A system-integrated approach for the design of tourist areas at the local level under changing conditions:A case study in the Altay Mountains

The existing approaches for the design of tourist areas often lead to limited flexibility in project implementation.To realize a more flexible approach,in this study,we formulated a model for planning and designing tourist areas at the local level.Moreover,specific tools for analyzing tourist areas and ensuring sustainable development under changing conditions were developed.This study was conducted in two tourist regions,Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex and Belokurikha destination(including Belokurikha City with Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex and surrounding areas),in the Altay Mountains.We employed the recreation opportunity spectrum and proposed a system-integrated programming approach for the design of tourist areas at the destination and site levels.The key of this approach was the collection and analysis of current spatial data,including the spatial distribution of attractions and visitor flows.We constructed heat maps using video recording and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)observation data.Moreover,we analyzed the video stream using an image-analyzing framework You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 software.The heat map of visitor flows based on video recording data in the Andreevskaya Sloboda museum of Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex allowed us to highlight the most attractive sites in this area and classify them into one of three types:points of functional concentration,points of transitional concentration,and points of attractions.The heat maps in Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex,created using UAV observation data,allowed us to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of visitor flows and tourists’preferences throughout the day within four time intervals:09:00-12:00,13:00-14:00,14:00-15:00,and 16:00-18:00(LST).The maximum visitor flow density occurred from 16:00 to 18:00 in the beach area of the artificial lake.A comparison between the visitor-concentrated sites and the current facilities provided insights into the demand for attractions and facilities and the lacking areas.Heat maps are useful in analyzing the land use at the site level,while zoning based on the recreation opportunity spectrum can be used to design tourist areas at the destination level.The proposed methods for analyzing the use of tourist areas contribute to the development of adaptive tourism design.

How Sense of Ritual in Tourism Impacts Tourists’Co-Creation of Tourism Experience Values:A Study Based on the Theory of Value Co-Creation

Establishing a sense of ritual within tourism consumption scenarios offers tourists the opportunity for interactive engagement.Drawing upon the value co-creation theory,this study constructed an influence mechanism model to examine tourists'active engagement in the process of co-creating tourism experience values.It employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM)to empirically test the proposed hypotheses.The findings demonstrate that the model constructed in the present study exhibits robust reliability,validity,and explanatory power.The perception of the sense of ritual in tourism exerts a significant positive influence on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values,thereby significantly enhancing both the communitas and flow experienced by tourists during their travels.Moreover,such communitas and flow can mediate the influence of the sense of ritual in tourism on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values.This study contributes to advancing the current research on tourists’co-creation of tourism experience values and the sense of ritual in tourism,thereby providing theoretical foundations for cultivating a sense of ritual within tourism consumption scenarios.

Investigating the tourism image of mountain scenic spots in China through the lens of tourist perception

A favorable tourism image of high-quality mountain scenic spots(HQMSS)is crucial for tourism prosperity and sustainability.This paper establishes a framework for investigating the tourism image based on cognitive-emotion theory and uses natural language processing(NLP)tools to clarify the cognition,emotion,and overall tourist image of the HQMSS in China from the perspective of tourist perception.This paper examines the multi-dimensional spatial differentiation of China's overall image,including province,scenic spot scales,as well as the spatial pattern of the overall comprehensive tourism image.Strategies for comprehensively improving HQMSS's tourism image are also formulated.The results show that:(1)The cognitive image of Chinese HQMSS is categorized into core and marginal images,and the core images such as scenery and cable car are the expression of the uniqueness of mountainous scenic spots.Additionally,the cognitive image is classified into six dimensions:tourism environment,tourism supporting facilities,tourism experience,tourism price,tourism service,and tourism safety.(2)Positive emotions are the dominant mood type of HQMSS in China,followed by neutral emotions,with negative emotions being the least frequent.Emotional images vary across dimensions,with tourism environment and tourism experience evoking relatively higher emotion.(3)The spatial pattern of HQMSS for each dimension at the national,provincial,and scenic scales is diversifying.This article provides a multidimensional perspective for investigating the tourism image of mountainous scenic spots,proposes targeted recommendations to improve the overall image of HQMSS in China,and can greatly contribute to the sustainable development of mountain tourism.

Development of Yimeng Red Tourism Resources from the Perspective of Tourist Perception

In this paper,the connotation of red tourism is explained from a new perspective firstly.On the basis of summarizing and evaluating the red tourism resources in Yimeng,combined with the current development status of red tourism in Yimeng region,based on the subjective evaluation of tourists on the development of red tourism in Yimeng region,several targeted suggestions for the development of red tourism in Yimeng are proposed.

The Mediating Effect of Social Media on the Relationship Between Travel Preference and Tourist Behavior of Local Tourists in Davao City

This paper aims to determine the mediating effect of social media on the relationship between travel behavior and tourist preference.This paper utilized the mediation analysis design to determine whether social media significantly affects the independent and dependent variables.For the statistical tools,the proponents of the study utilized descriptive statistics,Sobel’s test,mean and standard deviation.Also,the proponents of the study utilized data from questionnaires gathered through an online google form.Most of the respondents are single females,college-level,and use Facebook most of the time.Therefore,this is the social media platform that the majority utilize.It has been revealed in the study the three sets of correlated variables:Travel behavior vs.tourist behavior,travel preference vs.social media,and social media vs.tourist behavior,have a strong positive linear relationship between the two quantitative variables.Thus,the study proponents concluded that there is an indirect effect between the travel preference and tourist behavior of local tourists in Davao City via social media.Lastly,the study’s findings reveal the fundamentals of how visitors make decisions,which are essential for enhancing the competitive advantages of cultural destinations.Significant findings from the study are beneficial to the growth of cultural tourism in Davao City.

The Impact of Destination Image on Tourist Willingness to Revisit:A Case Study of Nanning Garden Expo

The researcher aims to examine the impact of destination image of Nanning Garden Expo on tourist willingness to revisit.In this study,Nanning Garden Expo,a famous comprehensive park in Nanning,Guangxi,is selected as the research object.Based on previous literature and theories,the author analyzes and explores the relationship between the destination image of Nanning Garden Expo and tourist willingness to revisit.The research tool is questionnaire and the sample size of the survey data is calculated by Cochrane formula,and the data collection volume is 385.The statistics used in the data analysis are descriptive statistics including frequency distribution,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and inferential statistic for testing hypothesis.The researcher applies multiple regression analysis models to examine which independent variables have strong or weak relationships with dependent variables.Hypothesis test indicates that destination image has a significant positive impact on tourist willingness to revisit.Based on the results of the empirical study,relevant suggestions are proposed for how to enhance tourist willingness to revisit for Nanning Garden Expo and promote the healthy and sustainable development of tourism.

Tourists’Willingness to Pay for Recreation Services in Nyerere National Park,Tanzania:Are We Overvaluing or Undervaluing Our Nature Recreation Resources?

This study estimated tourists’Willingness to Pay(WTP)per day for recreation services in Nyerere National Park(NNP)and compared these values with daily travel costs that are incurred by tourists to visit NNP in order to inform whether recreation resources in the park are overvalued or undervalued.The study revealed that tourists’WTP per day for recreation services was estimated at$237.4 and$1521 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.The estimated tourists’WTP values exceed the daily travel costs currently incurred by tourists,which are$201.04 and$1517.97 for resident and non-resident tourists,respectively.This indicates that tourists are willing to spend more to enjoy recreation services in NNP,which signifies that recreation resources in NNP are slightly undervalued.In addi­tion,the findings disclosed that the largest share of tourist daily travel expenses is allocated to transportation services,and very little is paid to the park as a conservation fee.It was revealed that out of the daily travel expenses incurred by non-resident and resident tourists,only 4.62%and 2.23%are respectively paid directly to NNP as conservation fees.This study considers that allocation is not very fair;thus,NNP,in collaboration with TANAPA,needs to adjust the current entrance or conservation fee and reduce the transportation costs charged by tourist companies.The travel costs incurred by tourists,age,education,monthly income,site visited,substitute site,and quality of park were identified as significant factors in influencing tourists’WTP for recreation services in NNP.Thus,policies oriented to reduce tour­ists’transportation costs and improve the quality of national parks would attract more tourists to NNP.

Return of Chinese Tourists

South Africa on 29 March received the first group of 13 tourists from China over the past three years.The tourists,taking a flight from Air China,landed at O.R.Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg and were welcomed by people from different walks of life.

从“媒体出圈”到“价值共创”:非传统旅游城市目的地品牌生态圈塑造研究

社交媒体平台的兴起催生了“网红打卡”式新兴旅游方式,带火了一批“网红城市”。对于知名度低、传统旅游吸引物匮乏的非传统旅游城市来说,媒体“出圈”容易,却难以形成持续稳定的目的地品牌形象。基于品牌生态圈理论,通过梳理“淄博烧烤”现象的关键事件,探索从单一网红要素到目的地品牌生态圈塑造的经验模式。研究发现,非传统旅游城市品牌生态圈塑造分四个阶段:聚焦“有效治理”的品牌生态圈前期阶段、聚焦“核心IP打造”的品牌核心圈塑造阶段、聚焦“价值共创”的品牌生态圈初步形成阶段和聚焦“适应性演化能力”的城市品牌生态圈可持续发展阶段,不同阶段分别受市场契合性、感官真实性、互动参与性、多主体联动性和情感体验性因素驱动。本研究为非传统旅游城市打造从媒体出圈到目的地品牌可持续发展模式提供了有益借鉴及参考。

中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性评价指标体系的构建与实证——以湖北省恩施州为例

山区旅游地兼具旅游资源丰富、生态环境脆弱、贫困人口集聚等多重特性,对中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性的科学评价有助于守护脱贫攻坚成果.本研究在农户生计韧性理论认知的基础上,结合区域特征构建了中国山区旅游地农户生计韧性评价指标体系,采用均值法对恩施州18个旅游村进行实证分析.研究结果表明:①以Speranza为代表的生计韧性评价指标体系较好地表达了农户应对冲击、实现更好结果的特性,但存在评价对象不明晰、指标选取不够严谨、评价体系构建不完整及本土适应性不够等问题;②结合中国山区旅游地特性对Speranza的评价指标进行了在地优化,通过Ω系数检验发现优化后的评价指标体系具有合理性;③恩施州旅游地农户的生计韧性总体处于低水平.从3大维度来看,除缓冲能力处于中等水平之外,学习能力和自组织能力均处于低水平,自组织能力水平最低.从地域分布来看,农户的生计韧性水平在不同地区或者同一地区的不同村落间都存在较大差异,其中宣恩县的农户生计韧性水平整体最低.

川藏南线自驾游客情感体验的特征与影响机制

以流动性体验为核心的旅游形式在全球化背景下日益流行。作为大尺度流动型旅游形式典型代表的长途自驾游,因冒险、追逐自由、私密、个性化、高不确定性等特征,赋予了游客独特且复杂的情感体验。目前,学界尚缺乏从更为系统的视角关注大尺度流动情境下游客情感体验的特征、前因与影响机制的实证研究。文章基于景观感知理论,采用定量研究与定性研究相结合的方法,以川藏南线(318国道成都至拉萨段)的自驾游客为研究对象,分析游客在大尺度流动情境下的情感体验特征与影响机制。文章发现:1)自驾游客的积极情感体验未达强烈水平,情感体验(尤其是积极情感体验)伴随着自驾这一流动性实践呈现出动态变化的波动特征,且涉及多个维度;2)基于自我需要满足与否、满足程度如何这一标准,自驾游客与环境的互动(包含两组类型、6类特征)促进了他们上述情感体验的产生,并通过动态反馈机制持续影响了情感体验。上述研究发现不仅完善了有关游客情感体验前因和影响机制以及自驾入藏旅游体验的实证研究体系,还为目的地的管理与营销提供了思路。

游客感知视角下城市绿地空间社会价值评估与影响因素研究

城市绿地空间生态系统服务社会价值最容易被人类感知和利用,对其量化评估与影响因素探究可为城市绿地空间优化提供科学依据。现有研究较少考虑服务设施对游客感知城市绿地社会价值的影响。因此,以武汉市东湖风景区为例,利用SolVES模型将6类游客社会价值感知数据进行空间量化,并探究自然资源环境要素和服务设施兴趣点密度对社会价值指数与空间分布的影响。结果表明:游客对东湖风景区社会价值偏好为文化价值>娱乐价值>美学价值>生物多样性价值>康体价值>可持续价值;社会价值热点区域集中在听涛景区和磨山景区,且大多分布在高程20~40m、坡度2°~6°、距离水体100m范围内;在影响因素上,旅游景点设施和植被覆盖度对各类社会价值影响的贡献值最大,且与社会价值呈正相关关系。

基于游客满意度分析的甘肃省乡村民宿发展策略研究

当前甘肃省乡村民宿产业正从浅层“农家乐”消遣型向深度乡村旅居度假和文化体验型转变,在此背景下,文章以甘肃省乡村民宿游客需求为导向,构建了“服务质量、安全管理、环境卫生、文化体验”四个维度的满意度评价指标体系,通过问卷调研获取研究数据,借助SPSS软件对甘肃省乡村民宿游客满意度进行评价分析,基于游客满意度指标提出了甘肃省乡村民宿存在服务质量整体偏低、安全保障相对不足、卫生标准不够完善、文化品位参差不齐4个方面的问题,相应地给出了以游客满意度为中心,提升服务质量、做好基础设施建设,加强民宿安全管理、规范环境卫生标准,走绿色可持续发展道路、构建民宿文化氛围,凸显地域乡土特色4条解决路径。

建党百年文化视域下的新疆红色旅游融合研究

本文选取网络文本数据,以入选“建党百年红色旅游百条精品线路”的新疆21个景区为例,对比分析景区的红色旅游体验文本和红色文化传播文本,了解建党百年文化视域下新疆红色旅游和红色文化的融合发展情况。研究结果表明,在新疆红色旅游中,游客对红色文化载体的感知最为强烈,能够对红色文化产生一定认同感,红色旅游的教育功能较为显著;同时,游客在游览过程中的积极情绪有利于其产生幸福感。今后可进一步推动新疆“红色文化+”融合发展,借助现代科学技术提升红色文化融入度,加强红色文化产品创意设计和品牌打造,并借助营销不断扩大红色文化影响力,更好地传承红色文化,推动新疆红色旅游健康、快速发展。

旅游者风险感知对目的地信任影响研究——政府信任的中介作用

旅游者风险感知与信任密切相关,各种风险所带来的不确定性会改变社会互动并造成信任危机,而旅游者目的地信任是影响旅游者满意度与忠诚度的重要因素。以安东尼·吉登斯关于风险感知和信任的论述为理论依据建立分析框架,通过网络问卷对326名风险经历者进行调查,并以政府信任为中介变量,以风险沟通、应急处置为调节变量,重点探讨了公共卫生事件情境下旅游者风险感知对其目的地信任的作用机制与效应。结果显示:风险感知对旅游者政府信任具有显著负向影响,而风险感知对旅游者目的地信任无显著影响;政府信任对旅游者目的地信任具有显著正向影响;风险沟通在风险感知与政府信任中不存在调节作用,应急处置在风险感知与政府信任中存在调节作用。

基于梅山文化的乡村旅游食品包装设计研究

梅山,既是地域名称,又是文化符号。从梅山文化入手,分析了梅山地区乡村旅游食品包装设计的现状,总结出梅山文化的原始性、记忆性和神秘性特征,进而提出原型符号转译法、形态多元构成法和情感记忆表达法3种设计方法,并将其应用于梅山地区旅游食品包装设计实践,以促进梅山文化的传承发展,推动梅山地区旅游发展。

基于游客视角的旅游促进“三交”机理研究

旅游提供了各民族接触、了解、互动的场域,但其如何促进“三交”的内在机理还未明确。基于认知-情感-意动理论,从游客视角探索旅游促进“三交”的机理,发现:游客旅游体验、旅游满意度、旅游认同、“三交”行为具象共同构成了旅游促进“三交”的机制模型,其中,旅游满意度、旅游认同(中华民族共同体认同、地方认同)在这其中起链式中介作用。旅游促进“三交”中要平衡营利性与公益性、融合性的关系,协调求异性与共同性、统一性的关系,统筹推进体验性与互嵌性。基于游客视角,可以从拓展旅游时空、提升游客体验、强化国家感知等方面来铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

网红经济时代旅游地意象塑造演化的过程机制研究——以“淄博烧烤”为例

聚焦网红旅游地淄博,参照网络文本分析法,探究旅游地和游客多主体间互动推动旅游地意象持续塑造演化过程机制。结果显示:(1)网红经济时代“淄博烧烤”意象是在旅游地和游客互动耦合下被塑造并不断叠加演化;(2)意象演化经历了网络发酵期、政府主导期、游客自发期和意象回稳期,各阶段意象驱动力分别是网络媒介、政府主体、游客行为和稳固意象,且演化过程类似旅游地生命周期理论,但因网红经济特性,其生命周期时长及演化速度有所不同;(3)居民以积极参与和热情态度一改“主客”不平衡关系,勾勒出良好意象的清晰事实,凸显其在意象塑造中的地位和作用。

基于机器学习的历史文化街区游客感知多维度评价研究——以西安市北院门历史文化街区为例

旅游开发是历史文化街区活化利用的重要途径。游客的认知兴趣能够如实反映历史文化街区的价值传递与文化传承效果,引导具有文化价值的旅游资源发展方向。为优化文化场所营造、提高文化服务水平,游客感知逐渐成为判断历史文化街区保护利用工作实际进展效果的重要依据。本文选取西安市北院门历史文化街区为研究对象,运用机器学习中的LDA主题模型,从更关注历史内涵与文化价值传递的视角,探讨历史文化街区游客感知的多维度评价方法。研究发现:北院门历史文化街区的游客感知总体呈现高度不均衡的特征,“民族特色美食街”的感知形象占据主导地位;游客感知维度按旅游吸引力强度依次为消费体验、地方美食、景观建筑、环境氛围、生活记忆和非遗文化,消费体验与地方美食维度高度绑定,且对其他维度的带动作用极为有限;不同游客感知维度评价差异显著,消费体验和景观建筑维度关注度较高、满意度相对较低,历史文化传递效果欠佳,非遗文化和生活记忆维度满意度较高、关注度相对较低,保护挖潜力度不足。研究结果能有效反映北院门街区对游客的历史文化传递效果,对历史文化街区实现文化传承与旅游资源利用的双重目标具有重要意义。

环青海湖骑行游客情感动态性的特征与发生机制

运用混合研究方法,以环青海湖骑行为例,揭示骑行游客情感动态性的特征,并基于地方理论和景观感知理论构建“区位-场所-情感”三维分析框架,识别情感动态性的发生机制。研究发现:①强度方面,与消极情感相比,游客积极情感的可变性及不稳定性的数值更高、数值区间更大,表明积极情感强度的波动程度更明显,游客之间的波动程度的差异性也更大。②多样性方面,游客消极情感多样性的变化最为明显,消极情感体验在骑行出发时最复杂,积极情感体验则在旅途结束时最复杂。③骑行所经之地独特的区位特质为游客提供了跨地方的差异化体验,场所特质则提供了具体的地方展演和体验方式。两者共同作用,不断引发骑行游客产生积极、消极情感,发生强度及类型上的变化,并在时空变换下将冰冷的道路空间转换为蕴含着丰富多变的人类情感的特殊地方。