Determinants of Ecotourism Trade in Cameroon

Trade in services accounts for a large and growing share of both production and employment in Cameroon. Services have been among the fastest-growing components of Cameroon’s trade portfolio in sectors like telecommunications, information and communication technology, finance, transport and construction. Cameroon is endowed with potentials in the provision of services such as tourism, particularly ecotourism. However, the development of ecotourism still appears to be in its infancy. The country is still short of the objective to qualify as a developed tourism destination by the World Tourism Organisation standards. This raises important policy research questions. This paper examines the ecological assets and investigates the determinants of ecotourism in Cameroon;using an annual panel data of both primary and secondary data to analyse the economic, social, psychological and political impacts of ecotourism on local communities. The results revealed that the income of the origin countries, the price and the supply of available amenities in Cameroon significantly affect the demand for ecotourism services from Cameroon. The paper concludes that ecotourism has double-barrel potential to promote trade growth and enhance the welfare of local communities.

Barter Trade Exchange to the Rescue of the Tourism and Travel Industry

South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry is a key sector in its economy as well as a significant job creator. The recent global economic turmoil is threatening the tourism industry; at the same time, global experts claim that tourism may be a key to overcoming economic difficulties and play a vital role in the green new deal. The purpose of the study is to introduce a new strategic option that has become increasingly attractive for troubled businesses-barter. While the study focuses on the advantages of this concept＇s recent refinements for South Africa＇s tourism and travel industry, its findings are also applicable to other countries. A survey of small and medium-sized enterprises （SME） from Europe and Turkey, as well as graduate students at an Israeli university, demonstrate the gap between familiarity with barter processes and their advantages and the actual scale of barter transactions in the supply chain, in order to enhance the economic performance of their tourism enterprises as well as the entire economy, providing evidence for the potential of adapting old proven concepts to the modem digital world.

OPENING UP NEW PROSPECTS FOR CHINA'S SERVICE TRADE LED BY TOURISM

Since the launch of the reform, China’s service trade has been growing at a much faster speed compared to that of the rest of the country’s economy and world trade. In developing commodity trade, we are also engaged in technology trade, service trade and international investment, making efforts to achieve fusion and mutual promotion. Now, we are speeding up the opening

An empirical study on the international competitiveness tourism trade in Mongolia

With the rapid development of world trade, tourism and trade in services plays a more important role in a country＇ s economic and trade activities, and as a measure of a country＇s international competitiveness of the important criteria. Tourism service trade competence if individual countries are becoming stronger.

Research on the Countermeasures of Smart Tourism Construction in Sanya Under the Background of Free Trade Port Construction

By analyzing the current situation of smart tourism construction in combination with the actual tourism situation in Sanya,this study aims to find out the problems existing in the current smart tourism construction and understand the various factors affecting the smart tourism construction in Sanya.Then,relevant theories and practical applications were used to study the ways to carry out smart tourism construction with the help of policy,location,and other advantages to meet the needs of the development of the times.Based on the study,practical countermeasures and suggestions were given to provide reference for the construction of smart tourism,ensure the continuous improvement of smart tourism construction,and help the upgrading and transformation of tourism in Sanya.Based on the analysis of the construction and data of smart tourism and tourism informatization in Sanya,this article has formed a useful method to help Sanya build an international tourist island and a modern smart tourism city using the Hainan Free Trade Port construction policy.

海南自贸港文旅产业区域协同发展的理论与实践

当前,海南自贸港文旅产业存在“小、散、同、粗”的不平衡、不协调状态,需要区域协同发展,以实现文化旅游资源、文化旅游信息、文化旅游市场、文化旅游发展空间等的共享,从整体上提升区域旅游的品牌影响力、旅游吸引力和市场竞争力。可通过构建与完善自贸港文旅产业区域协同发展重要机制,在宏观层面设计“四维协同路径”,在微观层面实施渐进式推进策略,来积极推动文旅产业区域协同发展,并助力旅游经济长期健康、持续、高质量发展。

“文商旅”融合视角下世界文化和旅游商品自由贸易中心的创建路径

“文商旅”融合是对文化、商业和旅游的三方资源进行整合,重构三者之间的关系,从而形成相互促进、共同发展、共享繁荣的经济态势。基于对金义片区的发展现状分析,该区在文化旅游、商业贸易等方面都具备先发优势与核心优势:一是商业活动发达,经济贡献显著;二是人文底蕴深厚,文化创意焕发;三是旅游资源丰富,精品项目频现;四是多元文化交融,多地民俗交织。在创建世界文化和旅游商品自由贸易中心方面提出以下路径:一是准确定位,开发三大旅游路线;二是发挥优势,融通三种品牌宣传平台;三是聚焦人才,打造一个文化双创高地,以供参考。

The Impetus for RCEP in Facilitating the High-quality Development of the Tourism Service Trade in Yunnan Province,China

The present world pattern has undergone major changes,the trend of world multi-polarization is constantly emerging,and peace and development remain the main themes of today’s society.The formal signing and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)is important for meeting the needs of peace and development of many countries and regions.China is in a new era of reform and opening-up,and the RCEP content is in line with China’s concept of pursuing a path of rejuvenation.Based on the locations of important borders,Yunnan Province has become one of the key places for China’s opening-up and development regarding Southeast Asia and South Asia,and the high-quality development of its tourism service trade is of great significance.This study first used the grounded theory analysis method to organize,analyze and process the records of international conferences and government press conferences held in Yunnan Province,as well as important related issues since the signing of RCEP.Then,the social network analysis method was used to analyze the social recognition degree of RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province from the perspectives of different levels and group consensus.The results show that cooperation is the key macro driving force for RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province.Regarding the opportunities and environment of the transportation dividend,policy dividend and investment dividend,port construction,border township construction and exhibition-related construction are important cooperation contents,so they are conducive to the recovery of the tourism industry in a broader development space.Competition can improve the driving force of RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province at the micro level,and has more practical significance.For example,RCEP can better rely on its own geographical advantages and international market competitiveness,optimize the use of resources inside and outside ports,and use high-tech products to form a more green,ecological,organic and sustainable development.In different levels of social identity,RCEP’s power of cooperation is more strongly recognized,while the power of competition is less recognized.However,from the perspective of grouping the various groups,RCEP’s powers of cooperation and competition are jointly recognized by the other groups,indicating that cooperation and competition are necessary for the realization of RCEP’s power.The results of this study provide a certain reference for understanding the dynamics of RCEP in more detail from more angles and for the local implementation of RCEP rules and measures.

“南向通道”建设背景下甘肃文旅融合发展维度分析与路径探究

“南向通道”是跨经济区、跨社会制度、跨国界、跨文化的国际陆海新通道,对实现南北贯通、东西互济、海陆联通开放格局的形成具有重要意义。甘肃地处这一合作体的北端位置,是“点—轴”空间形态向西南延伸拓展的潜力区域,依托丰富的旅游资源和深厚的地域文化,发展旅游业对于带动区域经济增长、保护传承文化遗产、提升城市品味等方面发挥着巨大的引擎作用。本文通过阐述“南向通道”的缘起与联动,分析甘肃的区位优势和文旅资源禀赋,从学理上对资源特征、业态现状、发展合力、集团化运营、人才结构等多维度进行剖析,揭示甘肃文化旅游发展现状及存在问题,以期打破文化和旅游发展认知边界,强调文旅融合协同发展思维,从政策红利、业态变革、科技赋能、文旅IP打造等多视角探寻“南向通道”建设中的甘肃文旅融合高质量发展路径。

贵州加快发展服务贸易的优势、短板与对策

随着经济服务化和贸易数字化的深入发展,服务贸易已成为全球经济的重要支柱和国际贸易中最具活力的部分。对地处西南腹地的贵州来说,发展服务贸易具有特殊的重要意义。通过梳理服务贸易发展面临的宏观形势和贵州服务贸易发展现状,认为贵州在旅游、文化、大健康、建筑、大数据五大领域具有一定的自身优势,但在海外市场推广、特色产业国际竞争力、载体主体和通道建设、工作机制四个方面仍存在不足,并从大力开拓国际市场、提升优势产业竞争力、加强载体主体和通道建设、健全纵横联动工作机制四个方面提出推动贵州省服务贸易加快发展的对策建议,以期助力贵州建设内陆开放型经济新高地。

西藏旅游服务贸易国际竞争力及其影响因素

近年来,旅游业已成为拉动西藏经济发展的重要引擎。基于波特的“钻石模型”,运用主成分分析法,对西藏旅游服务贸易国际竞争力的影响因素进行实证研究。结果发现,选择的指标对西藏旅游服务贸易国际竞争力都有正向影响。由此提出加大地方财政对商业服务业的支持力度、大力改善旅游交通运输的环境、提高住宿业和餐饮业的规模和服务水平、吸引外资流入西藏旅游业等建议,以期提高西藏旅游服务贸易国际竞争力。

跨境旅游服务贸易影响因素研究——以广西壮族自治区跨境旅游业为例

广西跨境旅游发展迅速,经济社会环境效益不断提高。近年来,广西各级跨境旅游部门按照自治区党委、政府加强和扩大跨境旅游有效联动的工作决策,大力发展跨境旅游,打造“生态旅游城市、人居幸福之地”。本文首先阐述了文章的研究背景和意义,接着对广西跨境旅游发展状况进行了分析,找出广西跨境旅游存在的问题,然后在前文的分析基础上提出了构建和完善广西跨境旅游合作机制的相关对策和建议。

RCEP框架下黑龙江省对韩旅游服务贸易发展现状、问题及对策研究

服务贸易是当今全球双边、多边自由贸易的焦点,在我国推动高水平对外开放、构建新发展格局中发挥重要作用。旅游服务贸易作为其重要组成部分,或将成为新的增长极。黑龙江省应充分利用RCEP生效对服务贸易发展的利好机会,尽快恢复因疫情受阻的旅游合作,提升对韩旅游服务贸易发展水平。通过合作平台与机制建设推进中韩关系发展行稳致远。聚焦RCEP为服务贸易发展带来的新机遇,结合黑韩旅游服务贸易发展现状,分析黑龙江省与韩国旅游服务贸易的影响因素,并提出完善基础设施建设、持续推进专业人才培养、打造特色旅游品牌、加强人文领域交流合作等对策建议,以期为黑龙江省推进高质量高水平发展提供参考。

基于生态共生的边境地区旅游与贸易协同演进研究:来自桂滇边境11市的实证

改革开放以来,兴边富民、“一带一路”等政策、倡议的实施促进了边境地区贸易与旅游的迅速发展,带动了边境地区经济的发展。厘清边境地区旅游与贸易的关系对制定相关政策、促进两者协同发展具有重要的作用。文章基于生态共生理论,运用静态回归模型、格兰杰因果检验等方法,从整体和个体层面探究两者间的共生关系及内在机制。结果表明:在共生关系方面,无论是整体区域还是单体城市,边境地区旅游与贸易之间均存在非对称互惠共生关系。格兰杰因果关系检验分析显示,对整体区域而言,进出口贸易对旅游收入有推动作用,尤其是进口贸易对旅游收入有促进作用;对单体城市而言,出口贸易、进口贸易、进出口贸易与旅游收入之间有显著关系的城市数量分别是1个、4个和3个,进一步验证了边境地区旅游与贸易共生关系的不对称性。内外源双轮共同驱动构建了边境地区旅游与贸易的共生环境,旅游与贸易之间要素流动与转化推动了共生关系的形成。

内蒙古自治区边境贸易与边境旅游:耦合协调、时空演变及影响路径

边境贸易与边境旅游是边境地区经济发展的两大重要驱动力。文章通过构建边境贸易与边境旅游的综合评价指标体系,采用熵权法、耦合协调模型、灰色关联分析法对两系统耦合协调、时空演变和影响因素进行深入分析。结果表明:1)样本年内,内蒙古地区边境贸易与边境旅游基本呈现上升趋势;2)两系统的耦合协调度逐年增加,从中度失调演变为中级协调,2013年两系统之间还实现了良性共振的耦合;3)在指标体系中,边境旅游经济效益与边境贸易发展规模与耦合协调度的灰色关联度位于前列。因此,内蒙古地区需要积极响应国家政策、优化产业结构和深化区域合作交流,以促进地区经济高质量发展。

旅游服务贸易的国际竞争力及影响因素分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们生活水平的需求已经从物质层面上升到了精神层面,从而带动旅游业消费以一种新的形式进入生活。在新时代背景下,服务贸易的发展对国家经济影响很大,尤其旅游服务贸易已经成为一国的支柱产业。本文主要针对我国虽然是一个旅游大国,但旅游业国际竞争力仍较弱的问题,主要介绍了旅游服务贸易的概述,分析了目前在国际竞争中的现状,提出了影响我国旅游服务贸易发展的因素并给出建议和对策。

China's Service Trade and Dwindling Current Account Surplus

Recent years have seen sharp increases in China’s trade de ficit in services,especially in tourism,arousing concerns over a potential capital flight from China.Such concerns appeared to be justi fied by China’s balance of payments data,whose statistical scope was of ficially modi fied retroactively since 2014.To overcome the impact of changing statistical approach,this paper uses banks’cross-border customer payment and receipt data to re-estimate China’s service trade,and finds that China’s service imports did not increase abnormally from 2014 to 2016 as some researchers reckoned.With the re-estimated service trade data,we find that the relationship between China’s GDP per capita and travel imports as a share of service imports since 2001 tallies with those of emerging Asian industrial countries before the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997,indicating that China’s travel import growth in recent years did not deviate from the long term trend and international experience.Furthermore,this paper finds that China’s travel imports did not signi ficantly in fluence the stock and housing markets in the US,Hong Kong and the EU as major travel destinations,thus refuting the argument that massive capital has fled China for overseas markets.

海南自贸港建设背景下旅游业人才现状及需求分析

海南自由贸易港建设过程中“三区一中心”的战略定位明确了旅游业为海南省聚焦发展的三大产业之一。人才是产业发展的第一资源,国际旅游消费中心的战略定位势必对海南省旅游业人才提出更高层次的要求,但当下海南省旅游业人才短板对行业发展掣肘日益凸显。通过调研海南旅游业人才性别比例、年龄结构、学历层次、职业忠诚度、流动性等内容,发现旅游业存在入职门槛低、结构失衡、职业认可度低、供给困难等现实情况,并对人才结构和人才培养政策存在的问题进行了分析,提出海南自由贸易港旅游业人才需求为高水平服务技能人才、高素养复合型管理人才、智慧旅游创新型人才和国际化人才。

外资开放度、外贸开放度对入境旅游影响研究——基于省际空间面板数据

高水平的开放发展格局是我国入境旅游持续发展的永久动力。为验证分析外资开放度、外贸开放度对入境旅游的影响,本文选取1995一2019年我国30个省份的空间面板数据,用Geoda软件研究我国入境旅游发展水平的省际空间相关性和空间集聚效应,并运用Mat-lab与Stata软件就外资开放度、外贸开放度对入境旅游的影响进行静态和动态的空间面板计量研究。研究发现:全局莫兰指数显示说明旅游开放度存在显著空间相关性;静态SDM模型中的外资开放度、外贸开放度对旅游开放度具有积极的正向促进作用,外资开放度和外贸开放度每提高1%,旅游开放度则分别增加0.1791%和0.3392%,且外贸开放度具有显著正向溢出效应;旅游开放度的空间效应在静态SDM模型和动态SDM模型中均显著,邻近地区旅游开放度每提高1%,本地区的旅游开放度则分别增加0.7970%和0.3175%;动态SDM模型中的旅游开放度滞后一期对旅游开放度本身具有显著正向作用;动态SDM模型存在均衡的长期效应和短期效应,且外资开放度、外贸开放度的短期间接效应显著。故此,建议在继续推动外资和外贸开放发展的同时,要充分利用外贸开放度的溢出效应和旅游开放度的空间效应,通过邻近省际之间的联动机制实现入境旅游协同发展。

中国对小岛屿国家的旅游贸易效率、潜力及影响因素

以2006—2018年我国入境旅游的8个小岛屿国家数据为样本,运用时变随机前沿引力模型对中国对小岛屿国家的旅游贸易效率及贸易潜力进行实证分析。结果发现:(1)双方经济水平、人口规模正向促进中国对小岛屿国家的旅游贸易水平,地理距离在中国对小岛屿国家开展旅游贸易时影响不显著。(2)小岛屿国家的国际航空运输能力、突发事件与旅游贸易非效率正相关,小岛屿国家服务业就业人数占比、旅游外汇收入占比、中国对其直接投资存量以及两国之间的签证与旅游贸易非效率负相关。(3)中国对小岛屿国家的旅游贸易效率在逐渐提升,且潜力很大。因此,应该依托现有旅游贸易基础实行差异化合作策略、通过第三方合作等形式深化旅游领域合作、发展数字经济提高小岛屿国家旅游产业的信息化水平、提高投资过程中的社区参与度和民众获得感,进一步提升中国对小岛屿国家的旅游贸易效率和潜力。