusses such a situation of variable PW in an oil and gas operation in the State of Kuwait.

In vitro total phenolics,flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil,various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah

Objective:To detect the in vitro total phenolics,flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of essential oil,various organic extracts from the leaves of tropical medicinal plant Tetrastigma from Sabah.Methods:The dry powder leaves of Tetrastigma were extracted with different organic solvent such as hexane.ethyl acetate,chloroform,butanol and aqueous methanol.The total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of the essential oil and various organic extracts such as hexane,ethyl acetate,chloroform,butanol and aqueous ethanol were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the assayed antioxidant activity was determined in vitro models such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity usingα,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.Results:The total phenolic contents of the essential oil and different extracts as gallic acid equivalents were found to be highest in methanol extract(386.22 mg/g) followed by ethyl acetate(190.89 mg/g).chloroform(175.89 mg/g).hexane(173.44 mg/g).and Imtanol extract (131.72 mg/g) and the phenolic contents not detected in essential oil.The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil and different extracts as ascorbic acid standard was in the order of methanol extract】ethyl acetate extract】chloroform】butanol】hexane extract also the antioxidant activity was not detected in essential oil.Conclusions:The findings show that the extent of antioxidant activity of the essential oil and all extracts are in accordance with the amount of phenolics present in that extract.Leaves of Tetrastigma being rich in phenolics may provide a good source of antioxidant.

Total Organic Carbon Enrichment and Source Rock Evaluation of the Lower Miocene Rocks Based on Well Logs: October Oil Field, Gulf of Suez-Egypt

October oil field is one of the largest hydrocarbon-bearing fields which produces oil from the sand section of the Lower Miocene Asl Formation. Two marl (Asl Marl) and shale (Hawara Formation) sections of possible source enrichment are detected above and below this oil sand section, respectively. This study aims to identify the content of the total organic carbon based on the density log and a combination technique of the resistivity and porosity logs (Δlog R Technique). The available geochemical analyses are used to calibrate the constants of the TOC and the level of maturity (LOM) used in the (Δlog R Technique). The geochemical-based LOM is found as 9.0 and the calibrated constants of the Asl Marl and Hawara Formation are found as 11.68, 3.88 and 8.77, 2.80, respectively. Fair to good TOC% content values (0.88 to 1.85) were recorded for Asl Marl section in the majority of the studied wells, while less than 0.5% is recorded for the Hawara Formation. The lateral distribution maps show that most of the TOC% enrichments are concentrated at central and eastern parts of the study area, providing a good source for the hydrocarbons encountered in the underlying Asl Sand section.

废油中总铝含量的测定及对洗涤塔操作的指导

介绍了使用化学分析法对聚丙烯装置废油中总铝含量进行测试的方法,指导工艺对洗涤塔进行洗涤油更换和压缩机操作调整。该方法操作简便,分析精度较高,非常适合生产过程中的快速分析。

An Assessment Study of Usefulness of Using Olive (<i>Olea europaea</i>L.) Leaves in Biomonitoring the Air Pollution near Baniyas Oil Refinery, Syria: Estimating of Total Phenolic Compounds and Lead, Copper and Manganese in Olive Leaves

The aim of this study was to estimate the total amount of phenolic compounds of olive trees leaves (Olea europaea L.) as a biomarker for the assessment of heavy metals (HMs) air pollution (Pb, Cu and Mn) in Baniyas area. Olive trees were selected as the predominant species in the study area. Samples were collected from 6 locations at different distances from the vicinity of Baniyas refinery (0.1, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 10) Km. The control was taken from an area about 20 km from the refinery to the north-east (Al-Qardaha rural). The concentration of total phenolic compounds (TPC) during the summer was (45.6 - 70.85) mg GAE/g dw, and during winter (35.6 - 52.9) mg GAE/g dw. The concentrations of the studied HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) in unwashed leaves during summer were (0.879 - 2.170) ppm, (0.75 - 5.21) ppm and (54.38 - 8.78) ppm respectively, whilst during the winter concentrations were (0.479 - 1.023) ppm, (1.54 - 7.29) ppm and (53.79 - 7.58) ppm respectively. The results showed significant differences in the concentration of total phenolic compounds and HMs (Pb, Cu and Mn) between sites (ANOVA), significant differences in concentrations of both total phenols and HMs (Pb and Cu) between summer and winter at all sites (t-test, p < 0.05). TPC, Pb and Mn were higher in summer in all sites than in winter. Levels of Cu were significantly higher in winter than in summer at all sites (t-test, p t-test, p < 0.05) between the concentration of total phenolic compounds and both Pb and Mn with the distance from the refinery of Baniyas. Consequently, the result of this study enhanced the usefulness of using of TPC in olive leaves as biomarker of air pollution.

高纯液氨中痕量油分检测方法

介绍了气体中油分检测的多种方法,比较了各方法的原理与适用范围。根据液氨中油分杂质的特性,提出了用总有机碳分析仪对痕量油分进行分析的新方法,该方法检出限为0.0015 mg/kg。液氨中有机碳为0.01~1.0 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为0.29%~4.40%,加标回收率为99.64%~107.14%,可以实现高纯液氨中痕量油分的准确定量。

基于Stacking算法集成学习的页岩油储层总有机碳含量评价方法

总有机碳含量(TOC)是页岩油储层评价的重要参数,而传统总有机碳含量测井评价方法精度较低且普适性较差,机器学习模型在一定程度上提高了总有机碳含量预测精度,但结果存在不稳定性。为了进一步提高页岩油储层总有机碳含量预测精度,基于有机质岩石物理特征和不同总有机碳含量测井响应特征的深入分析,优选出深侧向电阻率、声波时差、补偿中子和密度测井曲线作为总有机碳含量的敏感测井响应,并将其作为输入特征,以岩心分析总有机碳含量作为期望输出值,分别建立了决策树模型、支持向量回归机模型、BP(Back Propagation)神经网络模型,并建立了以决策树模型为基模型、支持向量回归机模型为元模型的Stacking算法集成学习模型。利用B油田A区块的岩心样本数据和实际井数据对不同模型预测总有机碳含量结果进行了验证,结果表明,基于Stacking算法的集成学习模型的总有机碳含量预测精度最高,相较于决策树模型、支持向量回归机模型、BP神经网络模型和改进的ΔlgR法,预测精度有较大提高。因此,基于Stacking算法的集成学习模型为该研究区最有效的总有机碳含量计算方法,这为准确地评估页岩油储层的生烃潜力、确保页岩油储层的高效开采及资源利用奠定了基础。

沧东凹陷孔二段页岩生排烃效率及对含油性的影响

渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段页岩油资源潜力巨大,且通过水平井钻控获得了稳产工业油流。应用常规热解和分步热解技术,优化生排烃物质平衡法,提出了基于原始生烃潜力和现今残余生烃潜力的页岩生烃和排烃效率氢指数平衡计算方法,并探索成熟度以外孔二段页岩排烃效率的主控因素及其与含油性的关系。选取深度和成熟度较为接近的样品,以排除成熟度这一公认的生排烃效率指标的影响。结果表明,页岩有机质丰度和类型、微观孔隙结构和岩石类型等是控制其生排烃效率的重要因素。Ⅲ型干酪根产物以轻烃为主,排烃效率变化大且普遍高于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干酪根。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干酪根在TOC超过3%以后,排烃效率随TOC的增加而增大。墨水瓶型孔对液态烃的滞留能力强于狭缝型孔;对气态烃而言墨水瓶型孔反而是利于排烃的优势通道。纹层状页岩比薄层状页岩具有更低的排烃效率。生排烃共同控制着页岩的含油量,页岩中含油量与排烃效率整体呈负相关,但与生烃潜力、生烃效率和滞留烃率的乘积呈明显的正相关性,展示了生排烃效率计算方法的可靠性和实用性。

补阳还五汤单味药-复方提取过程中挥发性成分传递性研究

目的采用总量统计矩法分析补阳还五汤复方与单味药(中药饮片)挥发油指纹图谱,研究补阳还五汤中单味药-复方提取过程中质量的传递性和稳定性。方法分别采用水蒸气蒸馏法获取补阳还五汤复方及组方药材挥发油,建立气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)指纹图谱,计算分析复方与单味药总量统计矩各参数的传递规律,并分析复方和单味药挥发性成分的变化。结果建立补阳还五汤GC-MS测定方法,获得组方药材和复方指纹图谱总量统计矩参数。复方挥发油图谱得到65个成分,其中45个化合物来自组方药材挥发油。药材至复方总体挥发性成分的传递性为88.74%,说明药材及复方在成分和含量上遵循Hard-Weinberg平衡,也验证了指纹图谱总量统计矩的加合性。结论该方法为补阳还五汤质量控制提供了方法支撑,统计矩的加合性能阐述药材-复方的传递性,旨为经典名方质量控制方面提供一种新思路。

Bongor盆地页岩油储层测井评价方法及应用

针对乍得Bongor盆地Baobab区块的页岩油主力储层的评价研究不足的问题,亟需建立一套综合的页岩油资源评价方法。为全面分析页岩油储层特性,收集和整理了Bongor盆地测井、录井和岩心分析数据,对总有机碳含量、孔隙度、含水饱和度和脆性指数等关键参数进行研究。充分利用岩心标定测井和数值模拟等技术建立针对性的页岩油油气评价方法。实际应用表明,该研究建立的评价方法显著提高了勘探效益,并在Bongor盆地Baobab构造带成功识别有机质含量高、物性良好和易于压裂的页岩油储层。试油结果与测井解释高度一致,验证了评价方法的准确性和可靠性。该方法不仅为Bongor盆地页岩油的勘探开发提供了有力支持,也为其他类似区域的勘探开发提供了可借鉴的经验。

催化裂解装置灵活调节化工品与油品的总流程方案研究

面对国内炼油产能过剩的局面,炼油厂向化工转型势在必行。由于油品市场与化工品市场均具有强周期性,因此炼油厂在转型过程中需要提高清洁油品与化工原料的生产灵活性,以实现炼油厂营业收入最大化。以国内炼油厂典型总流程加工路线为基础,设计了虚拟炼油厂,针对该虚拟炼油厂,研究设计了以催化裂解为核心手段的总流程灵活转型规划方案:裂解汽油经加氢抽提装置生产化工品、裂解汽油经适当处理后通过S Zorb装置生产清洁油品。在原油加工总量不变的情况下,与基础方案相比:催化裂解生产化工品方案的汽油和柴油总产率下降了11.20百分点,烯烃、芳烃产率分别上升了5.15、6.39百分点;催化裂解生产清洁油品方案的汽油和柴油总产率下降了3.55百分点,烯烃、芳烃产率分别上升了4.69、2.15百分点。

采摘时间对甘肃庆阳产区酸枣仁品质的影响

酸枣仁是苁蓉补肾丸、人参归脾丸、补脑丸等几十种中成药的重要原料,随着酸枣的市场需求量逐年攀升其收购价也逐年上涨。但酸枣多野生,资源有限,甘肃庆阳地区出现“抢青”采摘、毁柱采摘等现象,不利于酸枣资源的可持续发展。为了分析采摘时间对酸枣仁品质的影响,于2023年9月8日至10月20日收集了甘肃庆阳产区不同采摘时间的酸枣仁,检测了其中油脂、总黄酮、总皂苷、粗多糖成分的含量。结果表明,“抢青”采摘导致酸枣仁油脂、总黄酮、总皂苷、粗多糖成分的含量都严重偏低,酸枣仁品质下降,10月初甘肃庆阳产区的酸枣仁功效成分含量基本稳定,建议庆阳地区对酸枣采收时间进行干预,将酸枣采收时间控制在10月左右。

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区勘探突破及启示

柴达木盆地西部干柴沟地区历经60余年勘探未获重大油气发现。2019年以来,通过强化山地三维地震勘探技术攻关和深化高原咸化湖相混积型碳酸盐岩成储、成藏研究,油气勘探终获突破,发现了古近系下干柴沟组构造油气藏,同时英雄岭页岩油和湖相碳酸盐岩岩性油气藏勘探也展现出良好前景。研究成果主要得益于以下几点:①高品质三维地震资料揭示干柴沟地下构造形态,发现东翼发育断背斜,为油气聚集提供了有利圈闭条件;②大面积咸化湖相混积碳酸盐岩具备储集能力,碎屑岩、湖相碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩层在纵、横向上均呈有序分布,构成了良好的生-储-盖组合;③基于全油气系统理论,认为研究区常规油气(源外)和非常规油气(源内)立体成藏。剖析干柴沟地区油气勘探历程发现:①地震勘探技术进步是干柴沟复杂构造区地下构造圈闭得以落实和油气地质特征得以揭示的基础;②干旱咸化湖盆发育的大面积混积碳酸盐岩不仅是烃源岩而且具备储集能力,这一认识拓展了勘探领域,是勘探取得突破的关键;③全油气系统理论的引入,推动油气勘探向源内拓展,揭示了英雄岭页岩油的良好勘探前景。

红松子油皮诺敛酸靶向脂质合成关键酶HMGCR保护冠脉内皮细胞的作用研究

本研究主要围绕红松子油中的活性成分皮诺敛酸(PLA)靶向脂质合成关键酶HMGCR保护冠脉内皮细胞的作用进行探讨,并就其在动脉粥样硬化(AS)防治领域的应用作出理论指导。采用H2O2作用于HCAEC建立细胞损伤模型,将PLA和HMGCR进行分子对接,CCK8法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察HCAEC细胞形态,TC试剂盒测定HCAEC中TC含量,免疫荧光法及Western blot法检测HCAEC中HMGCR的表达水平。结果表明,PLA与HMGCR具有强相互作用,在PLA干预下细胞存活率有明显提高、细胞形态有较好改善、HCAEC中TC含量下降、HMGCR表达水平降低。PLA能够通过与HMGCR互作显著抑制HCAEC中HMGCR的表达,从而减少细胞内总胆固醇的水平,为冠脉内皮细胞损伤提供保护,为AS的预防和治疗提供理论依据。

准噶尔盆地东部残留海相凹陷勘探实践及全油气系统

准噶尔盆地东部石钱滩凹陷为残留海相凹陷,近年来多口井在石钱滩组获高产天然气,且凹陷各部位不同层系均见到油气显示,揭示了其良好的油气勘探潜力及全油气系统特征。基于地震、钻井、测井、有机地球化学等资料,对石钱滩凹陷形成及演化、全油气系统形成条件及油气成藏模式进行了研究。晚石炭世的北天山洋壳俯冲及海水侵入,使得石钱滩地区发育陆源供给的海相中等—优质烃源岩,该烃源岩处于成熟—高成熟阶段;储集层类型齐全,发育石炭系火山岩、石钱滩组海相碎屑岩和二叠系金沟组陆相碎屑岩,在这几类储集层中均有油气成藏;受石钱滩组烃源岩生烃演化及多类型储集层特征的控制,形成了凹陷区页岩气藏—斜坡区致密油气藏—高部位常规油气藏的分布模式,具有非常规油气藏与常规油气藏有序共生的全油气系统特征。基于全油气系统理论,针对石钱滩凹陷,应在近源斜坡区寻找致密油气藏,在源上断阶带及构造高部位寻找构造-岩性油气藏及火山岩风化壳油气藏,在源内寻找海相页岩天然气藏;北疆石炭系近源有利岩性相带、山前冲断掩伏构造、盆内古隆起和斜坡区是有利的勘探区域,应围绕凹陷区页岩油气藏、环凹陷区致密砂岩油气藏、高部位常规油气藏和隆起区火山岩风化壳油气藏展开勘探。

柴达木盆地柴西坳陷古近系-新近系石油地质特征与油气环带状分布模式

柴达木盆地柴西坳陷古近系-新近系石油资源丰富,常规石油与页岩油分别占全盆地常规石油资源的82.4%和非常规页岩油资源的100%。通过研究沉积储层与石油地质特征,剖析柴西坳陷古近系-新近系沉积相和油气成藏特征,提出了油气环带状分布模式。研究认为:①柴西坳陷古近系-新近系沉积相带呈“环带状”分布。外环带为三角洲与滩坝相,以碎屑岩沉积为主,碳酸盐岩沉积较少,发育砾岩、含砾粗砂岩和中-粗砂岩储层。中环带以滨浅湖灰云坪、灰泥坪相沉积为主,发育细砂岩、粉砂岩、灰云岩及藻灰岩,藻灰岩是中环带最具特色且孔隙度最高的岩相类型。内环带以半深湖-深湖相细粒混积岩沉积为主,发育深灰、暗灰色细粒沉积岩,是古近系-新近系最主要的烃源岩发育区。②不同沉积相环带内油藏类型不同。外环带距离生烃灶较远,油气经断层输导在砾岩、粗砂岩等碎屑岩中聚集,形成构造油气藏。中环带紧邻主力生烃灶,油气经断层输导在藻灰岩等碳酸盐岩储层中储集,形成构造-岩性油气藏。内环带油气短距离运移或原位滞留在细粒混积岩中源-储一体,形成页岩油。柴西坳陷从源外到源内,构造-岩性油气藏与页岩油纵向上相互叠置,平面上构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏与页岩油呈环带状分布。

气相色谱-质谱法测定牡丹籽油中的总甾醇含量

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定牡丹籽油中β-谷甾醇、麦角甾醇、菜油甾醇、菜籽甾醇的含量,结果显示麦角甾醇、菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇在1~50μg·m L^(-1)线性良好,相关系数≥0.99744,回收率为75.6%~96.1%,RSD为0.39%~3.87%。牡丹籽油中总甾醇含量从高到低依次为β-谷甾醇、麦角甾醇、菜油甾醇,其中β-谷甾醇的平均含量为27.44 g·kg^(-1)。通过对牡丹籽油中甾醇含量进行测定和分析,可为相关企业挖掘牡丹籽油特色功能、发现特色指标提供数据支撑。

响应面法优化3味山姜属中药挥发油提取工艺及总抗氧化能力研究

目的优化高良姜、大高良姜、红豆蔻3味山姜属中药的挥发油提取工艺,并研究其体外抗氧化能力。方法基于单因素实验结果,以3味山姜属中药挥发油得率为指标,料液比、浸泡时间、提取时间为考察因素,水蒸气蒸馏法为提取方法,采用Box-Behnken响应面法确定3味山姜属中药挥发油的最优提取条件;采用FRAP法与ABTS自由基清除法对3味山姜属中药挥发油进行体外总抗氧化能力测定。结果高良姜挥发油最优提取工艺为料液比1∶10.4,浸泡时间31 min,提取时间6.2 h;大高良姜挥发油最优提取工艺为料液比1∶12.4,浸泡时间84 min,提取时间7.3 h;红豆蔻挥发油最优提取工艺为料液比1∶12.3,浸泡时间90 min,提取时间6.5 h。相同浓度下,3味山姜属中药挥发油Fe3+还原能力排序为红豆蔻>大高良姜≈高良姜,Trolox当量总抗氧化能力排序为红豆蔻≈大高良姜>高良姜。结论Box-Behnken响应面法操作简便,优化结果直观,预测准确;所得3味山姜属中药挥发油提取最优工艺方案稳定性高,重复性好;3味山姜属中药挥发油具有较好的体外抗氧化活性。