Expression of miR-9-5p and RHOA in aluminum-induced rat cognitive dysfunction

Objective:To investigate the possible mechanism of microRNA-9-5p(miR-9-5p)and Ras homologous gene family A(RHOA)in aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.Methods:According to the principle of randomization,48 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups(n=12)of blank control,low dose,medium dose and high dose.The blank control group was gavaged daily saline,and the other three dose groups were given daily gavage AlCl3 aqueous solution at three doses of 25 mg/kg,50 mg/kg,and 100 mg/kg to create a rat model of cognitive impairment for three months.The water maze(MWM)positioning navigation experiment was used to record the time t(s),namely,the incubation period,on the platform of rats,and the incubation period of each group was used to determine whether the rats in the infected group had learning and memory impairment.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Nissl stains observed the pathological changes of nerve cells in the hippocampus of the four groups.Western blot detected the protein expression levels of RHOA and cranial neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in fresh rat hippocampal tissues.RT-qPCR detected the mRNA expression of miR-9-5p,RHOA,and BDNF in rat hippocampal tissues.Results:The results of Morris water maze positioning navigation test showed that the incubation period of each group was calculated on the 1st,3rd and 5th days of the experiment,and the motor incubation period of the infected group was higher than that of the control group.The results of HE staining showed that the rat nerve cells in the control group were morphologically intact,the staining was clear,the nucleus was clearly visible,and the edge of the cell membrane was sharp.The rat neurons in the infected group were damaged to varying degrees,the nucleus gradually dissolved,the cytoplasmic staining became deeper,the edges of the cell membrane were blurred and disordered,and the cells were deformed and arranged disordered.The results of Nissl staining showed that the well-stained Nissl body particles were visible in the nerve cells of rats in the control group,and the dissipation of Nissl bodies in the nerve cells of the infected group was reduced,and the staining was shallow.The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the control group,the mRNA expression of miR-9-5p and BDNF was decreased in the infected group,and the mRNA expression of RHOA was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.001).The Western blot results showed that compared with the control group,the relative expression of BDNF in the three infected groups was decreased,and the relative expression of RHOA increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:In aluminum-induced cognitive impairment,miR-9-5p is downregulated and RHOA is upregulatd.

Soil Profile Concentration Distributions of Aluminum, Gallium, Indium and Thallium across Southeastern Missouri

The soil chemistry of gallium, indium, and thallium is not well defined, particularly with emerging evidence that these elements have toxic properties and may influence food safety. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the soil concentrations of gallium, indium, and thallium and determine if these elements have a soil chemistry like aluminum and therefore demonstrate significant concentration correlations with aluminum. Twenty-seven soil series were selected, and the elemental concentrations were determined using aqua regia digestion with analytical determination performed using inductively coupled plasma emission-mass spectroscopy. The concentrations of gallium, indium, and thallium generally compared with the known literature. Aluminum-gallium and aluminum-thallium exhibited significant concentration correlations across the soil horizons of the sampled soils. Aluminum, gallium, and thallium did demonstrate concentration increases in soil horizons having illuviation of phyllosilicates, implying these phyllosilicates have adsorption and isomorphic substitution behaviors involving these elements.

微量Sc对高强铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了开发铸造用高强铝合金,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜的观察以及拉伸试验机、布氏硬度计的检测,研究了微量Sc对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Sc的添加能够显著细化晶粒并提高合金力学性能,铸态合金的抗拉强度由179.3 MPa提高至203 MPa;经热处理后,硬度提升明显,非平衡共晶相消失,且有Al7Cu2Fe相残留;含Sc合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为591.7 MPa、516.7 MPa和4.2%,分别提高了22%、14.1%和320%。

Numerical simulation of friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy

A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was established to simulate the friction stir butt-welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. The dynamic mesh method was applied in this model to make the tool move forward and rotate in a manner similar to a real tool, and the calculated volumetric source of energy was loaded to establish a similar thermal environment to that used in the experiment. Besides, a small piece of zinc stock was embedded into the workpiece as a trace element. Temperature fields and vector plots were determined using a finite volume method, which was indirectly verified by traditional metallography. The simulation result indicated that the temperature distribution was asymmetric but had a similar tendency on the two sides of the welding line. The maximum temperature on the advancing side was approximately 10 K higher than that on the retreating side. Furthermore, the precise process of material flow behavior in combination with streamtraces was demonstrated by contour maps of the phases. Under the shearing force and forward extrusion pressure, material located in front of the tool tended to move along the tangent direction of the rotating tool. Notably, three whirlpools formed under a special pressure environment around the tool, resulting in a uniform composition distribution.

Optimal dose of zinc supplementation for preventing aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in rats

Zinc supplementation can help maintain learning and memory function in rodents. In this study, we hypothesized that zinc supplementation could antagonize the neurotoxicity induced by aluminum in rats. Animals were fed a diet containing different doses of zinc （50, 100, 200 mg/kg） for 9 weeks, and orally administered aluminum chloride （300 mg/kg daily） from the third week for 7 consecutive weeks. Open-field behavioral test results showed that the number of rearings in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement was significantly increased compared with the group given the 50 mg/kg zinc supplement. Malondialdehyde content in the cerebrum was significantly decreased, while dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were increased in the groups given the diet sup- plemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc, compared with the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc. The acetylcholinesterase activity in the cerebrum was significantly decreased in the group given the 100 mg/kg zinc supplement. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed evident patho- logical damage in the hippocampus of rats in the group given the diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc, but the damage was attenuated in the groups given the diet supplemented with 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc. Our findings suggest that zinc is a potential neuroprotective agent against alumi-num-induced neurotoxicity in rats, and the optimal dosages are 100 and 200 mg/kg.

Process for improving the ladle free- opening rate for high aluminum steel in continuous casting

Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.

LOW TEMPERATURE ALUMINUM FLOATING ELECTROLYSIS IN HEAVY ELECTROLYTE Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl BATH SYSTEM

Multiple regression equations of liquidus temperature, electrical conductivity and bath density of the Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl system were obtained from experiments by using orthogonal regression method. The experiments were carried out in 100A cell with low melting point electrolyte, the influences of cathodic current density, electrolytic temperature, density differences of bath and liquid aluminum on current efficiency (CE) were studied; when the electrolyte cryolite ratio was 2.5, w(BaC1_2) and w(NaCl) were 48% and 10%, respectively, CE reached 90% and specific energy consumption was 10.97k Wb/kg/kg. Because of the fact that aluminum metal obtained floated on the surface of molten electrolyte, this electrolysis method was then defined as low temperature aluminum floating electrolysis. The results showed that the new low temperature aluminum electrolysis process in the Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaC1_2-NaCl bath system was practical and promising.

5-lipoxygenase expression in a brain damage model induced by chronic oral administration of aluminum

A preliminary study has found that the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, caffeic acid, has a marked protective effect on acute brain injury induced by intracerebroventricular microinjection of aluminum. In this experiment, chronic brain injury and neuronal degeneration model was established in rats by chronic oral administration of aluminum, and then intervened using caffeic acid. Results showed that caffeic acid can downregulate chronic aluminum overload-induced 5-1ipoxygenase mRNA and protein expression, and repair the aluminum overload-induced hippocampal neuronal damage and spatial orientation impairment. It is suggested that direct intervention of 5-lipoxygenase expression has a neuroprotective role in the degeneration induced by chronic aluminum overload brain injury model.

Preparation of ultrafine α-Al_2O_3 powders by catalytic sintering of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide at low temperature

The precursor of ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide was synthesized by using aluminum sulfate（Al2（SO4）3） and ammonium carbonate（（NH4）2CO3）. The effects of α-Al2O3 seeds and mixture composed of α-Al2O3 and ammonium nitrate, as well as multiplex catalysts （AT） on phase transformation of alumina in sintering process were investigated respectively. The results show that the α-Al2O3 seeds and the mixture of α-Al2O3 and ammonium nitrate can lower the phase transformation temperature of α-Al2O3 to different extents while the particles obtained agglomerate heavily. AT has great potential synergistic effects on the phase transformation of alumina and reduces the phase transformation temperature of α-Al2O3 and the trends of necking-formation between particles. Therefore the dispersion of powder particles is improved significantly.

Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO) cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.

Review Study on the Accumulation and Release of Trace Metal Elements on Aluminum Containing Sediments in Drinking Water Distribution System

Accumulation and releasing of trace metal elements on aluminum containing sediments of inner drinking water pipe is discussed,as studied from five variations effecting:raw water quality,chemical reagents,solution pH and drinking water flow condition.In order to decrease the release of trace metal elements,and to ensure the pipe operation and human safety,water quality adjustment is suggested to avoid aluminum containing sediments formation in drinking distribution system.The maximum amounts of accumulation of common trace metal elements are given.Future trends of development in this field are also proposed.

电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法测定工业纯锌中微量铝镉铁铜

采用盐酸-硝酸混合酸(王水)溶解工业纯锌样品,以高纯锌按基体匹配法配制系列校准曲线溶液,选择Al396.152nm、Cd226.502nm、Fe238.204nm、Cu327.395nm为分析谱线,建立了电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法快速测定工业纯锌中微量铝、镉、铁、铜的方法。该方法校准曲线的线性相关系数大于0.9999,铝、镉、铁、铜的定量限分别为0.0006%、0.0001%、0.0010%和0.0004%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)不大于7%,锌合金有证标准物质的测定值与证书给出的认定值相符合。该方法能够满足工业纯锌中微量铝、镉、铁、铜的常规快速检验需求。

石墨炉原子吸收测定间接空冷机组循环水中的痕量铝

采用石墨炉原子吸收测定SCAL型间接空冷机组循环水中的痕量铝,从石墨炉工作参数、基体改进剂、试剂空白、水样前处理等方面进行了实验条件优选。实验结果表明:石墨炉灰化温度、原子化温度分别为700℃和2 700℃,不加基体改进剂条件下,铝离子标液质量浓度在0~20μg/L范围内标准曲线线性相关系数可达到0.999 8,相对标准偏差小于10%,检测下限为0.5μg/L。采用水样酸化静置1 h后直接测定并与标准加热消解法测定值进行了对比,相对误差小于5.0%,空白值小于0.5μg/L,有效解决了加热消解法空白值高的问题,提高了间接空冷机组循环水中小于10μg/L痕量铝测定的准确性。

应用ICP-MS快速测定人血白蛋白中铝残留量

目的:建立 ICP-MS 测定人血白蛋白中铝残留量的方法。方法:样品用去离子水直接稀释,以 Li(6)为内标元素,采用标准曲线法测定。ICP-MS 参数为:功率1.35 kW,载气流速1.18 L·min^(-1),采样深度7 mm,全定量分析模式。结果:铝离子浓度在0～50μg·L^(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为101.4%。对 ICP-MS 法和 GF-AAS 法的测定结果进行 t 检验,2种方法没有差异。结论:本方法简便、快捷和准确,可作为人血白蛋白中铝残留量测定方法之一。

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铝合金中痕量砷

建立了测定铝合金中痕量砷HG-AFS分析方法。采用王水溶解样品，在硫脲和抗坏血酸的存在下将As（V）还原为As（Ⅲ），以KBH4溶液（20g／L）作为还原剂，HCl（5＋95）溶液作为载流，用原子荧光光谱法测定样品中痕量砷。在选定的实验条件下，方法的线性范围为0．05～40μL，线性回归方程为，f=108．17＋272．49p（μg／L），相关系数r=0．9997，检出限0．019μg/L。并与ICP-AES法进行了对照试验。

ICP-AES法测定铝合金中痕量铍的方法研究

本方法采用固定通道ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ仪器的Ｎ＋１扫描通道进行多种牌号铝合金中的０．０００２％－０．０００５％铍元素的测定。进行了分析线选择，研究了基体元素和共存元素对铍元素的干扰情况，方法回收率５０％－１５０％。该法比较简便、快速、准确。

工艺参数对7050铝合金铣削表面质量的影响

为了探究7050铝合金铣削表面质量的关键影响因素,寻找最优工艺参数,对7050铝合金在浇注冷却条件下进行了正交试验,建立了表面粗糙度与切削深度、主轴转速之间的回归模型,分析了加工过程中刀具-工件相对接触状态不同时所产生的刀痕差异。结果表明:切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响最大,主轴转速其次,进给量的影响最小;刀痕的表现形式与刀具-工件相对接触状态存在直接联系,刀具切入工件位置主要受切削深度的影响产生单向圆弧状刀痕,刀具完全进入铣削工件后则会形成交错的圆弧状刀痕,在刀具离开工件位置主要受进给量影响产生较浅刀痕。

ICP-MS法测定金属铝中铜、钛、锌、锰、钴5种痕量杂质元素

用标准加入法以电感耦合等离子体质谱测定金属中铝、铜、钛、锌、锰、钴,建立了一种简便、快速测定金属铝中杂质元素的分析方法。实验中考察了5元素同时测定的仪器参数、Rh内标的校正作用,以及酸度、样品基体效应等因素对测定结果的影响。各元素回收率在90 8%～123%间,检出限均<1.5ng/mL,测定下限为0 0001%,相对标准偏差均<10%。

P/M Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金中的微量元素

总结P/MAl Zn Mg Cu系铝合金中常用的微量元素和最新进展情况 ,以及各微量元素在合金中的主要作用 。

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铝合金中痕量锑

铝合金样品用盐酸及硝酸的混合酸溶解,于分取的部分试样溶液中加入碘化钾-硫脲混合溶液后用盐酸（5＋95）定容为50 mL,供氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中痕量锑。用40 g·L^-1碘化钾溶液作为锑（Ⅴ）的预还原剂,40 g·L^-1硫脲溶液作为其他可形成氢化物的元素的掩蔽剂,选用20 g·L^-1硼氢化钾溶液作为产生锑化氢的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸（5＋95）介质中进行,锑的质量浓度在0.05-50.0μg·L^-1范围内与相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限（3s/k）为0.016μg·L^-1。应用此方法分析了两件铝合金标准样品,测得锑量的结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差（n=8）分别为2.14%和3.16%。