The Characteristics and Driving Factors of the Spatio-temporal Dynamic Evolution of Tourism Ecological Security in the Silk Road Economic Belt

The exploration of ecological safety in tourism sites can provide a concrete path for sustainable tourism development in a region.Based on the“Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response”(DPSIR)model,we constructed an index system for the evaluation of tourism ecological security(TES)in the Silk Road Economic Belt(SREB)from 2005 to 2020.This index system was used to explore the characteristics of spatial and temporal dynamic evolution with the help of entropy weight TOPSIS method,dynamic index of TES and Markov probability transfer matrix,and a standard deviational ellipse(SDE)model and GM(1,1)model were constructed for spatial pattern analysis and prediction.The results indicate four key aspects of this system.(1)In terms of spatiotemporal evolution,the tourism ecological safety index(TESI)of the SREB increased,the TES levels of the northwestern and southwestern provinces and cities differed significantly,and the quality conditions of TES in the southwestern provinces and cities were better than in the northwest.(2)In terms of dynamic evolutionary characteristics,the speed of change at each level of the SREB was slow,but the level of TES has improved.The TES level has not shifted by leaps and bounds,and the shifts in the level type show“path dependence”and“self-locking”effects.(3)In terms of spatial and temporal distribution patterns,the spatial pattern of TES in the SREB is a“northwest-southeast”movement trend,and the spatial distribution appeared as“aggregation”from 2005 to 2020.The prediction results show that the center of gravity of TES in the SREB will shift to the southeast from 2025 to 2035,and the spatial spillover effect will be reduced.(4)In terms of driving factors,the number of star-rated hotels,and the amounts of industrial wastewater emissions,tourism foreign exchange earnings,forest coverage,and other parameters are the key factors affecting TES,and the booming tourism industry requires the interconnection and interpenetration of various factors.The results of this study can provide a reference for tourism development and ecological environmental protection in the Silk Road Economic Belt.

Tourism Ecological Security in Wuhan

The concept of ecological security stems from environmental security theory, and is generally used to evaluate the ecological security of land, water resources and the city. This study applies the Pressure-Station-Response （P-S-R） model and theory of ecological security with field research in 2010 to establish an index system for tourism ecological security evaluation. The findings show that tourism ecological security in Wuhan has increasingly improved from a comprehensive evaluation value of 5.8023 in 2004 to 6.459 in 2010, and has moved from a ＂sensitive＂ condition to ＂safe＂ condition. Ecological pressure and ecological response are negatively correlated, and the value of ecological response was below that of ecological pressure during the seven years. In order to make clear the impact factors affecting tourism ecological security in Wuhan, this paper summarizes ten limiting factors influencing tourism ecological security and makes several recommendations to improve tourism ecological security.

Review of Tourism Ecological Security from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction

In the era of sustainable development,the ecological impact of the development of the tourism industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life.Generally considered,tourism ecological security(TES)is an important link to realize the high-quality development of tourism destinations and promote the construction of ecological civilization.Based on keyword discrimination of TES,tourism ecological risk and tourism ecological health,and from the perspective of ecological civilization construction,this paper uses the databases of Web of Science and CNKI as data sources to systematically comb and analyze TES research from the aspects of development process,research methods and research content,and puts forward the prospects for future research on this basis.This analysis found that research in the TES field presents four main characteristics.(1)The phased characteristic of“germination-exploration-development”is significant,and a relatively standard research framework of“evaluation-influencing factors-early warning-regulation”has been formed.(2)The empirical orientation of the research methods is distinct.(3)The development trend is characterized by small-scale dominance and a large-scale surge.(4)The disciplinary integration and practical combination have been continuously strengthened.Combined with the development trends and hot spots of TES,this paper proposes that the direction and goal of deepening TES research in the future should be carried out from the aspects of strengthening research on thresholds,early warning and regulation,improving the application of big data,constructing the synergistic effect mechanisms between tourism and ecology,and realizing the longitudinal deepening and interconnection of scale research.

Sustainable Development of Ice and Snow Tourism-Theory&Empirical Studies:Preface

The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism.It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism.By selecting 18 academic papers,this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects:ice and snow tourism development and management,the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors,and ice and snow tourism impact assessment.Moreover,one part entitled“Tourism Culture and Ecotourism”has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics.It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations.First of all,the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level,including both longitudinal and horizontal research.In additon,the research methods are practical,innovative,and at the frontier of scientific research,and include industrial correlation analysis methods,kernel density,spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods,content analysis methods,sentiment analysis methods,structural equation models,Delphi methods,spatial statistics methods,geographic detector method and many others.In general,this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research,provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory,institutional evolution theory,etc.,and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage,the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment,the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development,the model of the relationship between tourists’experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism,among others.These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era,and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction.