In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necess...In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necessary to effectively fix the pelvic position in the process of exercise,so that the core stability,balance,and coordination of athletes can be improved.The training process of the 100-meter event is mainly an anaerobic metabolic exercise,it is necessary to ensure that athletes maintain a high level of physical readiness during the exercises and concentrate highly on their core strength,so that they can achieve excellent results.This paper analyzes the core strength training for the 100-meter event in track and field sports,discusses its importance,and puts forward specific training methods,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant researchers.展开更多
Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each o...Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes： an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation （i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.）, how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels （macro, meso, and micro） such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized.展开更多
The process of strength-power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders,...The process of strength-power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders, and doses exercises and loading patterns. Consequently, adaptation from these training factors may largely relate to the mode of delivery, in other words, programming tactics. There is strong evidence that the manner and phases in which training is presented to the athlete can make a profound difference in performance outcome. This discussion deals primarily with block periodization concepts and associated methods of programming for strength-power training within track and field. 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.展开更多
For the 30,000 km long French conventional railway lines(94% of the whole network),the train speed is currently limited to 220 km/h,whilst the speed is 320 km/h for the 1800 km long high-speed lines.Nowadays,there is ...For the 30,000 km long French conventional railway lines(94% of the whole network),the train speed is currently limited to 220 km/h,whilst the speed is 320 km/h for the 1800 km long high-speed lines.Nowadays,there is a growing need to improve the services by increasing the speed limit for the conventional lines.This paper aims at studying the influence of train speed on the mechanical behaviours of track-bed materials based on field monitoring data.Emphasis is put on the behaviours of interlayer and subgrade soils.The selected experimental site is located in Vierzon,France.Several sensors including accelerometers and soil pressure gauges were installed at different depths.The vertical strains of different layers can be obtained by integrating the records of accelerometers installed at different trackbed depths.The experimentation was carried out using an intercity test train running at different speeds from 60 km/h to 200 km/h.This test train was composed of a locomotive(22.5 Mg/axle) and 7 'Corail'coaches(10.5 Mg/axle).It was observed that when the train speed was raised,the loadings transmitted to the track-bed increased.Moreover,the response of the track-bed materials was amplified by the speed rise at different depths:the vertical dynamic stress was increased by about 10% when the train speed was raised from 60 km/h to 200 km/h for the locomotive loading,and the vertical strains doubled their quasistatic values in the shallow layers.Moreover,the stressestrain paths were estimated using the vertical stress and strain for each train speed.These loading paths allowed the resilient modulus Mrto be determined.It was found that the resilient modulus(M_r) was decreased by about 10% when the train speed was increased from 100 km/h to 200 km/h.However,the damping ratio(D_r) kept stable in the range of speeds explored.展开更多
文摘In track and field sports,the 100-meter race is an extremely intense sport that requires effective training of athletes’core strength.From the perspective of adolescents,in order to enhance core strength,it is necessary to effectively fix the pelvic position in the process of exercise,so that the core stability,balance,and coordination of athletes can be improved.The training process of the 100-meter event is mainly an anaerobic metabolic exercise,it is necessary to ensure that athletes maintain a high level of physical readiness during the exercises and concentrate highly on their core strength,so that they can achieve excellent results.This paper analyzes the core strength training for the 100-meter event in track and field sports,discusses its importance,and puts forward specific training methods,hoping to provide guidelines for relevant researchers.
文摘Planning training programs for strength-power track and field athletes require an understanding of both training principles and training theory. The training principles are overload, variation, and specificity. Each of these principles must be incorporated into an appropriate system of training. Conceptually, periodization embraces training principles and offers advantages in planning, allowing for logical integration and manipulation of training variables such as exercise selection, intensification, and volume factors. The adaptation and progress of the athlete is to a large extent directly related to the ability of the coach/athlete to create and carry an efficient and efficacious training process. This ability includes： an understanding of how exercises affect physiological and performance adaptation （i.e., maximum force, rate of force development, power, etc.）, how to optimize transfer of training effect ensuring that training exercises have maximum potential for carryover to performance, and how to implement programs with variations at appropriate levels （macro, meso, and micro） such that fatigue management is enhanced and performance progress is optimized.
文摘The process of strength-power training and the subsequent adaptation is a multi-factorial process. These factors range from the genetics and morphological characteristics of the athlete to how a coach selects, orders, and doses exercises and loading patterns. Consequently, adaptation from these training factors may largely relate to the mode of delivery, in other words, programming tactics. There is strong evidence that the manner and phases in which training is presented to the athlete can make a profound difference in performance outcome. This discussion deals primarily with block periodization concepts and associated methods of programming for strength-power training within track and field. 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.
基金part of the results obtained within the ‘INVICSA’ research project funded by SNCF-INFRASTRUCTURE and the ANRT with a CIFRE funding number 2012/1150
文摘For the 30,000 km long French conventional railway lines(94% of the whole network),the train speed is currently limited to 220 km/h,whilst the speed is 320 km/h for the 1800 km long high-speed lines.Nowadays,there is a growing need to improve the services by increasing the speed limit for the conventional lines.This paper aims at studying the influence of train speed on the mechanical behaviours of track-bed materials based on field monitoring data.Emphasis is put on the behaviours of interlayer and subgrade soils.The selected experimental site is located in Vierzon,France.Several sensors including accelerometers and soil pressure gauges were installed at different depths.The vertical strains of different layers can be obtained by integrating the records of accelerometers installed at different trackbed depths.The experimentation was carried out using an intercity test train running at different speeds from 60 km/h to 200 km/h.This test train was composed of a locomotive(22.5 Mg/axle) and 7 'Corail'coaches(10.5 Mg/axle).It was observed that when the train speed was raised,the loadings transmitted to the track-bed increased.Moreover,the response of the track-bed materials was amplified by the speed rise at different depths:the vertical dynamic stress was increased by about 10% when the train speed was raised from 60 km/h to 200 km/h for the locomotive loading,and the vertical strains doubled their quasistatic values in the shallow layers.Moreover,the stressestrain paths were estimated using the vertical stress and strain for each train speed.These loading paths allowed the resilient modulus Mrto be determined.It was found that the resilient modulus(M_r) was decreased by about 10% when the train speed was increased from 100 km/h to 200 km/h.However,the damping ratio(D_r) kept stable in the range of speeds explored.
