Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and onl...Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported in literature. Herein we presented an additional new case and discussed the optimal management of this uncommon disease.展开更多
This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circu...This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circumferential repairs and replacement of the trachea. A historical perspective of materials used such as foreign materials, autografts, allografts, xenografts and techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is defined as a malignant salivary gland tumor arising from a primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.Only three cases of CXPA of the trachea have been reported in t...BACKGROUND Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is defined as a malignant salivary gland tumor arising from a primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.Only three cases of CXPA of the trachea have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of tracheal CXPA in a 55-year-old woman,who presented with a more than 3-mo history of progressive dyspnea.Computed tomography of the neck and thorax revealed an inhomogeneous,broad-based lesion arising from the tracheal wall on the right side.Endoscopy revealed a subglottic neoplasm causing up to 90% luminal stenosis.The tumor was resected using a highfrequency electrosurgical snare combined with argon plasma coagulation.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was a CXPA of the trachea.CONCLUSION We report the fourth case of tracheal CXPA,and present the first instance of resection of CXPA using high-frequency electrosurgical snare and laser ablation.We also discuss the pathogenesis,diagnosis,histopathology,and systemic therapy of this rare disease.展开更多
The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the r...The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.展开更多
In this paper, a planar three layer quasisteady laminar flow model is proposed in a cough machine which simulates mucous gel transport in model trachea due to mild forced expiration. The flow is governed by the time d...In this paper, a planar three layer quasisteady laminar flow model is proposed in a cough machine which simulates mucous gel transport in model trachea due to mild forced expiration. The flow is governed by the time dependent pressure gradient generated in trachea due to mild forced expiration. Mucous gel is represented by a viscoelastic Voigt element whereas sol phase fluid and air are considered as Newtonian fluids. For fixed airflow rate, it is shown that when the viscosity of mucous gel is small, mucous gel transport decreases as the elastic modulus increases. However, elastic modulus has negligible effect on large gel viscosity. It is also shown that for fixed airflow rate and fixed airway dimension, mucous gel transport increases with the thickness of sol phase fluid and this increase is further enhanced as the viscosity of sol phase fluid decreases. The effect of surfactant is studied by considering sol phase as surfactant layer which causes slip at the wall and interface of sol phase and mucous gel. It is found that in the presence of surfactant mucous gel transport is enhanced.展开更多
Objective:To assess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana),Cochlospermum vitifolium(C.vitifolium),Cordia morelosana(C.morelosana),Lepechinia caulescens(L.caulescen...Objective:To assess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana),Cochlospermum vitifolium(C.vitifolium),Cordia morelosana(C.morelosana),Lepechinia caulescens(L.caulescens)and Talauma mexicana(71 mexicana)used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases.Methods:Extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature using hexane,dicliloromethane and methanol for each plant material.The organic extracts were evaluated ex vivo to determine their relaxant activity on the contractions induced by carbaehol(cholinergic receptor agonist,1μmol/L in isolated rat tracheal rings.Results:A total of 15 extracts were evaluated(three for each species).All test samples showed significant relaxant effect,in a concentration-dependent manner,on the contractions induced by 1μmol/L carbachol,with exception of extracts from C.morelosana.Active extracts were less potent than theophylline[phosphodiesterase inhibitor,EC_(50):(28.79±0.82)μg/mL]that was used as positive control.Concentration-response curves revealed that the extracts with more significant effects were dichloromethanic extracts of T.mexhxma[E_(max):(103.03±3.32)%and EC_(50):(159.39±3.72)μg/mL)and C.vitifolium[Emax:(106.58±2.42)%and EC_(50):(219.54±7.61)μg/mL].Finally,hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts from A.mexicana were fully effective but less potent than T.mexicana,and C.vitifolium.Conclusions:Less polar extracts obtained from A.mexicana,71 mexicana and C.vitifolium exhibited greater relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings,which allows us to suggest them as sources for the isolation of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of asthma.展开更多
The ventral quadrant of the tracheal epithelium of the hamster,about one fourth of tracheal mucosa, was denuded by a venous needle reformed.The stains were made with HE, PAS, and PAS-anti Brdu immunohis-tochemic techn...The ventral quadrant of the tracheal epithelium of the hamster,about one fourth of tracheal mucosa, was denuded by a venous needle reformed.The stains were made with HE, PAS, and PAS-anti Brdu immunohis-tochemic technique. At the 0 h circumference cell number (CCN) was 927. 25.From 6 h post injured the viable cells changed in shapes and migrated from themargin to wound site. By 24 h the wound area was completely covered by a sin-gle layer of non-ciliated flattened cells, then an expotential increassing in cellregeneration occured in wound site by 48 h. The CCN had been restored to thelevel of control (1373), and the proliferative cell, composed of polygonal epi-dermoid metaplasia, 3～4 layers and reached a peak (338.8). The secretoryand ciliated cells appeared gradually from 72 h post injury, the epithelium re-stored to the normal epithelial architecture by one week post injury. In our pre-sent study either in control and non-injured epithelium or in all stages of woundsite about 70% of the Brdu positive cells contained small or confluent PAS posi-tive granules were observed. This fact indicated that secretory cells play a im-portant role in proliferation after mechanical injury and maintaining the normaltracheal pseudostratified epithelium.展开更多
The incidence of multiple primary cancers involving trachea is rare. We present a case of synchronous double primary cancer of trachea and esophagus in a 70-year-old woman, with a special symptom of ventricular tachyc...The incidence of multiple primary cancers involving trachea is rare. We present a case of synchronous double primary cancer of trachea and esophagus in a 70-year-old woman, with a special symptom of ventricular tachycardia and no/a/story of smoking and alcohol drinking. Biopsies （tom multiple loci demonstrated the patient had primary small cell cancer of trachea and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of esophagus. The patient was successfully treated with four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of etoposide and earboplatin （EC） followed by thoracic radiotherapy （60 Gy in 30 fractions, in 6 weeks）, and was evaluated to have complete response of tumor. To our knowledge, there is no synchronous cancer of trachea and esophagus has been reported in English literature, and our experience showed sequential EC chemotherapy and radiotherapy provided an effective treatment to control both cancers.展开更多
Background: Cryopreserved tracheal allograft has been used successfully for esophageal replacement in the canine model. The working hypothesis was cryopreservation decreases antigenicity but epithelial desquamation re...Background: Cryopreserved tracheal allograft has been used successfully for esophageal replacement in the canine model. The working hypothesis was cryopreservation decreases antigenicity but epithelial desquamation remains. However, cryopreservation of human tracheal samples collected at tracheostomy, resulted in no significant desquamation. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of desquamation of the epithelial layer of cryopreserved animal tracheas and find a reason for decreased antigenicity of cryopreserved canine and pig’s trachea. Methods: 5 cm long tracheal segments were removed from 6 dogs and 125 pigs and stored in liquid nitrogen for 21 days. Cross section samples were taken from the end of the segment, 1 cm from the end and at the middle of the segment. Histological examination was performed using haematoxyllineosin and MHC-II antigen specific antibody staining. Changes in histological structure were analyzed. Results: General histological morphology of samples changed after cryopreservation. The percentage of intact epithelium and the overall intensity of immune-staining increased significantly from the ends to the middle of the segments, but the intensity of immune-staining showed no difference in the remaining epithelial cells. Conclusion: Cryopreservation damages the epithelial cells, but does not influence the cell’s antigenicity or cause desepithelisation. The main effect is a retraction of the epithelial layer from the ends to the midpart and this effect may be protection against organ rejection. Based on our canine and pig results a 5 cm, long tracheal segment seems to be a promising organ for human esophageal replacement.展开更多
The objective of this study was to immunohistochemically elucidate the major extracellular matrix constituents of rabbit tracheal cartilage. The impetus for this project is the need for crucial design and validation c...The objective of this study was to immunohistochemically elucidate the major extracellular matrix constituents of rabbit tracheal cartilage. The impetus for this project is the need for crucial design and validation criteria for tissue engineering juxtaposed with the conspicuous lack of trachea extracellular matrix data in the literature. Tracheal tissue specimens were harvested from New Zealand White rabbits, and were immunostained for collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan and decorin;and a Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain was performed to visualize elastin. The most striking result was the highly organized relationship between distinct fibrous (containing collagen I, decorin and elastin) and hyaline-like (containing collagen II and aggrecan) regions of the tracheal wall. The tracheal cartilage stained strongly with collagen II throughout, with periodic bands of aggrecan in the tracheal arches, meaning that there were areas void of aggrecan immunostaining alternating with areas with strong aggrecan immunostaining. In contrast, the periphery of the cartilage and the perichondrium itself exhibited strong collagen I staining and no collagen II staining. Elastin fibers and decorin were also detected along the periphery of the cartilage in the perichondrium and corresponded highly with the distribution of collagen I staining. The body of the rabbit trachea is therefore composed of a hyaline-cartilage structure primarily made of collagen II and bands of aggrecan, surrounded by a fibrous region composed of elastin and collagen I, indicative of a flexible tissue with distinct regions of compressive integrity. This information will be a valuable reference to future tissue engineering efforts in the creation of a biosynthetic substitute for laryngotracheal reconstruction.展开更多
文摘Juvenile xanthogranuloma （JXG） is an uncommon benign disease, which usually occurs on the skin of head and neck region, as a single or multiple nodular lesions. Tracheal involvement of JXG is extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported in literature. Herein we presented an additional new case and discussed the optimal management of this uncommon disease.
文摘This review discusses the history of tracheal reconstruction; from early work to future challenges. The focus is primarily on prosthetic tracheal reconstruction in the form of intraluminal stents, patch repairs, circumferential repairs and replacement of the trachea. A historical perspective of materials used such as foreign materials, autografts, allografts, xenografts and techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages, is provided.
文摘BACKGROUND Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is defined as a malignant salivary gland tumor arising from a primary or recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.Only three cases of CXPA of the trachea have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of tracheal CXPA in a 55-year-old woman,who presented with a more than 3-mo history of progressive dyspnea.Computed tomography of the neck and thorax revealed an inhomogeneous,broad-based lesion arising from the tracheal wall on the right side.Endoscopy revealed a subglottic neoplasm causing up to 90% luminal stenosis.The tumor was resected using a highfrequency electrosurgical snare combined with argon plasma coagulation.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was a CXPA of the trachea.CONCLUSION We report the fourth case of tracheal CXPA,and present the first instance of resection of CXPA using high-frequency electrosurgical snare and laser ablation.We also discuss the pathogenesis,diagnosis,histopathology,and systemic therapy of this rare disease.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2004AA404013)
文摘The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.
文摘In this paper, a planar three layer quasisteady laminar flow model is proposed in a cough machine which simulates mucous gel transport in model trachea due to mild forced expiration. The flow is governed by the time dependent pressure gradient generated in trachea due to mild forced expiration. Mucous gel is represented by a viscoelastic Voigt element whereas sol phase fluid and air are considered as Newtonian fluids. For fixed airflow rate, it is shown that when the viscosity of mucous gel is small, mucous gel transport decreases as the elastic modulus increases. However, elastic modulus has negligible effect on large gel viscosity. It is also shown that for fixed airflow rate and fixed airway dimension, mucous gel transport increases with the thickness of sol phase fluid and this increase is further enhanced as the viscosity of sol phase fluid decreases. The effect of surfactant is studied by considering sol phase as surfactant layer which causes slip at the wall and interface of sol phase and mucous gel. It is found that in the presence of surfactant mucous gel transport is enhanced.
基金financed by a grant from"Apoyo a la Mejora del Perfil Individual del profesorado de tiempo completo.(Fondo para la Consolidacin de las Universidades Públicas Estatales y con Apoyo Solidario Ejereicio 2009)"Faculty of Pharmacy budgets(2010 and 2011)grants from CONACyT-CIENCIA BASICA CB-2011-01(167044)
文摘Objective:To assess the relaxant effect of several organic extracts obtained from Agastache mexicana(A.mexicana),Cochlospermum vitifolium(C.vitifolium),Cordia morelosana(C.morelosana),Lepechinia caulescens(L.caulescens)and Talauma mexicana(71 mexicana)used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases.Methods:Extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature using hexane,dicliloromethane and methanol for each plant material.The organic extracts were evaluated ex vivo to determine their relaxant activity on the contractions induced by carbaehol(cholinergic receptor agonist,1μmol/L in isolated rat tracheal rings.Results:A total of 15 extracts were evaluated(three for each species).All test samples showed significant relaxant effect,in a concentration-dependent manner,on the contractions induced by 1μmol/L carbachol,with exception of extracts from C.morelosana.Active extracts were less potent than theophylline[phosphodiesterase inhibitor,EC_(50):(28.79±0.82)μg/mL]that was used as positive control.Concentration-response curves revealed that the extracts with more significant effects were dichloromethanic extracts of T.mexhxma[E_(max):(103.03±3.32)%and EC_(50):(159.39±3.72)μg/mL)and C.vitifolium[Emax:(106.58±2.42)%and EC_(50):(219.54±7.61)μg/mL].Finally,hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts from A.mexicana were fully effective but less potent than T.mexicana,and C.vitifolium.Conclusions:Less polar extracts obtained from A.mexicana,71 mexicana and C.vitifolium exhibited greater relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings,which allows us to suggest them as sources for the isolation of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic value in the treatment of asthma.
文摘The ventral quadrant of the tracheal epithelium of the hamster,about one fourth of tracheal mucosa, was denuded by a venous needle reformed.The stains were made with HE, PAS, and PAS-anti Brdu immunohis-tochemic technique. At the 0 h circumference cell number (CCN) was 927. 25.From 6 h post injured the viable cells changed in shapes and migrated from themargin to wound site. By 24 h the wound area was completely covered by a sin-gle layer of non-ciliated flattened cells, then an expotential increassing in cellregeneration occured in wound site by 48 h. The CCN had been restored to thelevel of control (1373), and the proliferative cell, composed of polygonal epi-dermoid metaplasia, 3～4 layers and reached a peak (338.8). The secretoryand ciliated cells appeared gradually from 72 h post injury, the epithelium re-stored to the normal epithelial architecture by one week post injury. In our pre-sent study either in control and non-injured epithelium or in all stages of woundsite about 70% of the Brdu positive cells contained small or confluent PAS posi-tive granules were observed. This fact indicated that secretory cells play a im-portant role in proliferation after mechanical injury and maintaining the normaltracheal pseudostratified epithelium.
文摘The incidence of multiple primary cancers involving trachea is rare. We present a case of synchronous double primary cancer of trachea and esophagus in a 70-year-old woman, with a special symptom of ventricular tachycardia and no/a/story of smoking and alcohol drinking. Biopsies （tom multiple loci demonstrated the patient had primary small cell cancer of trachea and squamous cell carcinoma in situ of esophagus. The patient was successfully treated with four cycles of chemotherapy consisting of etoposide and earboplatin （EC） followed by thoracic radiotherapy （60 Gy in 30 fractions, in 6 weeks）, and was evaluated to have complete response of tumor. To our knowledge, there is no synchronous cancer of trachea and esophagus has been reported in English literature, and our experience showed sequential EC chemotherapy and radiotherapy provided an effective treatment to control both cancers.
文摘Background: Cryopreserved tracheal allograft has been used successfully for esophageal replacement in the canine model. The working hypothesis was cryopreservation decreases antigenicity but epithelial desquamation remains. However, cryopreservation of human tracheal samples collected at tracheostomy, resulted in no significant desquamation. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of desquamation of the epithelial layer of cryopreserved animal tracheas and find a reason for decreased antigenicity of cryopreserved canine and pig’s trachea. Methods: 5 cm long tracheal segments were removed from 6 dogs and 125 pigs and stored in liquid nitrogen for 21 days. Cross section samples were taken from the end of the segment, 1 cm from the end and at the middle of the segment. Histological examination was performed using haematoxyllineosin and MHC-II antigen specific antibody staining. Changes in histological structure were analyzed. Results: General histological morphology of samples changed after cryopreservation. The percentage of intact epithelium and the overall intensity of immune-staining increased significantly from the ends to the middle of the segments, but the intensity of immune-staining showed no difference in the remaining epithelial cells. Conclusion: Cryopreservation damages the epithelial cells, but does not influence the cell’s antigenicity or cause desepithelisation. The main effect is a retraction of the epithelial layer from the ends to the midpart and this effect may be protection against organ rejection. Based on our canine and pig results a 5 cm, long tracheal segment seems to be a promising organ for human esophageal replacement.
文摘The objective of this study was to immunohistochemically elucidate the major extracellular matrix constituents of rabbit tracheal cartilage. The impetus for this project is the need for crucial design and validation criteria for tissue engineering juxtaposed with the conspicuous lack of trachea extracellular matrix data in the literature. Tracheal tissue specimens were harvested from New Zealand White rabbits, and were immunostained for collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan and decorin;and a Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain was performed to visualize elastin. The most striking result was the highly organized relationship between distinct fibrous (containing collagen I, decorin and elastin) and hyaline-like (containing collagen II and aggrecan) regions of the tracheal wall. The tracheal cartilage stained strongly with collagen II throughout, with periodic bands of aggrecan in the tracheal arches, meaning that there were areas void of aggrecan immunostaining alternating with areas with strong aggrecan immunostaining. In contrast, the periphery of the cartilage and the perichondrium itself exhibited strong collagen I staining and no collagen II staining. Elastin fibers and decorin were also detected along the periphery of the cartilage in the perichondrium and corresponded highly with the distribution of collagen I staining. The body of the rabbit trachea is therefore composed of a hyaline-cartilage structure primarily made of collagen II and bands of aggrecan, surrounded by a fibrous region composed of elastin and collagen I, indicative of a flexible tissue with distinct regions of compressive integrity. This information will be a valuable reference to future tissue engineering efforts in the creation of a biosynthetic substitute for laryngotracheal reconstruction.
