Vulnerability Assessment of Tourism Environment in the South China Sea Islands : Construction of Evaluation Model Based on Interpretation System of Formation Mechanism

Tourism vulnerability research is an important theoretical basis for sustainable research of tourism.In this study,it hopes to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands,to achieve the sound development of island tourism in the South China Sea.Therefore,based on the study of the geographical environment and geographical background of the South China Sea Islands,the mechanism analysis method is used to form three interpretation systems.First,interpretation system of meridional causality mechanism.4 evaluation levels and 52 indicators are screened out,and the mathematical and physical criteria for each indicator is established.Second,interpretation system of latitudinal factor relationship mechanism.The AHP is used to obtain the weights of each index,and the contribution rate of factor at each level to the vulnerability is determined.Third,sharing platform of connecting meridional and latitudinal interpretation system.Likert 5-level scale is used to make the factors belong to different orders of magnitude,and factors from different systems could be comparable.Finally,through the formulation of mathematical and chemical standards of indexes and weights of evaluation indexes,a comprehensive evaluation model for vulnerability of tourism environment in the South China Sea Islands is established.

Alternative Framework for Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Planning in Wulingshan,Xinglong Geopark,China

Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Planning (TECCP)is a regulated part of the Geopark General Planning in China.But,because the exact numerical carrying capacities are difficult to confirm and the effects of tourism can take many forms,some of which are only loosely related to amount of users, the efforts of estimating of the maximum amount of tourists would mislead the manager and operator

The Effects of Tourism Industry Agglomeration on Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity: Evidence from a Panel Threshold Model

By utilizing the panel data of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of China from 2000 to 2018, this study constructs a panel threshold model to examine the nonlinear relationship between Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity(TECC) and Tourism Industry Agglomeration(TIA). TECC is evaluated based on the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response(DPSIR) model, and TIA is estimated by the location quotient index.The analysis reveals that TIA and TECC both show growth trends and significant regional differences among the 26cities, but the latter fluctuates at certain stages. Moreover, TIA has a significant double threshold effect on TECC,which shows that the positive impact of TIA is enhanced initially but then weakens afterwards. Theoretically, this study contributes to enriching the current literature on TECC from the perspective of TIA. Practically, it could help local governments effectively arrange agglomerations to promote the sustainable development of the tourism industry in China.

Plights and Outlet:Environmental Problem Analysis of Agricultural Eco-tourism

As agricultural eco-tourism development played a vital role in promoting rural economic and social development and constructing new harmonious countryside,the paper had analyzed environmental problem produced during its development,pointed out that blind development of agricultural eco-tourism had seriously destroyed resources and ecological environment and that tourist infrastructure construction and urbanization had ruined rural unique natural landscape.In view of current situation of environment,it also studied reasons causing environmental disruption,which lied in insufficient guidance and support of government,deficient scientific development planning and management system,and poor environmental consciousness of tourist operators and tourists.On this basis,it summarized that agricultural eco-tourism development should follow principles of sustainable development,synchronization between development and protection,and coordination between tourism development and environmental protection.It concluded proper ways to develop agricultural eco-tourism,and emphasized that it should draw up scientific and reasonable development planning,enhance government's macro-administration,establish and perfect ecological compensation mechanism,and strive to cultivate people's environmental awareness.

Study on Environmental Protection during Agricultural Eco-tourism Development in Guangzhou City——From the Perspective of Perfecting Environmental Responsibility System of Tourism Company

By taking Guangzhou City for example,a series of environmental problems brought by agricultural ecological tourism were analyzed from the perspective of environmental degradation caused by that tourism company failed to take environmental responsibility.Based on economic development and environmental protection,some suggestions on environmental protection were proposed from the perspective of perfecting environmental responsibility of tourism company in order to realize win-win of economic development and environmental protection.

Measurements of the Cognitive Level of Ecotourists for the Tourism Environment in the Mountain Resorts

Tourists are the main body of tourism activities,and studying the environmental cognition of tourists is beneficial for the environmental management of scenic spots.In this article,data obtained by questionnaire were used to compose a data matrix of 169×10 dimensions,and the cognitive level of ecotourists for the tourism environment was measured by two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)and detrended correspondence analysis(DCA)in Luya Mountain Nature Reserve.This analysis revealed three main points.(1)TWINSPAN divided all the samples into the strict environment protection type,the ordinary environment protection type,the occasional environment protection type,and the natural enjoyment type.Both the strict and ordinary environment protection types agreed with biocentrism and had a consciousness regarding the protection of nature,but the former advocated that tourism activities should be restricted in nature reserves,while the latter did not agree with restrictions on tourism activities.The occasional environment protection types denied biocentrism;on the one hand,they thought that nature should serve human beings,but on the other hand,they showed a tendency toward environmental protection.The natural enjoyment type argued that natural resources should be maximized to meet human needs.(2)There were significant correlations between the first axis of the DCA and gender,age,education,number of trips,and cognition of nature reserve function,and the second axis of DCA was significantly correlated with gender,age,and education level.Under the impact of all the factors in the DCA figure,ecotourist types transitioned gradually from the first type to the second,the third,and the fourth types along the diagonal line,and accordingly,their cognitive level for the tourism environment was reduced slowly.(3)For nature reserves,the strict environment protection type had 74 people,who was the most popular.The ordinary and occasional environment protection types had 43 people and 31 people,respectively,who should be strived to raise environmental awareness.The natural enjoyment type had 21 people,who must be systematically educated.

Research on Environmental Problems during Island Tourism Development in China

Due to the weakness of island eco-environment and the dependence of tourism development on island environment,it urgently needs to make a study on environmental problems during island tourism development,so as to provide a reference for the sustainable development of island tourism.The paper has concluded Chinese island environmental characteristics,analyzed the current situation of island tourism development and discussed environmental problems during island tourism development.On this basis,it has proposed some suggestions for island tourism environment protection.It should take island eco-environment protection as the premise and complete relevant laws and regulations;take foreign island tourism development as the reference,plan scientifically and build island eco-tourism mode;improve island infrastructures,prevent environmental pollution and protect island tourism environment with the government as the guidance;establish island environment monitoring station and tourism information monitoring station;enhance eco-environment protection education and cultivate responsible tourists and tourism staff;and intensify island supervision and regularize island tourism order.

Carrying capacity of water environment in public tourism resources based on matter-element model

When water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction is studied, the two action subjects of tourists and local residents should be discussed, and comprehensive consideration must be given to the influence of these two on water environment. On the basis of water resource carrying capacity and water quality carrying capacity, water environmental carrying capacity index of public resource tourist attraction was constructed, the model for the water environmental carrying capacity of public resource tourist attraction was established on the basis of matter-element model and analytical hierarchy process. By applying this method, water environmental carrying capacity situation of a certain public resource tourist attraction can be gained, moreover, situations about several aspects of water environmental carrying capacity can be evaluated.

Residents'environmental conservation behaviour in the mountain tourism destinations in China:Case studies of Jiuzhaigou and Mount Qingcheng

This study aimed at gaining an understanding of the formation of residents' Environmental Conservation Behaviour(ECB) to promote sustainable tourism development in Chinese mountain areas. In particular, a theoretical framework was constructed by merging residents' mountain attachment and their environmental values,and awareness of environmental consequences based on the Cognition Behaviour Theory. This research sampled 642 residents with convenience sampling method in Jiuzhaigou and Mount Qingcheng, and structural equation modelling analysis was conducted to identify the relationships among the above variables. Results verified that mountain attachment affected people's awareness of environmental consequences, which then affected their ECB.Environmental values and mountain attachment directly and positively influenced ECB. Moreover,awareness of environmental consequences played the most prominent role in predicting ECB among all the predictors in this study. In all, this study derived several significant implications which can not only contribute to environmental management policies in tourism field but also help to improve the levels of the antecedents of residents' ECB and promote sustainable tourism development in Chinese mountain areas.

The Environmental Effects of Tourism Architecture on Island Ecosystem in Cayo Guillermo, Cuba

The objective of this study is to determine the main adverse impacts that may be caused by tourism architecture upon island ecosystems consisting of small islands or islets and to propose an architectural and landscape design with a focus on the environmental sustainability of the same. A study of projects was undertaken in Cayo Guillermo, located to the north of Ciego de Avila in Cuba using methods of life-cycle assessment of buildings, matrix methods of the activities that caused severe environmental impact and statistical processing through multivariate analysis. Conclusions were reached on the need for designs that did not harm the ecosystems of islands with high ecological fragility. It has been determined that suitable construction intervention would decrease the negative impact and would allow the natural resources of these valuable ecosystems that are the basis for responsible sun and sand tourism to be preserved.

The Environmental Effects of Tourism Development in Noushahr

Tourism is considered as a potentially sustainable industry and plays a significant role in the development of the society at different levels and is seen as an important step to achieve sustainable development. The development of tourism in Noushahr has resulted in instability in terms of environmental aspects. Therefore, given that the process of tourism development in these regions would result in the destruction of the environment and cause many environmental problems as well as the undesirable and instable conditions, the present study aims to explore the environmental effects of the tourism development in Noushahr. To this end, a descriptive-analytic methodology is used to delve into aspects and indicators affecting the sustainable development in terms of environmental factors. In addition, the data are collected through documents and library and field methods. The population under study includes people living in Noushahr and tourists visiting it. The research sample includes 380 families and 384 tourists who were selected through the Cochrane formula. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including t-test. Results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between environmental effects and tourism. Besides, the level of negative effects caused by tourists in all cases under investigation is beyond the acceptable level in the view of the local community. As such, tourism should be developed in a way that while responding to tourists’ leisure needs and improving their quality of experience it contributes to improving the quality of the environment.

Study on Regulatory Issues of Environmental Laws of Rural Tourism in China

In recent years, rural tourism in China vigorously developed, which promoted economic and social development in rural area. However, serious environmental problems appeared in the development process of rural tourism since rural tourism lacked effective and comprehensive super- vision. These environmental problems included environmental pollution and ecological damage. However, environmental legal system about rural tourism had many problems, such as the lagged legislation, the absence of law enforcement supervision, imperfect judicial system and weak law- abiding awareness. Therefore, it became the solution to solve environmental problems brought by rural tourism in China, and was also the safe- guard for promoting sustainable development of rural tourism in China to establish a sound legal system for rural tourism, implement strict law en- forcement supervision of rural tourism, build litigation system of environmental public interest and enhance law-abiding awareness of rural tourism. For legal defects of regulating rural tourism and its induced environmental problems in China, we tried to perfect regulation of environmental law for rural tourism in China.

Strengthening Mechanisms to Promote Tourists' Environmental Responsible Behaviors in the Context of All-for-One Tourism

The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and guest sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.

Environmental Assessment for Health Tourism in Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador

The aim of this study is to apply the methodology for assessment of environmental impact of the heritage town with health tourism interest that is assessed. Health tourism is based on the appropriate employment of natural resources, landscapes and the natural and cultural heritage of a place. In order to carry out the study, a set of both theoretical and empirical methods were used to analyze the case of Ba?os de Agua Santa. The theoretical methods include the analysis and synthesis employed throughout the research process, as well as in the bibliographic study and the evaluation of the information obtained. In addition, the inductive-deductive method was employed to analyze, process, and treat the information and data that were used frequently in this work. As for the empirical methods, the researchers employed participatory techniques with community stakeholders, in order to gather information through interviews. Also, researchers conducted direct observation of community activities. The automated method software is used which requires a baseline study of the environment assessment in Tungurahua, Ecuador, to be prepared. In addition, the analysis of the social perception on tourism of the local people from the course work of students at the UIDE shall be applied. The conclusions of the case studies undertaken allow for strategic proposals and recommendations to be prepared so that they can be incorporated into the management plans for health tourism in the town with natural heritage value.

Environmental Issues for Tourism and Recreation

The objectives of this article are to: analyze the relationship between tourism and recreation and major environmental issues; analyze tourism and recreation in the context of general issue of sustainable development; consider implications for policy development and implementation.

基于可持续发展的乡村旅游环境设计研究——以常德“枫林花海”为例

以常德“枫林花海”为研究对象,结合可持续发展理念,通过文献综述、实地考察、问卷调查和专家访谈等方法,全面评价和定位景区旅游资源。系统分析了“枫林花海”的自然景源、人文景源、交通可达性、游客行为特征和游人容量等关键因素。提出了基于可持续发展的乡村旅游环境设计原则和具体实施策略,包括地方特色与环境融合、生态保护与可持续发展、核心景观设计、交通可达性设计、场地分区设计等。研究结果显示,这些设计策略的实施可有效提升“枫林花海”的旅游吸引力和游客体验,为乡村旅游的可持续发展提供实践指导。研究不仅为“枫林花海”的旅游规划提供了科学依据,也为其他乡村旅游项目的开发和规划提供了参考。

旅游利益相关者低碳环境责任行为及相互影响研究——基于动态演化博弈的分析

旅游管理主体、服务供给主体、旅游消费主体作为旅游业最核心的利益相关者,在旅游目的地环境保护与碳减排进程中具有十分重要的责任和义务.旅游利益相关者间的低碳环境责任行为存在利益冲突,各主体低碳环境责任行为相互影响、相互制约.以周庄低碳旅游示范区为例,通过分析旅游利益相关者低碳环境责任行为,构建三方演化博弈模型,对博弈系统均衡点进行稳定性分析与仿真分析.研究表明:三方主体策略选择相互影响,不同利益相关者的低碳环境责任行为策略选择都将影响博弈系统的演化趋势;不同约束条件下,演化博弈系统存在四种不同的演化稳定策略组合,其中旅游管理主体做好低碳宣传、服务供给主体积极减排降碳、旅游消费主体积极参与低碳旅游是最理想的演化稳定状态.研究结果可为旅游业低碳化发展目标下各利益相关者的合作共赢管理提供理论参考.

长江经济带城市韧性水平与旅游环境承载力交互胁迫及协同响应

以长江经济带为研究对象,构建城市韧性与旅游环境承载力综合评价指标体系并测度其发展水平,运用双指数函数验证其交互胁迫效应,借助哈肯模型测度协同发展态势,利用VAR模型判断互动响应关系,结果表明:①区域整体两大系统水平均有所提升,东部处于“翘楚”地位,中、西部实现对东部的“追赶”,但存在低水平趋同与城市韧性不足的困境。②交互胁迫关系证实,长江经济带城市韧性水平与旅游环境承载力具有相互胁迫约束效应且存在时空异质性,城市韧性水平越高的地区,旅游环境承载力压力越大。③区域协同水平在时间维度呈现由失调向协同转化的利好态势,空间分异特征呈现由“东部领衔”到“西部崛起”再到“中部追赶”的动态演化过程,稳态均衡收敛趋势增强。④区域脉冲响应差异显著,江苏、上海分别对城市韧性与旅游环境承载力冲击的起伏波动较大;中部两大系统的脉冲响应均呈现“先波动后平稳”特征;西部两大系统的脉冲响应表现出较为突出的起伏。

旅游环境资源经济核算的理论方法与研究展望

随着社会公众环境保护意识的增强,旅游业繁荣背后所引发的环境退化、生态系统破坏等问题受到学术界的广泛关注,其中较多研究聚焦于旅游环境资源经济核算这一基础工作。文章梳理了国内外近二十年来在核算旅游环境资源经济价值方面的关键理论和研究方法演进。研究发现:(1)陈述偏好理论在环境资源经济价值评估中得到了广泛应用,然而,近年来基于效用转移理论的元分析成为一种新的研究趋势;(2)随机效用最大化理论和双边界二分式选择模型是主要的旅游环境资源经济核算方法,但是近年来较多学者开始关注该方法的有效性问题;(3)以大数据和卫星遥感为代表的新技术逐渐受到重视,但是研究者还应该关注受试者的“搭便车”心理对研究结论造成的影响。

基于扎根理论的茶庄园旅游环境质量与游客满意度的实证研究——经营者与消费者双重视角

茶庄园是休闲农业旅游的新业态载体,助推茶旅产业供给侧改革与三产融合。本研究基于经营者与消费者双重视角,采用定性与定量研究,运用扎根理论三级编码分析与游客体验价值实证研究,探讨茶庄园旅游环境质量对游客满意度的作用路径与影响机制。实地走访福建省安溪县3个典型茶庄园与经营者深度访谈,总结提取旅游环境质量的5个核心范畴和体验价值的3个核心范畴,作为游客满意度实证研究的重要影响变量。对调研的342份样本数据进行OLS多元线性回归分析,结果显示:旅游环境质量、游客体验价值均对游客满意度具有显著正向影响,且游客体验价值在旅游环境质量与游客满意度之间扮演部分中介作用;旅游地社会责任正向调节游客体验价值与游客满意度的关系。基于此,助力乡村振兴与持续推动茶庄园旅游高质量发展,需加强生态环境保护、注重个性化体验氛围、承担产品安全与社会责任等。