Tourmaline改性沥青混凝土路面降温性能研究

为解决夏季沥青路面温度过高问题,研发了tourmaline改性沥青,制备了tourmaline改性沥青混凝土。从试件制备、试验仪器、测温点及隔热方式等方面确定了最合理的路面测温试验方法,在此基础上,系统研究了外界温度及tourmaline掺量和类型对tourmaline改性沥青路面降温性能的影响规律,并对tourmaline改性沥青混凝土的降温机理与路用性能进行了分析。结果表明,tourmaline可显著降低沥青路面的温度;外界温度越高,tourmaline对沥青混凝土的降温效果越好;随tourmaline掺量的增加,tourmaline改性沥青混凝土的降温性能不断提高,当掺量超过17%时,其降温性能变化不明显;tourmaline负离子粉的降温性能较tourmaline粉更佳,其降温性能随负离子释放量的增大而提高,当负离子释放量超过5 000 ions时,tourmaline的降温性能相差不大;tourmaline的添加能够显著改善沥青混凝土的高温性能、低温性能及水稳定性等路用性能。

Tourmaline改性沥青的阻燃抑烟性能

为满足无卤、无毒、抑烟、高效的新型环保型沥青阻燃剂的发展要求,开发Tourmaline阻燃改性沥青,借助极限氧指数试验初步评价Tourmaline阻燃改性沥青的阻燃性能,基于沥青混合料燃烧试验,系统研究Tourmaline掺量、类型、细度和负离子释放量等因素对沥青阻燃性能的影响规律,并进一步研究Tourmaline改性沥青混合料的路用性能。研究结果表明:沥青的流淌和Tourmaline的离析造成Tourmaline改性沥青的氧指数偏低;Tourmaline改性沥青具有较好的阻燃抑烟效果,在Tourmaline种类相同的条件下,Tourmaline改性沥青的阻燃性能随Tourmaline掺量、细度和负离子释放量的增大而提高;不同类型的Tourmaline改性沥青阻燃性能不同,Tourmaline负离子粉的阻燃改善功效比Tourmaline粉的优;Tourmaline的掺入能够显著改善沥青混合料的高温性能、低温性能、水稳定性等路用性能。

用Millicell底膜培养皿研究Tourmaline对ECV-304细胞增殖的影响

目的 用联合培养的方法研究Tourmaline对体外培养的人血管内皮细胞(ECV-304)增殖作用的影响。方法 用放置Tourmaline微球的Millicell底膜培养皿与人血管内皮细胞ECV304联合培养。通过细胞形态、细胞融合面积、细胞计数及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的免疫细胞化学等方法观察培养细胞增殖的变化。结果 联合培养24h后Tourmaline组(与对照组比)细胞形态正常,呈铺路石样生长,贴壁细胞覆盖率从(79.50±5.92)％长到(90.17±3.49)％(P<0.05),细胞数增加(16.62±4.14)％(P<0.05),PCNA阳性细胞为(43.50±3.19)％,与对照组比,差异均有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。结论 Tourmaline可通过加强DNA合成,促进体外培养的ECV-304细胞增殖。

Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔血液流变性的影响

目的 研究Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔血液流变性的影响。方法 用静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐(MW>140000)的方法复制高黏血症家兔模型。测定应用Tourmaline纤维(实验组,n=6)及对照纤维(对照组,n=6)前后高切(120s^(-1))、低切(20s^(-1))时全血黏度(锥板黏度计法)、血浆黏度(锥板黏度计法)、红细胞沉降率(温氏法)、血浆纤维蛋白原(浊度法)、红细胞变形(微孔滤膜法)的变化。结果实验组高黏血症家兔低切全血黏度在应用Tourmaline纤维6h后开始降低,与应用前比差异有显著意义(P<0.05),且持续24h。高切全血黏度仅在24h时出现明显降低(P<0.05)。其它指标实验前后变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论 Tourmaline纤维能降低高黏血症家兔的全血黏度,这可能是它改善微循环的机制之一。

Tourmaline纤维的扫描电子显微镜观察及其对高黏血症家兔皮下血流量的影响

目的 研究Tourmaline纤维的形态特征及Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔皮下微循环血液灌注量的改善作用。方法 对Tourmaline纤维作扫描电镜观察。用高分子右旋糖酐复制家兔高黏血症模型。用含与不含Tourmaline(对照)纤维的棉絮包裹家兔胸腹部后测6、12及24h时剑突区、左上肢、左下肢固定点皮下血液灌注量变化(用激光多普勒血流仪)。测定反复清洗Tourmaline棉絮对改善血液灌注量的影响。结果 Tourmaline纤维有独特的纵形深沟及微细的环形横向浅沟,纤维表面有大量超微颗粒。与对照组比,Tourmaline棉絮包裹的高黏血症家兔剑突区血流量明显增加,其它各区变化不显著。清洗对上述作用无显著影响。结论 Tourmaline纤维具有独特的结构特征,它有改善高黏血症家兔皮下微循环血液灌注量的作用。

Tourmaline纤维抑制高黏血症家兔血小板聚集的实验研究

目的 研究Tourmaline纤维对高黏血症家兔血小板聚集的影响。方法 用静脉注射高分子右旋糖酐(MW>140000)的方法复制高黏血症家兔模型,测定应用Tourmaline纤维(实验组,n=6)及对照纤维(对照组,n=6)前后血小板聚集率(1分钟聚集率A1和最大聚集率Amax)的变化。并分析TXA_2水平的变化与血小板Amax间的相关关系。结果 与对照组比,实验组高黏血症家兔在应用Tourmaline纤维后6、12h血小板A1和Amax明显降低,与应用前比,差异有显著意义(P<0.05),12h时TXA_2降低与A-max间呈显著负相关(r=-0.94),24h无显著差异(与对照组比)。结论 使用Tourmaline纤维6h和12h后,高黏血症家兔的血小板聚集明显被抑制,此作用与血浆TXA_2的降低相关。

Proto-Adamastor ocean crust(920 Ma)described in Brasiliano Orogen from coetaneous zircon and tourmaline

Proto-Adamastor ocean bathed Rodinia and successor continental fragments from 1.0-0.9 Ga up to0.75 Ga,and evolved into world Adamastor Ocean at 0.75-0.60 Ga.Mesoproterozoic oceanic crust is poorly preserved on continents,only indirect evidence registered in Brasiliano Orogen.We report first evidence of ophiolite originated in proto-Adamastor.We use multi-technique U-Pb-Hf zircon andδ^11B tourmaline isotopic and elemental compositions.The host tourmalinite is enclosed in metaserpentinite,both belonging to the Bossoroca ophiolite.Zircon is 920 Ma-old,εHf(920 Ma)=+12,HfTDM=1.0 Ga and has’oceanic’composition(e.g.,U/Yb<0.1).Tourmaline is dravite withδ^11B=+1.8‰(Tur 1),0‰(Tur 2),-8.5‰(Tur 3).These characteristics are a novel contribution to Rodinia and associated world ocean,because a fragment of proto-Adamastor oceanic crust and mantle evolved at the beginning of the Brasiliano Orogen.

Tourmaline寝具保健功效的实验研究及临床观察

目的:Tourmaline是一种具有永久电极的天然矿石。通过压电效应和热电效应而产生功能,将其参入纤维,做成寝具,对人体具有保健效果,可以在睡眠中增进健康。本研究旨在观察和证实Tourmaline健康睡眠寝具对人体的保健功效。方法:研究的方法是采用对产品各项功能指标测试、动物实验研究、体外细胞培养、血液细胞检测、临床使用体验和群体调查研究等综合研究评估。结果:研究结果显示:1)Tourmaline健康睡眠寝具可以改善人体循环,降低血液粘度,促进血小板解聚,增强新陈代谢,消除异味,改善睡眠。2)通过加强DNA合成,显著促进血管内皮细胞增殖,预防及改善动脉硬化,对中风具有二级预防作用,促进脑梗死后神经功能的恢复,在临床使用中安全可靠。3)对软组织伤痛及机体退行性病变引起的各种临床症状和体征,有明显的理疗和缓解作用。经对比研究,用托玛琳健康睡眠寝具与对照组理疗效果无统计学意义。4)显著改善糖尿病周围神经病变,使用一年后,疼痛、麻木及烧灼感明显改善,延缓病情进展。其中轻度及早期病变效果更佳,血糖控制越好,症状改善就越明显。结论:Tourmaline健康睡眠寝具通过压电效应和热电效应,发射远红外线、释放负离子、微电流和抑菌除臭,改善人体微循环,增强细胞代谢,调节神经功能、改善睡眠、消除异味,从而增强细胞代谢,使人在睡眠中获得健康。Tourmaline寝具是一种具有保健功效的健康睡眠寝具。

Chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline in the Longtoushan hydrothermal gold deposit, Guangxi, China:implications for gold mineralization

The Longtoushan hydrothermal gold deposit is located in the southwestern region of the Dayaoshan Uplift.Tourmaline is widespread in the Longtoushan gold deposit and is mainly distributed in the rhyolite porphyry and associated cryptoexplosive breccia. The spatial distribution of tourmaline enrichment is similar to that of the gold orebody. Feldspar has been largely replaced by tourmaline in the rhyolite porphyry and cryptoexplosive breccia.Electron microprobe analysis revealed that tourmalines in the Longtoushan deposit belong mainly to the alkali group and partly to the X-vacant group; they mostly fell in the schorl-dravite series field. Two distinct sets of dominant substitutions were observed: MgFe_(-1) and Al□(NaR2+)-1,where R = Fe, Mg. In addition, minor substitutions include(CaMg)(NaAl)_(-1) and FeAl_(-1). The calculated d11 B value for the mineralizing fluids ranged from-12.8 to-9.7%,which is typical of S-type granites, and boron-enriched fluids predominantly derived from rhyolitic melt. Part of the tourmaline from the rhyolite porphyry crystallized during the magmatic-hydrothermal stage, whereas most tourmalines from the deposit formed in the post-magmatic hydrothermal stage. The tourmalines were deposited from a relatively reduced and acidic fluid system, and the gold predominantly precipitated during the post-magmatic hydrothermal stage in the Longtoushan deposit.

Polar Mineral Tourmaline and Its Effect on the Photocatalysis of Nano-TiO2

The mechanism for tourmaline powder improving the photocatalysis effect of nano-TiO2 was studied by electron-spin resonance (ESR). It is found that the intensity of the signal of hydroxyl free radical produced by the mixture of the tourmaline and nano-TiO2 through 355nm wavelength ultraviolet radiating is increased. Under natural light, the mixture of nano TiO2 and tourmaline powder in a certain weight ratio can improve the effect of decomposing methyl orange that proved that the ESR result was right. The tourmaline particle could promote the photocatalysis of nano-TiO2. This result may be due to the surface electric field of the tourmaline, which can absorb the particle of nano-TiO2 and make the electron inspired by photon transfer from the inner of nano-TiO2 particle to its surface, and even make the electron transfer into tourmaline particle.

Modification of Nano Tourmaline Surface Treatment Agent and Its Performance on Negative Ion Release

In this paper,a kind of wall fabric’s surface treatment agent modified with nonionic surfactant was reported.This surface treatment agent was prepared by using nano tourmaline powder dispersion in water with surfactant as dispersants by sand milling.Under the influence of different dispersants,the negative ions releasing amount of functional wall fabrics,the milling process and the storage stability of nano tourmaline powder dispersion were discussed.The results showed that nano tourmaline powder dispersion achieved the smallest average diameter of 44 nm and had best storage stability that the average diameter maintained below 200 nm in 17 days when the addition amount of dispersant was 20 percent of the tourmaline powders’weight.What is more,the quantity of negative ion releasing achieved 6500 ion/cm3 when addition amount of dispersant was 30 percent.This technique could be used to strengthen productivity of nano tourmaline powder dispersion.

Tourmaline geochemistry and boron isotopic variations as a guide to fluid evolution in the Qiman Tagh W-Sn belt, East Kunlun, China

The Qiman Tagh W-Sn belt lies in the westernmost section of the East Kunlun Orogen, NW China, and is associated with early Paleozoic monzogranites, tourmaline is present throughout this belt. In this paper we report chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline from wall rocks, monzogranites, and quartz veins within the belt, for studying the evolution of ore-forming fluids. Tourmaline crystals hosted in the monzogranite and wall rocks belong to the alkali group, while those hosted in quartz veins belong to both the alkali and X-site vacancy groups. Tourmaline in the walk rocks lies within the schorl-dravite series and becomes increasingly schorlitic in the monzogranite and quartz veins. Detrital tourmaline in the wall rocks is commonly both optically and chemically zoned,with cores being enriched in Mg compared with the rims. In the Al-Fe-Mg and Ca-Fe-Mg diagrams,tourmaline from the wall rocks plots in the fields of Al-saturated and Ca-poor metapelite, and extends into the field of Li-poor granites, while those from the monzogranite and quartz veins lie within the field of Li-poor granites. Compositional substitution is best represented by the MgFe_(-1), Al(NaR)_(-1), and AlO(Fe(OH))_(-1) exchange vectors. A wider range of δ^(11)B values from -11.1‰ to -7.1‰ is observed in the wall-rock tourmaline crystals, the B isotopic values combining with elemental diagrams indicate a source of metasediments without marine evaporates for the wall rocks in the Qiman Tagh belt. The δ^(11)B values of monzogranite-hosted tourmaline range from -10.7‰ and-9.2‰, corresponding to the continental crust sediments, and indicate a possible connection between the wall rocks and the monzogranite. The overlap in δ^(11)B values between wall rocks and monzogranite implies that a transfer of δ^(11)B values by anataxis with little isotopic fractionation between tourmaline and melts. Tourmaline crystals from quartz veins have δ^(11)B values between -11.0‰ and-9.6‰, combining with the elemental diagrams and geological features, thus indicating a common granite-derived source for the quartz veins and little B isotopic fractionation occurred. Tourmalinite in the wall rocks was formed by metasomatism by a granite-derived hydrothermal fluid, as confirmed by the compositional and geological features.Therefore, we propose a single B-rich sedimentary source in the Qiman Tagh belt, and little boron isotopic fractionation occurred during systematic fluid evolution from the wall rocks, through monzogranite, to quartz veins and tourmalinite.

Effect of Tourmaline Modified with La-Doped Nano-CeO_2 on Consumption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Tourmaline was modified with cerous nitrate and lanthanum nitrate by coprecipitation method. Through characterization by differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was found that the tourmaline modified with La-doped nano-CeO_2 had a better far infrared emitting property than the tourmaline modified with CeO2, which depended on La enhancing the redox properties of CeO_2, leaded to much more oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ in the tourmaline. Based on the results of the water boiling test, it was found that the tourmaline modified with La-doped nano-CeO_2 could decrease the consumption of liquefied petroleum gas, which resulted from the tourmaline modified with La-doped nano-CeO_2 decreasing the molecular clusters volume of liquefied petroleum gas and combustion-supporting air.

Boron isotopic variations in tourmaline from metacarbonates and associated calc-silicate rocks from the Bohemian Massif: Constraints on boron recycling in the Variscan orogen

Various metacarbonate and associated calc-silicate rocks form minor but genetically significant components of the lithological units in the Bohemian Massif of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe.These rocks vary in terms of their lithostratigraphy,chemical composition and mineral assemblage(dolomite/calcite ratio,silicate abundance).Tourmaline is present in five paragenetic settings within the metacarbonate and calc-silicate units.TypeⅠcomprises individual,euhedral,prismatic grains and grain aggregates in a carbonate-dominant(calcite±dolomite)matrix poor in silicates.TypeⅡis characterized by euhedral to subhedral grains and coarse-to fine-grained aggregates in silicate-rich layers/nests within metacarbonate bodies whereas typeⅢoccurs as prismatic grains and aggregates at the contact zones between carbonate and associated silicate host rocks.TypeⅣis in veins crosscutting metacarbonate bodies,and typeⅣtourmaline occurs at the exocontacts of elbaite-subtype granitic pegmatite.Tourmaline from the different settings shows distinctive compositional features.Typical for typeⅠare Mg-rich compositions,with fluor-uvite>dravite>>magnesio-lucchesiite.Tourmalines from typeⅡsilicate-rich layers/nests are highly variable,corresponding to oxy-schorl,magnesio-foitite,Al-rich dravite and fluor-uvite.Typical for typeⅢtourmalines are Ca,Ti-bearing oxy-dravite compositions.The typeⅣveins feature dravite and fluor-uvite tourmaline compositions whereas typeⅤtourmaline is Li,F-rich dravite.Tourmaline is the only Bbearing phase in paragenetic typesⅠ-Ⅳ,where it is characterised by two principal ranges of B-isotope composition(δ^11B=-13‰to-9‰and-18‰to-14‰).These ranges correspond to regionally different units of the Moldanubian Zone.Thus,the Svratka Unit(Moldanubian Zone s.l.)contains only isotopically lighter tourmaline(δ^11B=-18‰to-14‰),whereas metacarbonates in the Poli?ka unit(Teplá-Barrandian Zone)and Olesnice unit(Moravicum of the Moravo-Silesian Zone)has exclusively isotopically heavier tourmaline(δ^11B=-9‰to-13‰).Tourmalines from metacarbonates in the Variegated Unit cover both ranges of isotope composition.The isotopically light end of the B isotope range may indicate the presence of continental evaporites within individual investigated areas.On the other hand,variations in the range of~8δ-units is consistent with the reported shift in B isotopic composition of metasedimentary rocks of the Bohemian Massif due to the prograde metamorphism from very-low grade to eclogite facies.In contrast to the metacarbonate-hosted settings,tourmaline of paragenetic type V from the exocontact of granitic pegmatites displays a significantly heavier range ofδ^11B(as low as-7.7‰to-0.6‰),which is attributed to partitioning of 10 B to cogenetic axinite and/or different B-signature of the source pegmatite containing tourmaline with heavyδ^11B signature.

Chronology and Genesis of S-type Granites in Hetai District, Guangdong Province: Constraints from LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb Dating and Tourmaline Boron Isotope In-situ Analyses

1 Introduction Hetai district,which is a mountainous area,situated on Guangning and Zhaoqing city,west Guangdong Province.Hetai district is generally located on southwest of South China Caledonian fold belt,east margin of Yunkai post-Caledonian uplift.Multiple type granites are widely distributed in Hetai district,including Caledonian,Indosinian and Yanshanian granites.Based on

Effect of Resin Composite Materials Containing Tourmaline Powders Modified with Lanthanum Element on Diesel Oil Combustion

The resin composite materials (RCM) were prepared by the method of doping resin with tourmaline powders modified with lanthanum element. It was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), IR radiation determination, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). The results showed that the RCM could radiate higher intensity of far infrared. The molecular movement was strengthened and the inter-molecular contacts were easily reduced when the diesel oil was dealt with the RCM. The effects of the RCM on the oil consumption and air pollutant emissions of oil-burning boiler were investigated. The oil-saving rate of the RBS·VH-1.5 boiler dealt with the RCM was 2.76%, and the reducing rates of CO and NO in the exhaust gas were 32.9% and 15.8%, respectively.

Geochemical and Boron Isotopic Evidence that Tourmaline Records Country Rock Assimilation of Leucogranites in the Himalayan Orogen

Tourmaline geochemical and boron(B)isotopic compositions in two-mica granites(TMG),tourmaline-bearing leucogranites(Tou-LG),tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong-Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide evidence for country rock assimilation during the intrusion of Himalayan leucogranite.The schorls in Gyirong leucogranitic plutons show low contents of MgO(0.238%-1.160%)and δ^(11)B values(-12.1‰--11.2‰),while dravites gathered in the contact zone between the leucogranitic veins and metapelites show high contents of MgO(4.815%-6.755%)and δ^(11)B values(-10.7‰--9.3‰).This geochemical and isotopic variation of tourmalines can also be identified in the Malashan gneiss dome.As a result,three types of tourmaline were identified in the Himalayan orogen:(1)Tou-Ⅰ in the TMG and Tou-LG,which is the most common tourmaline type of schorl;(2)Tou-Ⅱ(dravite and high-Mg schorl)in the Tou-LG and tourmalite at the margins of the leucogranite;and(3)Tou-Ⅲ(mainly dravite,with minor high-Mg schorl)in metapelites of the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence.The lenses and veins of Tou-LG may have experienced metasomatism and assimilation as a result of interaction with the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence metasedimentary country rocks,which can be traced by the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the tourmaline therein.

AN OCCURRENCE OF THE ASSEMBLAGE GRANDIDIERITE, KORNERUPINE, AND TOURMALINE IN ANTARCTICA

Grandidierite, kornerupine, and tourmaline occur in high-grade pelitic gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. The three minerals contact to each other and show a special order: Trn1→Gdd→Trn2→Krn→Trn3, suggesting the occurrence of the assemblage is controlled by the temporal changes of the chemical potentials of B2O3 and H2O. The discovery of the assemblage is a good constraint on the seting and composition feature of metamorphism in the area.

Importance of Tourmaline Gneiss and Vein near Main Central Thrust in Sikkim Darjeeling Himalaya

Lingtse gneiss (LGn) and Higher Himalayan crystallines (HHC) comprise parts of main central thrust (MCT) in the Darjeeling Sikkim Himalaya. Tourmaline bearing gneiss and quartz tourmaline veins are reported in immediate contact with the LGn and some lesser Himalayan rocks in this study. Their importance is inferred via their comparative occurrence, micro-texture and chemistry. Flow of ductile crust was proposed to expose deep crustal rocks in the Himalayas in form of these gneissic rocks. Generation of paragneissic HHC from the protolith like the lesser Himalayan rocks like biotite-muscovite schist was proposed and documented in previous studies. The main central thrust where the principal motion is reported to date at circa 20 Ma appears in the contact regions of the HHC and lesser Himalayan rocks. Whether the tourmaline bearing gneiss or veins is a product during the episode of generation of the Higher Himalayan crystallines, which is taken as a component of the higher Himalayan crystallines episode remains a question as both concordant and discordant tourmaline bearing gneiss and/or quartzo-feldspahic veins appear respectively. The mm-cm scale tourmaline in the occasionally discordant quartz tourmaline veins shows strong zonation and less effects of shearing. Those are strongly zoned indicating magmatic hydrothermal character. The matrix tourmaline shows a separate composition. However, evidences of a less prominent shearing in them might signify rejuvenation. Lower temperature activity and fluid movement in this thrust zone are signified from the microstructure signifying that the high grade main central thrust was probably rejuvenated during or after the veining.

Effects of Tourmaline on Dehydrogenase Activity of Activated Sludge

The black tourmaline produced in Lingshou of Hebei Province was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope,and the effect of tourmaline on dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge was studied.The results showed that tourmaline increased the dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge and enhanced the stability of dehydrogenase to pH change.It made the pH value of activated sludge with different initial pH value tend to about 7.4,and improved the dehydrogenase activity of activated sludge.In addition to affecting water molecular groups,it was also related to maintaining the constant weak alkaline pH of the system.