FKA-DKT:融合知识与能力的深度知识追踪模型

知识追踪(KT)是智能教育中的一个重要研究问题,其通过分析学生的历史交互来预测其未来的答题情况.现有的主流KT模型仅根据学生的知识掌握情况对学生进行建模,忽视了学生的个人能力在答题中的作用.因此,本文提出了一种融合知识和能力的深度知识追踪模型(FKA-DKT).首先利用DKT模型构建基于知识的答题预测网络(KAPN),从知识层面预测学生答案的正确性.然后提出基于能力的答案预测(AAPN)网络对学生的能力进行建模,从能力层面预测学生答案的正确性.最后,将KAPN和AAPN的预测结果进行线性组合,使模型能够融合知识和能力两个方面的信息来预测学生的作答结果.在4个公开的数据集上的实验结果表明,相较于现有的主流方法,FKA-DKT在AUC指标上取得了显著的性能提升.

Effects of Spherical Light-weight Aggregates Additions on Workability and Mechanical Properties of Al_2O_3-SiO_2 System Castables

In order to clarify the effect of spherical light-weight aggregates addition on properties of A12 07 - Si02 system castables, adopting ATO mullite traditional light-weight aggregates and ATO mullite spherical light-weight aggre- gates, bauxite homogenization powder, microsilica , cal- cium aluminate cement as main raw materials, light- weight Al2 03 - SiO2 system castables were prepared by replacing conventional light-weight aggregate with spherical light-weight aggregates. The effects of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates addition on workability, me- chanical properties of castables after heated at different temperatures were researched; the microstructure of the aggregates was analyzed by SEM. The result shows that the introduction of spherical light-weight aggregates can significantly improve the flowability and reduce the water addition of the castables. Water demand of the castable is reduced from 18% with the conventional light-weight aggregates to 14% with spherical light-weight aggre- gates. In addition, light-weight castables prepared by spherical aggregates can keep the same workability with- in a wider range of water addition. Therefore, spherical aggregates are user-friendly. The introduction of spheri- cal light-weight aggregates is favorable to packing densi- ty and mechanical properties of castables, such as cold crushing strength, cold modulus of rupture, hot modulus of rupture at 1 200℃.

基于学生-问题关联的异构图知识追踪模型

知识追踪旨在评估学习者的学习状态,并根据先前的答题情况预测他们未来的答题表现.然而现有的知识追踪模型大多仅关注问题或技能间的关联,忽略了学生与问题间的结构关系.为此我们提出了基于学生问题关联的异构图知识追踪模型(StudentProblem association based heterogeneous graph Knowledge Tracing model,SPKT).该模型在知识追踪中融合了学生的学习能力和问题的重要性,并使用图注意力网络学习学生问题间的关联,获得学生、问题的嵌入表示并进行知识状态的预测.通过在真实公开数据集上的性能对比和模型消融实验,并可视化SPKT模型的知识追踪效果,证明了SPKT在预测性能上优于现有的知识追踪模型.

Machine learning-based classification of rock discontinuity trace:SMOTE oversampling integrated with GBT ensemble learning

This paper presents a hybrid ensemble classifier combined synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE),random search(RS)hyper-parameters optimization algorithm and gradient boosting tree(GBT)to achieve efficient and accurate rock trace identification.A thirteen-dimensional database consisting of basic,vector,and discontinuity features is established from image samples.All data points are classified as either‘‘trace”or‘‘non-trace”to divide the ultimate results into candidate trace samples.It is found that the SMOTE technology can effectively improve classification performance by recommending an optimized imbalance ratio of 1:5 to 1:4.Then,sixteen classifiers generated from four basic machine learning(ML)models are applied for performance comparison.The results reveal that the proposed RS-SMOTE-GBT classifier outperforms the other fifteen hybrid ML algorithms for both trace and nontrace classifications.Finally,discussions on feature importance,generalization ability and classification error are conducted for the proposed classifier.The experimental results indicate that more critical features affecting the trace classification are primarily from the discontinuity features.Besides,cleaning up the sedimentary pumice and reducing the area of fractured rock contribute to improving the overall classification performance.The proposed method provides a new alternative approach for the identification of 3D rock trace.

3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine.Structure and energy abilities as a component of solid composite propellants

The work addresses to the study of the molecular and crystal structure and properties of a new energyintensive compound 3,6-bis(2,2,2-trinitroethylnitramino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(NBTAT),first obtained by the authors in 2020.NBTAT compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system,space group P2(1)/n,density at room temperature 1.939 g/cm^(3).The energies of crystal packing and pairwise intermolecular interactions in NBTAT and its unnitrated analogue BTAT were calculated,and their comparative analysis was carried out.The enthalpy of formation of NBTAT molecules was calculated by quantum-chemical methods using Gaussian 09,and the enthalpy of formation of NBTAT in the solid phase(618 kJ/mol)was estimated.The energy capabilities of NBTAT as an oxidizer of solid composite propellants are estimated.It is shown that in metal-free compositions NBTAT is significantly superior to ammonium perchlorate(AP),dinitramide ammonium salt(ADN),HMX,BTAT at all stages of rocket systems,and is comparable to the superdense CL-20 yielding to the latter at the lower stages and slightly winning at the upper stages.

微量Co的添加对Sn-Bi共晶钎料性能的影响

Sn-58Bi作为一种低熔点共晶钎料在低温封装中有着广泛应用,但Bi相作为一种脆性相在一定程度上限制了Sn-58Bi的使用。因此,在不提高Sn-58Bi合金熔点的前提下降低Sn-Bi共晶钎料脆性、提高其抗拉强度成为目前急需解决的问题之一。制备了Sn-58Bi-0.02Co钎料合金,通过添加微量元素Co的方式对钎料合金性能进行优化。研究发现,微量Co的添加对Sn-58Bi熔点影响较小,且Co添加后开始润湿时间缩短、最大润湿力增加,Co的添加具有弥散强化的作用,使钎料的强度和塑性都有了一定程度的提升。

JS-140型胶塞清洗灭菌干燥联合机组与GMP

JS- 140型胶塞清洗、灭菌、干燥联合机组将药用天然胶塞的清洗、灭菌、干燥结为一体。本文从设备及工艺两方面将该机与传统处理方法相比较 ,证明了该机在无菌条件下进行清洗、灭菌、干燥 ,减少了环境对胶塞的污染 ,提高了胶塞的处理质量 ,符合 GMP要求。

Distribution and occurrence of trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine

Optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry （SEM-EDX）, have been used to study the minerals and the concentrations of 12 trace elements in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine, Inner Mongolia China. The distribution, affinity and removability of the trace elements were studied by float-sink experiments and petrological methods. A high mineral content, dominated by clay minerals, was found in the No.14 coal from the Huolinhe mine. The concentrations of As, Sb and Hg are relatively high compared to the average values for Chinese coals. As, Cr, Hg, Li, Mn, Pb are mainly associated with the minerals while Cd, Co, Ni, Sb, and Se are evenly distributed between the minerals and the organic matter. Be and Ba are mainly distributed in the minerals with a minor proportion in the organic matter. Most elements have a low organic affinity, although Sb, Se, Co, Cd, Ni are closely integrated with the organic matter. High theoretical removabilities are indicated for most trace elements. So it may be possible to lower the concentrations of trace elements during coal preparation.

Bioleaching of trace elements and rare earth elements from coal fly ash

Coal fly ash originated from coal combustion has high concentrations of metals. If suitable leaching techniques are identified, then coal fly ash could serve as a useful source of valuable minerals including rare earth elements (REEs). In this study, three microbial strains, Candida bombicola, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Cryptococcus curvatus were tested on their performance of leaching trace elements and REEs from fly ash. Through comparing mineral loss and leaching efficiencies resulting from indirect leaching or use of the culture supernatant, C. bombicola was identified to be the best leading to the highest mineral loss and extracting efficiencies of trace elements and REEs among the three strains. The highest mineral loss observed from using the supernatant of this yeast strain was 59.7%. Among all trace elements, As and Mo had the highest leaching efficiency of 80.9% and 79.5%. respectively. The same leaching test led to 67.7% of Yb and 64.6% of Er dissolved from the ash. This study, thus, demonstrated that bioleaching is feasible for leaching metals out of fly ash. The C. bombicola strain deserves further investigation due to its robust actions on metal leaching.

Assessment of trace metals contamination in stream sediments and soils in Abuja leather mining, southwestern Nigeria

This study is aimed at determining the level of environmental degradation as well as the concentration of trace elements in soil and stream sediments in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the mining operation.Twenty-five(25) soils and ten(10) stream sediment samples were collected from the study area. The physicochemical parameters were determined using appropriate instrumentation with the aid of a digital p H meter(Milwaukee meter) to measure the p H and electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, moisture content and loss on ignition of the soil and stream sediment samples. The p H of the soil sample ranged from(6.10 to 7.19); Electrical conductivity ranged from(21.3 to 279.4 μS/cm), moisture content varied from(0.60% to 7.20%), and the LOI ranged from(2.03% to 18.62%). The results of the analysis showed that the concentrations of the trace elements in the soils and stream sediment samples were slightly higher than the background values. Plots of the trace elements in stream sediment samples show moderate, consistent decrease downstream except at points where there was mine water discharge into the main river. The pollution levels of heavy metals were examined in stream sediment and soil samples using different assessable indices, such as the enrichment factor, which showed significant-moderate enrichment for Cr, Th, Nb, Zn, Pb, Y and Zr and the geoaccumulation index, which showed practically moderate contamination with Cr, Ni and Sr based on regional background reference values. Geo-accumulation index and contamination index for soils and stream sediment revealed uncontaminated to moderate contamination. Likewise,elements with moderate contamination were Cr, Ni and Sr.The Pearson correlation showed that there were significant positive associations among selected metals in soil and stream sediment samples.

Characterization of Household Solid Waste in the Town of Abomey - Calavi in Benin

Identification of waste characteristics is an important step towards improving waste recovery. The aim of this research was to determine the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of waste of Abomey–Calavi city and to study the relationship between standard of living and average ratio of daily waste generated by each person. In this study the methodology used French standards to characterize particle size and typology of solid waste generated by the population of Calavi City in Benin, West Africa. According to home criteria, the study area was stratified into three distinct levels of standard of living called: high standing, medium standing and low standing;Waste from 60 households was weighed daily. The total waste produced by each household was collected seven (7) days a week, for a period of three weeks. Waste characterization was performed using ratio, size granulometry and typological composition. Physico- Chemical analysis including organic mater, pH, Total Organic Carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and metal trace element were also performed. To better assess waste compostability, water extractable organic matter was quantified and qualitative identification was made with XAD8 and XAD4 resins. Results show that the amount of waste increases with the standard of living;the average ratio of daily waste generated is 0.89 kg day-1 person-1. Independently of the standard of living, fermentable compounds represent the largest proportion of waste materials (45%). Qualitative difference of waste content in organic matter is shown as a function of the population’s living standards. These results could be explained by a higher consumption of meat in the households with a higher standard of living, reflecting a greater proportion of transphilic (TPI), and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions. The C/N ratio is lower in the high standing households than in low ones. Metal trace element analysis showed a low but still significant pollution, whereas high iron and alu minum concentrations were found in all standings. In conclusion we propose a strategy for waste management in Abomey-Calavi based on sorting at the source to eliminate plastic waste and valorization of wastes via composting.

自动SPME-GCMS法分析生活饮用水中臭味物质土臭素和2-甲基异莰醇

如果饮用水中的土臭素与2-甲基异莰醇的含量超标,往往会造成致嗅现象。因此,供水企业对这类嗅味物质的有效去除一直十分关注。在实践中,通过传统方法很难实现有效去除,且对这类嗅味物质的检测与分析也存在诸多不足。本文应用自动SPME技术连接thermo scientifi c^(TM )ISQ 7000 GCMS,实现了对2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素的高效率、高灵敏度的检测,其最低检出质量浓度分别为1.0 ng/L和0.49 ng/L,满足饮用水中土臭素和2-甲基异莰醇的检测要求。

GameOJ:一种编程能力感知的游戏化在线评测系统

编程能力是计算机相关专业学生的核心能力,对学生编程能力的培养是计算机教育领域一直关注的重要问题。在线评测系统(OJ系统)具有高效、公平和客观的特点,已成为锻炼学生编程能力的重要工具。然而,目前OJ系统仍存在以下局限性:首先,大多数OJ系统没有对学生编程能力进行知识点级别的感知和量化,导致系统适配给学生的编程题难度和学生的编程能力通常不匹配;其次,大部分OJ系统缺乏对激励策略的研究和设计。这些局限性会给学生编程动机的提升和编程能力的巩固、提高带来负面影响。鉴于此,文章设计并实现了一种编程能力感知的游戏化在线评测系统(GameOJ)。该系统采用改进的贝叶斯知识追踪模型(CC-BKT),对各个编程知识点关联的学生编程能力进行细粒度的感知和量化,同时引入了游戏化思想来设计OJ系统中的激励策略,包括游戏化元素设计和游戏化编程挑战流程设计,旨在提升学生的编程学习动机。目前,GameOJ系统已在广西大学多个计算机专业的教学班中进行了部署和应用,并收到了众多来自教师和学生的积极反馈。

Elemental Concentrations in Biological Samples of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Other Pulmonary Disease Patients

Background: Recently, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affected by the extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has developed important global health anxiety. At this time, the treatment options for this disease are only moderately successful. Smoking has been related to COVID-19 and its mortality, and it has the potential to affect bacteriological and viral conversion, clinical effects, and treatment outcomes. Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between critical essential trace {zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu)} and toxic {cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni)} elements in human biological samples such as scalp hair, serum, saliva, blood, nasal fluid, and sputum of smoking and nonsmoking male COVID-19 patients (n = 139, age range 25 - 38 years) from Hyderabad, Pakistan. For comparative purposes, the biological specimens of referent persons (n = 83), pulmonary Tuberculosis (T.B) patients (n = 67), Pneumonia (n = 56) of the same age groups were also be analyzed. Microwave oven mediated digestion method was employed, and digestion of samples was carried out with the help of 2:1 mixture solution of HNO3 (65%) and H2O2 (30%). Atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for the determination of elemental concentrations from the microwave oven employed digested samples. Results: The found average of essential elements (Zn, Fe, and Cu) in biological specimens of smoker and nonsmoker male COVID-19, T.B, and Pneumonia patients was found to lower, whilst cadmium and nickel were found to be higher when compared with samples from referents (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Improved elemental (Cu, Fe, Zn) concentrations may also decrease the risk of bacterial co-infection by enhancing the mucociliary clearance and respiratory epithelial barrier function, in addition to providing direct antibacterial effects against S. pneumoniae. Our findings also suggest that higher Cd and Ni concentrations are linked to cigarette smoking, which could lead to COVID-19 and other lung-infected diseased recurrences. However, further clinical and experimental research is required.

基于学习者能力的注意力机制知识追踪方法

基于学习者能力,针对基于循环神经网络(RNN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)网络的深度知识追踪(DKT)算法对早期知识点关注的不足,提出一种加入注意力机制的DKT算法,并用时隙聚类的方法对不同能力学习者动态分组并赋予不同的注意力权值,以建立更平衡、更客观的知识记忆程度权重分布模型.常用公开数据集上的实验结果表明:该模型优于2种基准模型和2种消融实验模型,说明所提出的模型能更好地表现学习者的知识状态.

微量元素改性PEEK种植体的研究进展

聚醚醚酮(polyetheretherketone,PEEK)是一种高性能特种塑料,它的力学性能和生物相容性较好,且易于加工成型,已成为牙科种植体的备选材料。PEEK由于缺乏生物活性以及易导致菌斑聚集,限制了其在口腔种植领域的临床应用。目前很多学者通过微量元素改性的方法解决了PEEK的生物惰性和菌斑附着问题。不同微量元素各具优势,锶、钽、锰等元素可以促进成骨细胞分化,氟、银、锌等元素则可以抑制致炎细菌生长,多种微量元素共修饰赋予PEEK种植体更为多元化的性能。

Catalytic degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)over Ce-Mn-Ti composite oxide catalysts

Developing industrially moldable catalysts with harmonized redox performance and acidity is of great significance for the efficient disposal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds(CVOCs)in actual exhaust gasses.Here,commercial TiO_(2),typically used for molding catalysts,was chosen as the carrier to fabricate a series of Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0-0.24)TiO_(x) materials with different Mn doping ratios and employed for chlorobenzene(CB)destruction.The introduction of Mn remarkedly facilitated the synergistic effect of each element via the electron transfer processes:Ce^(3+)+Mn^(4+/3+)■Ce^(4+)+Mn^(3+/2+)and Mn^(4+/3+)+Ti^(4+)■Mn^(3+/2+)+Ti^(3+).These synergistic interactions in Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.04-0.24)TiO_(x),especially Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.16)TiO_(x),significantly elevated the active oxygen species,oxygen vacancies and redox properties,endowing the superior catalytic oxidation of CB.When the Mn doping amount increased to 0.24,a separate Mn_(3)O_(4) phase appeared,which in turn might weaken the synergistic effect.Furthermore,the acidity of Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.04-0.24)TiO_(x) was decreased with the Mn doping,regulating the balance of redox property and acidity.Notably,Ce_(0.02)Mn_(0.16)TiO_(x) featured relatively abundant B-acid sites.Its coordinating redox ability and moderate acidity promoted the deep oxidation of CB and RCOOH-intermediates,as well as the rapid desorption of Cl species,thus obtaining sustainable reactivity.In comparison,CeTiO_(x) owned the strongest acidity,however,its poor redox property was not sufficient for the timely oxidative decomposition of the easier adsorbed CB,resulting in its rapid deactivation.This finding provides a promising strategy for the construction of efficient commercial molding catalysts to decompose the industrial-scale CVOCs.

微量元素在反刍动物生产中的应用

微量元素在反刍动物体内发挥着重要作用,作者阐述了微量元素在反刍动物体内的营养作用,以及其对反刍动物生产性能、繁殖性能和瘤胃微生物的影响。为合理补饲微量元素、调控瘤胃发酵、提高生产性能和繁殖性能提供参考依据。

特种稻米中微量元素铁、锌、锰含量的配合力和稳定性分析

以米粒中微量元素铁、锌、锰含量各具差异的７个特种稻品种配制完全双列杂交，利用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法１模型Ⅰ分析３种微量元素含量的配合力；利用变异系数分析法研究７个亲本在不同地点、不同年份间微量元素含量的稳定性。结果表明，铁、锌、锰３种微量元素的一般配合力（ＧＣＡ）方差和特殊配合力（ＳＣＡ）方差均达极显著水平，其中铁含量的ＳＣＡ方差大于ＧＣＡ方差，锌、锰含量ＧＣＡ方差大于ＳＣＡ方差，说明这３种元素同时受加性和非加性基因作用，铁含量以非加性效应为主，锌和锰含量则以加性效应为主。同一亲本３种元素间ＧＣＡ效应差异较大，同一元素不同亲本间差异亦较大；同一元素不同组合间ＳＣＡ表现较大变幅，并有ＧＣＡ效应高的亲本其杂交组合的ＳＣＡ效应多数表现较高的趋势，但亦有ＧＣＡ低的亲本间杂交出现ＳＣＡ高的组合。变异系数分析结果显示，７个亲本在不同年份、不同地点间，各元素含量的差异较大，表明稻米中铁、锌、锰含量除受遗传控制外，还明显受环境条件的影响，并表现基因型×环境互作。