Subway Embedded Track Geometric Irregularity Safety Limits

A coupling dynamic model of a subway train and an embedded track is established to study the safety limits of track irregularities.The simulated vehicle system was a 74-degrees of freedom multi-rigid body model,and the rail was a Timoshenko beam.The slab was a three-dimensional solid finite element model.The sensitive wavelength irregularity was first studied,and then the safety limit of the sensitive wavelength was analyzed.The wheel-rail lateral force exhibited a substantial effect on the track alignment and gauge irregularity safety limit.The wheel-rail vertical force and the rate of wheel load reduction significantly affected the height and cross-level irregularity safety limit.The results demonstrate that the safety limits of the alignment,gauge,height,and cross-level embedded track geometric irregularity are 5.3 mm,[−10.5,8]mm,5.6 mm,and 6 mm,respectively.

On the problem of the dynamical reactions of a rolling wheelset to real track irregularities

We investigate numerically the dynamical reactions of a moving wheelset model to real measured track irregularities.The background is to examine whether the dynamics are suitable as the input to the inverse problem:determine the true track geometry from measured wheelset dynamical reactions.It is known that the method works well for the vertical position of the rails but the computed lateral position is often flawed.We find that the lateral motion of the wheelset often may differ from the track geometry.The cases are investigated closely but the reasons remain unknown.While the wheelset dynamics reflect the larger(>4-6 mm)aperiodic track disturbances and single large disturbances quite well,this does not seem to be the case for general smaller or periodic track irregularities or sections behind single large disturbances.The resulting dynamics of a wheelset to lateral track irregularities are in general not sufficiently accurate to be used as the basis for a description of the track irregularities.

Robust Spectral Estimation of Track Irregularity

Because the existing spectral estimation methods for railway track irregularity analysis are very sensitive to outliers, a robust spectral estimation method is presented to process track irregularity signals. The proposed robust method is verified using 100 groups of clean/contaminated data reflecting he vertical profile irregularity taken from Bejing-Guangzhou railway with a sampling frequency of 33 data every ~10 m, and compared with the Auto Regressive (AR) model. The experimental results show that the proposed robust estimation is resistible to noise and insensitive to outliers, and is superior to the AR model in terms of efficiency, stability and reliability.

Refined disturbance observer based prescribed performance fixed-time control of high-speed EMS trains with track irregularities

High-speed Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)train is continuously impacted by the irregularity of the track,which worsens the levitation performance of the train.In this paper,a composite control scheme for the EMS is proposed to suppress track irregularities by integrating a Refined Disturbance Observer(RDO)and a Prescribed Performance Fixed-Time Controller(PPFTC).The RDO is designed to estimate precisely the track irregularities and lumped disturbances with uncertainties and exogenous disturbances in the suspension system,and reduce input chattering by applying to the disturbance compensation channel.PPFTC is designed to converge the suspension air gap error to equilibrium point with prescribed performance by completing error conversion,and solve the fast dynamic issue of EMS.And the boundary of overshoot and steady-state is limited in the ranged prescribed.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the stability of the proposed control method.Finally,the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed composite anti-disturbance control scheme is verified by simulation results.

The effect of track alignment irregularity on wheel-rail contact geometry relationship in a turnout zone

The irregularity is a key factor affecting the wheel-rail contact geometry relationship. In this paper, we calculated the wheel-rail contact points at typical sections and obtained the longitudinal variation of the wheel-rail geometry relationship with the trace line method. The profile of the key rail sections was matched by cubic spline curve, and the shape interpolation was realized in non-controlling sections. The results show that the roll angles at each typical section increases gradually with the enlargement of track alignment irregularity. When the flange contact occurs, the roll angle increases dramatically. Proper track alignment irregularity towards the switch rail improves the structure irregularity of the turnout.

Influence of Track Irregularity on Longitudinal Vibration of Wheelset and Correlation Performance

Longitudinal vibration of wheelset with respect to bogie frame often exists with a high acceleration magnitude and relative high frequency. First, a simplified model with a single wheelset moving at a constant speed on a tangential track with irregularity is used to investigate the longitudinal vibration dynamics. Computional results indicate that the longitudinal vibration frequency of the wheelset is most sensitive to the primary longitudinal stiffness and the mass of the wheelset. As to the locomotive model, the longitudinal vibration is concerned with cross-level irregularity and vertical profile irregularity. Meanwhile, a method to estimate the resonance speed is presented. Finally, a possible solution is brought forward to extend wheel-rail service life by eliminating longitudinal vibration of the wheelset. The solution is simply to arrang the primary vertical damper with a forward angle, so that its damping component can be applied to longimdinal direction.

Deep learning-based fault diagnostic network of high-speed train secondary suspension systems for immunity to track irregularities and wheel wear

Fault detection and isolation of high-speed train suspension systems is of critical importance to guarantee train running safety. Firstly, the existing methods concerning fault detection or isolation of train suspension systems are briefly reviewed and divided into two categories, i.e., model-based and data-driven approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of these two categories of approaches are briefly summarized. Secondly, a 1D convolution network-based fault diagnostic method for highspeed train suspension systems is designed. To improve the robustness of the method, a Gaussian white noise strategy(GWN-strategy) for immunity to track irregularities and an edge sample training strategy(EST-strategy) for immunity to wheel wear are proposed. The whole network is called GWN-EST-1 DCNN method. Thirdly, to show the performance of this method, a multibody dynamics simulation model of a high-speed train is built to generate the lateral acceleration of a bogie frame corresponding to different track irregularities, wheel profiles, and secondary suspension faults. The simulated signals are then inputted into the diagnostic network, and the results show the correctness and superiority of the GWN-EST-1DCNN method. Finally,the 1DCNN method is further validated using tracking data of a CRH3 train running on a high-speed railway line.

Multivariate Analyses for Finding Significant Track Irregularities to Generate an Optimal Track Maintenance Schedule

We first discuss the relationship between the optimal track maintenance scheduling model and an efficient detection method for abnormal track irregularities given by the longitudinal level irregularity displacement (LLID). The results of applying the cluster analysis technique to the sampling data showed that maintenance operation is required for approximately 10% of the total lots, and these lots were further classified into three groups according to the degree of maintenance need. To analyze the background factors for detecting abnormal LLID lots, a principal component analysis was performed;the results showed that the first principal component represents LLIDs from the viewpoints of the rail structure, equipment, and operating conditions. Binomial and ordinal logit regression models (LRMs) were used to quantitatively investigate the determinants of abnormal LLIDs. Binomial LRM was used to characterize the abnormal LLIDs, whereas ordinal LRM was used to distinguish the degree of influence of factors that are considered to have a significant impact on LLIDs.

高速铁路主跨320 m钢-混部分斜拉桥无砟轨道适应性研究

南玉高铁六景郁江特大桥设计将钢-混部分斜拉桥结构引入时速350 km高速铁路领域,而300 m级以上大跨度桥上无砟轨道的竖向变形极易超限,影响列车通过的安全性和舒适性,因此,系统研究在此大跨桥梁结构上铺设无砟轨道的适应性十分必要。通过建立有限元及动力学模型,分析不同组合工况下无砟轨道结构的变形特点及动力特性,运用60 m弦测法探究各工况下无砟轨道的线形变化规律,从而确定大跨度钢-混部分斜拉桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,并对设计和施工提出合理化建议。主要结论如下:在各种不利组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道结构强度满足规范要求,列车通过大桥的各项安全性与舒适性指标均满足规范要求;混凝土收缩徐变和斜拉索升降温是影响无砟轨道线形标准的两大主因,应在无砟轨道施工前确保足够的沉降观测期和收缩徐变释放期,并充分考虑拉索的保温设计;在温度组合荷载作用下,桥上无砟轨道的60 m弦测不平顺幅值为6.79 mm,满足高速铁路静态验收标准;但在叠加列车荷载和收缩徐变后,变形弦测值均出现Ⅱ级及以上超限,通过合理设置预拱度后可有效改善轨道平顺性标准。

轨道不平顺条件下列车运行引起的饱和地基振动响应

为研究轨道不平顺条件下列车运行引起的饱和地基振动响应,进一步完善饱和地基的振动传播和衰减规律,将轨道不平顺引入饱和地基2.5D有限元,通过Fourier变换得到频域-波数域表达式,对比分析准静态荷载与不平顺条件下高铁列车运行对饱和地基加速度、位移和孔隙水压力的影响规律。研究结果表明:列车速度较低时,2种条件下列车引起的饱和地基振动相差不大,随着列车速度提高,轨道不平顺使饱和地基的加速度幅值和位移幅值显著增大,且在时程曲线规律上呈现更强的波动性;轨道不平顺对轨道中心加速度频谱影响较小,列车在低速和高速运行时,2种荷载的频谱规律均基本一致,主频分布也基本相同,轨道不平顺条件下仅各频段加速度大小略有增加;轨道不平顺会大幅增加高速列车运行引起的饱和地基孔隙水压力,且随着深度增加孔压迅速衰减。

基于特征聚类的轨道不平顺潜在病害辨识

研究目的:轨道不平顺潜在病害隐蔽性强,对其准确合理辨识是开展预防修策略下线路养护维修作业的前提。本文以轨检数据为基础,分别构造了以轨道质量指数(TQI)和轨道不平顺幅值为对象的潜在病害辨识指标。在此基础上,基于k-means++聚类算法和手肘法通过判定样本最佳聚类簇数实现潜在病害的识别及定位。依托某有砟铁路动检数据对所提轨道不平顺潜在病害辨识方法进行了验证。研究结论:(1)对于均值管理来说,在16 km连续轨道区段上2处区段单元潜在病害被准确识别,其历史最大TQI值分别约为5.5 mm、5.3 mm,且潜在病害定位结果与实际里程基本吻合;(2)对于峰值管理来说,在500 m连续轨道区段上2处局部不平顺潜在病害也被准确识别,其历史最大幅值约为3 mm、3.3 mm,潜在病害定位结果与实际里程基本吻合;(3)本研究成果可与大机捣固作业、人工精调作业相结合,为预防修策略下的潜在病害整治提供辅助参考。

高速铁路0.01~1 m波段高低轨道不平顺特性分析

随着我国高速铁路发展规模的不断扩大及运营速度的不断提升,轨道短波不平顺引起的振动与噪声问题日益严重。深入研究高速铁路短波不平顺的时域、频域与时频域特征,对精准掌握高速铁路轨道短波平顺状态及其引起的车-轨系统振动、伤损等一系列问题具有重要的参考价值。以某高速铁路实测0.01~1 m波段轨面高低不平顺数据为研究对象,经过数据预处理剔除异常值并消除趋势项后,对实测不平顺数据进行时域分析,得到该高铁线路短波不平顺数据的统计与分布特性。采用平均周期图法计算该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度,应用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法进行拟合,提出高速铁路轨道短波不平顺谱。从时频域角度对该段数据进行经验模态分解与希尔伯特变换,分析该高铁线路短波不平顺的希尔伯特谱与边际谱。研究结果表明:该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺数据各统计量幅值都较小,且近似服从正态分布;该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度存在与钢轨波磨有关的多个周期性成分,提出的高速铁路短波不平顺谱函数能够很好地对实测功率谱密度进行拟合,且拟合效果优于经典的SATO建议的短波谱与50 kg/m钢轨的短波谱;对该高铁线路轨道可能存在的短波病害进行识别与定位,时频域分析的方法可以较好地应用于高速铁路轨道平顺性的分析与日常的管理维护。

高速磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合系统轨道不平顺敏感波长研究

轨道不平顺是诱发车-桥系统耦合振动的主要激励源之一,探明系统耦合振动不平顺敏感波长,对线路管理具有重要参考价值。首先,建立了高速磁浮列车-轨道梁耦合系统空间模型,其中磁浮列车被模拟为具有537个自由度的多体动力学模型,轨道梁被模拟为空间有限元模型,两者之间通过基于比例-微分(proportional-differentiation, PD)控制理论的磁轨关系耦合。其次,以上海高速磁浮为研究背景,选用5车编组列车驶过20跨简支梁桥为计算条件,通过与实测结果对比,验证了模型的正确性。最后,考虑轨道谐波不平顺激励,探讨了不同方向的轨道不平顺组合、不同轨道不平顺幅值和不同车速对列车和桥梁动力响应敏感波长及列车运行平稳性的影响。结果表明:磁浮列车-桥系统横向振动和竖向振动耦合性很弱;在设计车速430 km/h下,车体竖向、侧滚和点头加速度敏感波长分别为140~180 m、60~100 m和120~160 m,车体横向和摇头加速度敏感波长大于200 m;当波长为80、105、115、140和160 m时,会分别引发车体侧滚、摇头、横向、点头和竖向方向的共振;车体和主梁的响应幅值与轨道不平顺幅值基本呈线性关系;当轨道不平顺幅值为1 mm时,在计算车速200、250、300、350、390和430 km/h工况下,车体侧滚加速度峰值随车速变化不大,其他4个自由度方向的加速度峰值随着车速的增大而减小,主梁竖向加速度幅值随车速的增大呈线性增大;从车体的横向和竖向Sperling指标可以看出,车体的Sperling指标均小于2.5,磁浮列车的运行平稳性良好。

钢弹簧失能下车辆-浮置板轨道耦合系统动力特性研究

在列车荷载作用下浮置板轨道会发生钢弹簧失能,为研究此问题对车辆-浮置板轨道系统动力特性的影响,基于车辆-轨道动力学理论,建立车辆-浮置板轨道耦合动力学模型,研究不同钢弹簧失能数量、位置、组合形式对车辆-浮置板轨道系统动力响应的影响。结果表明:当钢弹簧失能数量相同时,同一块浮置板的振动响应板中位置大于板端位置;钢弹簧失能1个时,板中位置钢轨、浮置板位移最大值分别比板端位置大0.49 mm和0.22 mm,加速度有效值分别比板端位置大13.34%和21.42%;单侧连续失能钢弹簧数量≥2个时,列车荷载作用下钢轨和浮置板垂向位移最大值均分别超出《浮置板轨道技术规范》规定的限值4 mm和3 mm;车体在频域上的振动响应主要集中在10 Hz内,钢弹簧失能会导致车体振动响应在频域上增大;单侧钢弹簧失能2个比双侧失能2个的钢轨位移最大值、加速度有效值分别增大17.75%、2.22%,比正常状态下钢轨位移、加速度分别增大37.08%,10.84%。钢弹簧失能增加了系统的振动响应,影响减振效果,应注意及时检修。

顾及运动特征的轨道不平顺测量精度分析

针对运动特征方程标准差和量测频率对轨道不平顺测量精度的影响进行研究,结合GNSS/INS与NHC的算法建立模型,利用协方差法进行定量分析。仿真实验表明加入运动特征方程提高了轨道不平顺的测量精度。运动特征方程标准差不变时,随着频率的增加,精度提高;频率不变时,运动特征方程标准差越小则轨道测量精度越高;给定适当的运动特征方程标准差可以满足轨道不平顺测量精度的要求。现场实验结果与仿真实验结果基本一致,证明所提方法的正确性。研究结论为提高轨道不平顺测量精度提供参考。

基于轨道不平顺的无缝线路稳定性统计分析

为弥补现有无缝线路稳定性设计未区分轨道平顺性等级的不足,基于轨道不平顺数值模拟方法和无缝线路稳定性有限元分析方法,提出考虑轨道不平顺和道床横向阻力随机性的无缝线路稳定性概率统计分析方法。针对不同半径的铁路线路,研究轨道不平顺、道床横向阻力大小及位置分布随机性对钢轨允许温升分布规律的影响,并与现有无缝线路稳定性分析方法计算结果进行对比。研究结果表明:当道床横向阻力服从正态分布时,单独考虑道床横向阻力大小随机性时,钢轨允许温升近似服从极值I型分布;单独考虑轨道不平顺随机性、同时考虑道床横向阻力大小及位置分布随机性或综合考虑上述3个因素随机性时,钢轨允许温升均服从正态分布;以不少于95%保证率定义的钢轨允许温升标准值及均值随着线路平顺性的改善而增加;不同曲线半径条件下,现有“等波长-有限元”确定的钢轨允许温升与美国五级谱对应钢轨允许温升标准值相近,与其他轨道谱对应结果则存在较大差异;在综合考虑轨道不平顺、道床横向阻力大小及位置分布三因素随机性条件下,建立表征钢轨允许温升分布的均值、标准差及标准值与曲线半径间的显式映射关系,使无缝线路稳定性分析中考虑线路平顺性等级成为了可能。研究结果为进一步优化铁路无缝线路极限状态法设计提供了参考。

考虑设计姿态辅助IMU/ODO的轨道不平顺检测算法

采用GNSS定位的轨道几何状态测量仪在隧道、地铁等GNSS拒止环境中无法工作.由于即使铁路轨道发生变形,其仍然接近设计线形,实际轨道位置与其设计值的差异始终保持在一定范围内.本文结合铁路设计参数与惯导/里程计信息,提出一种考虑设计姿态辅助IMU/ODO的轨道不平顺检测算法,该方法将设计姿态与惯导解算姿态相结合进行卡尔曼滤波,并使用里程计速度进行航位推算.通过计算实验,分析了轨道设计姿态信息对轨道不平顺检测精度的提升作用.实验结果表明:铁路设计姿态信息能够显著提高轨道不平顺检测精度,所提方法较基于全站仪辅助的动态检测方法,在30 m弦轨道不平顺检测精度相当,且整体检测效率较高,可以满足日常轨道检测的需要.

千米级大跨度桥上线路动态与静态轨道不平顺的关系

为了明确千米级大跨度桥轨道不平顺状态的分布规律,以某千米级大跨度桥上线路轨道不平顺检测数据为例,分析了动态和静态高低、轨向及轨距不平顺的时域分布特征,并进行了相关性分析,确定了动态和静态波形匹配参数,在此基础上提出了移动窗相关系数的里程匹配算法;给出了基于尺码法的轨道不平顺分形维数计算流程,分析了短波、中波和长波区段的动态和静态轨道不平顺分形维数及其分布规律特征。结果表明:以轨距作为对准参数项,采用滑动相关系数法可以实现动态与静态不平顺数据的有效对准;高低不平顺的分形维数可以作为诊断线路道砟服役状态的有效工具;大跨度桥的轨向及高低不平顺长波成分稳定,不因轮载动态作用而显著变化。

基于3m波长地铁钢轨焊缝接头不平顺的轮轨响应分析

相对于1 m弦测值的焊缝接头动力学评估与管理,基于3 m波长范围的焊缝接头不平顺轮轨响应分析对其服役状态评估与管理具有重要意义。首先,基于车辆-轨道垂向耦合动力学理论建立车辆-轨道垂向耦合模型;然后,借助基于一弦N点弦测法研制的钢轨短波不平顺测量小车,对地铁线路焊缝接头不平顺进行精确测量,并根据传统弦测理论得到1 m弦测值;接着,将实测3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺和1 m弦测值作为车辆-轨道垂向耦合模型的不平顺激励输入,对比3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺和1 m弦测值激扰下的轮轨响应;最后,研究了车速和焊缝位置对轮轨动力响应的影响。结果表明:相比1 m弦测值激扰下的轮轨动力响应结果,3 m波长焊缝接头不平顺激扰下的轮轨力幅值变化不明显,轮重减载率幅值增大11.52%,钢轨加速度幅值增大54.05%,轮对振动加速度幅值增大37.67%;车速提高会导致轮轨力和轮重减载率幅值增大;焊缝中心与轨枕间的距离增加,轮轨力幅值先增加后减小,当焊缝中心距离轨枕0.1 m时,轮轨力幅值最大。