Determination of Total Polyphenols in Different Extraction Fractions of Pholidota chinensis Lindl.and Their Antioxidant Activity

[Objectives]This study was conducted to study the total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of different extraction fractions of Pholidota chinensis.[Methods]Different polar fractions of P.chinensis were obtained by ultrasonic extraction method,and determined for polyphenol contents by UV spectrophotometry,and their antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP).SPSS analysis software was used to analyze the correlation between total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of different extracts.[Results]The contents of total polyphenols in different polar fractions ranged from 1.52 to 6.41 mg/g,and the order from low to high was:water<petroleum ether<ethyl acetate<95%ethanol.The reduction capacity of the total antioxidant capacity method ranged from 12.54 to 22.45μmol/L,and the order was 95%ethanol>ethyl acetate>petroleum ether>water.The DPPH median inhibition concentration ranged from 0.35 to 2.65 mg/ml,and the order was water>petroleum ether>ethyl acetate>95%ethanol.The total polyphenol content of P.chinensis was best in the 95%ethanol extraction fraction,which showed the strongest total antioxidant capacity,so the total polyphenol content of the 95%ethanol fraction was positively correlated with its antioxidant capacity,while the DPPH free radical-scavenging capacity was better in the water fraction,indicating that the free radical-scavenging capacity of the water fraction was better.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the chemical components of P.chinensis and the development and utilization of natural antioxidants.

Effects of Pulp Preconditioning on Total Polyphenols, O-diphenols and Anthocyanin Concentrations during Fermentation and Drying of Cocoa （Theobroma cacao） Beans

Changes in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanin concentrations during fermentation and drying of pulp pre-conditioned cocoa （Theobroma cacao） beans were investigated using standard analytical methods. Increasing pod storage, fermentation and drying led to variable reductions in total polyphenols, O-diphenols and anthocyanins content of the beans. The rates of reduction were however more pronounced during fermentation than pod storage and drying. Storage of cocoa pods between 3-7 days with 6 and 7 days of fermentation and drying respectively retained 85%-90% of the total polyphenol and O-diphenols of the cocoa beans. Similarly, anthocyanin content of beans from the 10 days of pod storage decreased by 70% in the sixth day of fermentation. Pod storage decreased the anthocyanin content at all periods of fermentation. These suggest that the post-harvest treatments of pod storage, fermentation and drying all results in variable reductions in polyphenolic content （total polyphenols and O-diphenols） and anthocyanins content of cocoa beans.

Microwave-low-pressure process(MWLP):An effective technology applied in extraction of total polyphenols

The microwave-low-pressure process(MWLP)of total polyphenols from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit was studied,and the advantages of MWLP were further evaluated by comparing with ultra high pressure(UHP)and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE).The influences of liquid/solid ratio,extraction time,pressure,and ethanol concentration on the performance of MWLP were investigated.Thereafter,the interactive variables were further optimized by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model on the basis of the previous univariate analysis.The results showed that temperature as an intermediate variable in MWLP significantly affected the yields of polyphenols and 3-o-caffeoyl-quinic acid,which was determined by pressure and ethanol concentration.The optimized parameters were proved to be valid because the results predicted by the stepwise multiple quadratic regression model equations fit well with the experimental results.Compared with UHP,the predominance of MWLP was that the extraction time was shortened and the cost of extraction equipment was lowered.MWLP is an effective technology since MWLP was superior to MAE based on extraction yield,solvent loss and reproducibility.

Correlation between Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Different Echinacea Purpurea Varieties

Objective:Polyphenols are complex compounds containing multiple phenolic hydroxyl groups.They are widely distributed in plants and have antioxidant activities.Whether the antioxidant activities of the cultivated varieties of Echinacea are similar to or better than those of the wild ones and the relationship between the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant activities are still not clear.Methods:Folin-Ciocalteu method,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging assay,ferric ion reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6)-sulfonic acid(ABTS)radical scavenging assay,and Fe^(2+)chelating ability assay were used,respectively,to detect the total polyphenols and 5 kinds of caffeic acid derivatives(chicoric acid,caffeic acid,caftaric acid,chlorogenic acid,and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)in the roots,stems,leaves,and flowers,and the antioxidant activities of 3 varieties of Echinacea:E.purpurea L.,cultivar E.purpurea'Aloha',and E.purpurea'White Swan'.Results:E.purpurea L.had the highest contents of total polyphenols,5 caffeic acid derivatives and antioxidant activities,followed by E.purpurea'White Swan'and E.purpurea'Aloha',respectively.E.purpurea'White Swan'had the strongest ability to remove the DPPH,ABTS·^(+)and free radicals,and to chelate Fe^(2+);E.purpurea L.had the strongest ability to reduce FRAP.The correlation analyses revealed that the contents of total polyphenols and caffeic acid derivatives of E.purpurea L.and E.purpurea'White Swan'were correlated with their antioxidant activities.Conclusion:E.purpurea L.was the most appropriate material for the development of medicinal plants.E.purpurea'White Swan'could be used as a substitute for E.purpurea L.in terms of its antioxidant activity.

Optimization of extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel by orthogonal experiment design and antioxidant activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.

Study on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity and Total Phenol Content of Docynia indica

[Objectives] To study the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and total phenol content of Docynia indica .[Methods] The tender branches and petioles of the medicinal and edible plant D. indica were used as experimental materials, and the annual changes of total phenol content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were analyzed.[Results] pH 7.0 was the optimum value of polyphenol oxidase activity in D. indica plants;the best substrate was catechol with the concentration of 0.15 mol/L;the optimum temperature was 25 ℃.[Conclusions] The total phenol content of D. indica plants was the lowest in April, May and September of each year. The polyphenol oxidase activity of D. indica plants at flowering and fruiting stage was significantly higher than that at pre-flowering stage.

响应面法优化马齿苋总多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

以马齿苋为原料,采用超声辅助提取马齿苋总多酚。以总多酚提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化提取工艺,并分析马齿苋总多酚的抗氧化活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为液料比30:1(mL/g)提取温度45℃、乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40min,在此条件下马齿苋总多酚提取量为6.89mg/g。抗氧化试验表明,马齿苋总多酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。

超声波处理与纤维素酶协同提取山楂总多酚的工艺优化研究

目的:优化超声波处理与纤维素酶协同提取山楂总多酚的工艺条件。方法:以总多酚得率为指标,采用单因素实验和响应面法优化山楂总多酚的提取工艺。结果:最佳工艺条件为:纤维素酶添加量5%、乙醇体积分数62%、超声温度58℃、液料比40:1(mL/g)、超声功率240 W、超声时间30 min。在此条件下,山楂总多酚的得率为(80.46±1.62)mg/g。结论:该优化工艺简便、可行,可为山楂多酚的深入研究开发提供科学依据。

葡萄干总黄酮和多酚成分的富集纯化及其对卷烟抽吸质量的影响

为解决植物粗提物在卷烟中的应用受限问题,充分发挥天然植物多元成分在卷烟加香加料的作用,利用纯水、50%乙醇溶液和90%乙醇溶液对葡萄干进行提取得到粗提物,利用D101大孔树脂通过不同浓度乙醇溶液洗脱对葡萄干粗提物进行纯化,得到葡萄干精制物,采用紫外分光光度法检测精制前后的总黄酮和多酚的含量变化,评价葡萄干粗提物、精制物在卷烟中的应用效果。结果表明:(1)不同提取溶剂获得的葡萄干粗提物总黄酮含量差异明显,50%乙醇粗提物总黄酮含量最高,为4.437 9 mg/g,粗提物中均不含多酚;(2)经大孔树脂富集后,30%乙醇洗脱流份中的总黄酮和多酚含量最高,纯水、50%乙醇和90%乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量分别为7.21%、16.04%和15.43%,多酚含量分别达到3.72%、5.50%、7.66%,实现了有效成分的富集;(3)葡萄干精制物对卷烟烟气的修饰作用明显优于粗提物,其中10%乙醇和30%乙醇洗脱精制物在柔和烟气、增加烟气量和改善抽吸品质方面效果更佳。

Discussion of the Composition of Jaboticaba in Different Processes

This study discusses the composition analysis and comparison of Jaboticaba under different processing conditions for fermented liquid, jam, fruit powder, and fruit vinegar. The differences and comparison of the contents of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol, superoxide dismutase, small molecular peptides and ellagic acid in their products were analyzed. After analysis and comparison of results, the content of total polyphenols was found to be the highest 44.82 ± 0.89 (mg/g) after being fermented directly from fresh fruit. The fresh fruit was dried at low temperature and ground into powder, with a maximum ellagic acid content of 12.799 ± 0.12 (mg/g). Fresh fruit was then made into jam, with the highest anthocyanin content of 57.39 ± 1.20 (mg/g). The fruit vinegar was produced by fermentation. Except for the content of small molecule peptides, which was similar to the content of fermentation broth and fruit powder, they were 20.63 ± 1.61, 23.84 ± 2.51 and 20.52 ± 1.21 (mg/g), and the rest of the composition was not as good as other samples. In the fresh fruit fermentation broth samples, resveratrol was produced and detected, and its content was 2.14 (mg/L), while it was not detected in other samples, and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzyme was detected in the fresh fruit fermentation broth. The highest activity was 49002.5 units/mL. Jaboticaba is prepared using a fermentation broth processing method with fresh fruit, and its total polyphenol content is higher than that of fruit powder, jam, and fruit vinegar. The commercial value of Jaboticaba and the establishment of composition content data are relatively improved, which is more promising for the future.

Phytochemical Screening and Assays of Phenolic Compounds in Senna occidentalis L. Leaf and Seed Extracts

Phytochemical screening and assay of secondary metabolites, crude extracts with distilled water, aqueous methanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol of leaves and seeds of Senna occidentalis L. were studied in this work. The aim was to verify the distribution of secondary metabolites according to S. occidentalis organs. Four leaf samples from four different localities (South, East, West and Central Senegal) and a mixed sample of seeds were used. Functional molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were then assessed in the leaves and seeds using various standard methods. The results show that Senna occidentalis L. leaf and seed samples display an identical and homogeneous profile, regardless of locality. They contain secondary metabolites and the polyphenol content of extracts from southern, eastern, western and central leaves is: 0.620 - 0.539 - 0.811 - 0.573 g GAE/100 g DM;flavonoids: 0.064 - 0.074 - 0.130 - 0.101 g CE/100 g DM and tannins: 0.326 - 0.264 - 0.269 - 0.494 g TAE/100 g DM. The efficacy of S. occidentalis L. infusions in therapy is thus justified by the presence of these metabolites, whose biological properties are well known. It is then possible to explore isolation of active principles of Senna occidentalis L. leaves and even seeds for producing medicines.

不同产地桑叶总黄酮总多酚含量及抗氧化活性的研究

通过超声提取8个产地的桑叶(新疆吐鲁番、新疆喀什白桑、喀什药桑、四川宜宾、安徽亳州、安徽太和、广东化州、陕西商洛)及中检院标准品桑叶中的总黄酮、总多酚,对9种桑叶提取的总黄酮、总多酚含量进行测定,并比较其抗氧化活性。采用单因素实验研究料液比、提取溶剂浓度、超声功率、提取时间等影响因素对桑叶总黄酮和总多酚含量提取率的影响。结果显示,料液比1∶60 g/mL,乙醇浓度60%,超声功率200 W,提取时间30 min为最佳提取工艺。宜宾、吐鲁番桑叶的总黄酮、总多酚含量较高;宜宾、吐鲁番、亳州桑叶抗氧化能力较强。各产地桑叶总黄酮及总多酚含量与抗氧化活性存在正相关。本研究可为不同产地的桑叶开发提供依据。

超声协同低共熔溶剂提取紫丁香花多酚工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

为建立一种环保高效的紫丁香花多酚提取方法并研究丁香花多酚的抗氧化活性,本研究采用了超声协同低共熔溶剂法(Deep Eutectic Solvents,DESs)对紫丁香花多酚进行提取。首先,筛选出氯化胆碱-苹果酸(摩尔比1:1.5)作为提取溶剂,以单因素实验结果的基础上,选取提取温度、超声时间、料液比、超声功率为优化关键因素,多酚提取量为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法进行优化,并研究紫丁香多酚对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力。结果表明,在提取温度60℃,超声时间60 min,料液比1:30 g/mL,超声功率300 W时,紫丁香多酚提取量可达52.19±0.13 mg/g,显著高于传统水提法和有机溶剂(60%乙醇、甲醇)提取法(P<0.05)。体外抗氧化实验表明,当紫丁香花多酚浓度为2.0 mg/mL时,对DPPH和羟基自由基清除率分别为93.28%和52.57%。综上,超声协同低共熔溶剂提取法能够绿色、高效地提取紫丁香多酚物质,为紫丁香提取和深度开发提供理论依据。

不同施肥模式对越南油茶饼的总多酚含量和抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同施肥模式对越南油茶饼总多酚含量和抗氧化活的影响,完善海南地区越南油茶施肥措施,促进越南油茶产业健康发展。设置常量复合肥(M1)、减量复合肥+蚯蚓土(M2)、减量复合肥+蚯蚓土+生物肥(M3),减量复合肥+中微量元素缓释肥(M4),减量复合肥+植物调节剂专用复合肥(M5)以及不施肥的对照组(CK)6组不同的施肥模式,测定不同施肥模式下越南油茶饼提取物的总多酚的含量,同时应用FRAP法、DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基(—OH)清除法以及ABTS自由基清除法测得其抗氧化活性。结果表明:M1、M3、M4处理的越南油茶饼总多酚含量以及抗氧化活性均较CK高,其中,处理M4的总多酚含量以及抗氧化活性最高。此外,在施用复合肥的基础上增施中微量元素缓释肥能够进一步增强越南油茶饼的总多酚含量和抗氧化活性。因此,在实际生产中可以通过施用复合肥搭配中微量元素缓释肥提高越南油茶饼的品质。

东方山羊豆营养成分测定及提取物抗氧化活性评价

【目的】测定东方山羊豆营养成分及提取物抗氧化活性,探索不同提取溶剂对东方山羊豆提取物抗氧化活性的影响,为东方山羊豆相关功能性产品的开发提供理论参考。【方法】参考国家标准测定东方山羊豆中常规营养成分含量;以水和浓度为30%、50%、70%、90%的乙醇溶液分别提取东方山羊豆,对应获得提取物A~E;采用三氯化铝比色法、福林酚法、苯酚-硫酸法分别测定东方山羊豆提取物中总黄酮、总多酚和总多糖含量;以DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力为指标评价东方山羊豆体外抗氧化活性,并对东方山羊豆提取物总黄酮含量、总多酚含量、总多糖含量、DPPH自由基半抑制浓度(IC 50)、ABTS自由基IC 50和铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)值之间进行相关性分析。【结果】东方山羊豆中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、灰分含量分别为19.74%、2.53%、37.10%和8.79%。提取物B和C中总黄酮含量分别为97.56和100.78 mg/g,提取物C中总多酚和总多糖含量分别为89.91和38.69 mg/g,均显著高于其他提取物(P<0.05);提取物C和D中DPPH自由基IC 50分别为0.13和0.11 mg/mL,ABTS自由基IC_(50)分别为0.73和0.74 mg/mL,均显著低于其他提取物(P<0.05);提取物C和D中FRAP值分别为1497.87和1431.85 mmol/g,均显著高于其他提取物(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,东方山羊豆提取物中总黄酮、总多酚含量与DPPH、ABTS自由基IC 50呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与总抗氧化能力呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】东方山羊豆粗蛋白质、粗脂肪以及矿物质元素等营养成分丰富,具有较高的饲用价值。东方山羊豆提取物中总黄酮和总多酚的含量与抗氧化活性具有强相关性,其中50%乙醇提取物中总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,抗氧化活性最强。

7种海南特色茶抗氧化活性及总多酚、总黄酮含量的测定

为了深入探索海南地方特色茶的抗氧化活性及总多酚、总黄酮含量的差异,本研究对7种海南特色茶(辣木茶、苦丁茶、五指山绿茶、白沙绿茶、五指山红茶、兰贵人和鹧鸪茶)提取液的抗氧化活性及总多酚、总黄酮含量进行测定。结果表明:不同品种茶叶的抗氧化活性存在差异,茶叶提取液的抗氧化活性与样品浓度均表现出量效关系,同时热稳定性较好。7种茶的总多酚和总黄酮含量分别在9.80%~22.84%和0.90%~4.67%之间,五指山绿茶的总多酚含量最高,是辣木茶的2.33倍;苦丁茶、五指山红茶、兰贵人、鹧鸪茶的总多酚含量差异不显著。五指山绿茶的总黄酮含量最高,是辣木茶的5.18倍;五指山红茶、兰贵人、鹧鸪茶总黄酮含量差异不显著,五指山绿茶的总多酚和总黄酮含量均为7种茶叶中最高。7种茶叶提取液均具有抗氧化还原能力,并且茶叶中的茶多酚含量、总黄酮含量与自由基清除能力呈现良好的量效关系,辣木茶的清除ABTS能力最强,五指山红茶的清除超氧自由基能力最强,白沙绿茶整体的抗氧化效果最好,其还原能力、DPPH清除能力、羟自由基清除能力最强。7种茶叶提取液在不同温度条件和沸水孵育,其抗氧化性并未发生显著变化,说明7种茶叶提取液的热稳定性较佳。研究表明供试7种茶不仅富含总多酚和总黄酮,而且具有较强的抗氧化活性,为海南特色茶的进一步开发利用提供理论基础。

疏花蔷薇花总多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

以疏花蔷薇花中总多酚、鞣花酸、浸膏得率的综合评分作为评价指标,采用单因素试验结合响应面法优化疏花蔷薇花总多酚的提取工艺参数,并测定所得提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力及其还原能力。结果表明,疏花蔷薇花总多酚最佳提取工艺参数为采用55%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶25(g/mL),回流提取2次、90 min/次,所得提取物的浸膏得率为(51.36±0.78)%,总多酚含量为(141.36±2.07)mg/g,鞣花酸含量为(13.46±0.14)mg/g,与模型预测值相当。疏花蔷薇花提取物对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基清除率的半抑制浓度(the half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))值分别为0.02、0.03 mg/mL,还原能力较强。

黄蜀葵花提取物中总黄酮与总多酚含量测定及体外抑菌与抗氧化活性研究

采用比色法测定了不同产地黄蜀葵花提取物(Abelmoschi corolla extracts,ACE)中的总黄酮和总多酚含量,通过琼脂打孔法和微量稀释法研究了ACE的体外抑菌活性,并通过DPPH法、ABTS法和FRAP法评价了ACE的抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同产地ACE中总黄酮和总多酚含量差别不大,安徽ACE中的总黄酮含量最高,为(4.68±0.37)mg·g^(-1),陕西ACE中的总多酚含量最高,为(1.48±0.11)mg·g^(-1);ACE具有一定的体外抑菌活性,能显著抑制变异链球菌的生长,且呈浓度依赖性,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为3 mg·mL^(-1)和6 mg·mL^(-1);ACE具有一定的抗氧化活性,能够清除DPPH、ABTS等自由基,且在一定浓度范围内呈量效关系。

中药山药及其伪品主要化学成分比较分析

目的建立中药山药总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮和总多酚4类活性成分的含量测定方法,比较中药山药及其伪品中成分含量的差异并实现山药正伪品的分类。方法收集不同产地和来源的28批中药山药和15批伪品,采用紫外-可见分光光度计测定4类成分的含量,并进行多元统计分析。结果山药及其伪品均含有4类活性成分,且总多糖含量最高,占比约为山药重量的20%,在所测定的4类成分中,占比超90%。基于4类成分的含量可实现山药及其伪品各组之间的分类,并且总多酚的含量对分类的贡献最大。山药各主产区之间成分含量相近,无显著品质差异。结论实验方法准确、可靠,中药山药4类活性成分的含量可实现山药及其伪品各组之间的分类,为基于功效物质基础的山药质量控制以及山药种植资源提供科学依据。

Determination of Residual Catechins, Polyphenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Developed Theaflavin-3,3’-Digallate Rich Black Teas

This study was carried out to characterize total residual catechins and their fractions, polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of black teas enriched with high levels of theaflavin-3,3’-digallate. The made teas were processed from eleven selected cultivars. A comparative study was carried out between the processed teas and those from commercially grown Kenyan cultivars in relation to the above chemical parameters. A correlation matrix analysis was also conducted to find out whether a relationship existed between the antioxidant activities and the said chemical parameters. The total residual catechins were found to range between 3.10% and 8.08%. The total polyphenol levels varied between 19.00% and 28.90%, while the antioxidant activities of the teas ranged from 82.70% to 91.70%. There was a significant p < 0.001 correlation between the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols (r = 0.8948). There was also a high correlation p < 0.001 between the antioxidant activity and total catechins (r = 0.8878). Out of the four catechin fractions, the antioxidant activity correlated most with EGCG (r = 0.8774). The total polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities for most of the cultivars were comparable to those of the green tea reference standard. From the figures obtained, it can be concluded that the most of the newly developed black teas of the selected cultivars have higher quality and enhanced antioxidant activities and that they can be recommended for commercial production.