Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company n...Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company names in Wuhan Pilot Free Trade Area is the basic guarantee for the company to further integrate into the international trade market.Based on the investigation of the current situation of translation of company names in Wuhan Area and the analysis of the problems in the translation,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions to improve the translation quality of company names.展开更多
The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this pape...The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this paper is based on the analysis of 265 parliamentary pronouncements, 19 numbers of an institutional magazine, and 626 news texts from the most important local newspaper, all published between 2007 and 2010. It reveals a shift in the discourse about the ZFM, guided by ecological modernization. The industries are now presented as responsible for preserving the rainforest： it is said that if the tax incentives stop, there will be unemployment and deforestation. This tragic story line does not recognize the role of traditional peoples and communities in forest conservation and neither is open to the public debate about other models of development for the Amazon.展开更多
From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-tr...From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.展开更多
With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. ...With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.展开更多
Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valle...Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valley.Finally,we reached Nyemo County.Although it was not a big county,it looked much more prosperous than Palgon County.A large government office building greeted us in a main street offering shops,both big and small,as well as restaurants-which also caught our eye.Nevertheless,the wandering la...展开更多
By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade ar...By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade area among the following member-states： Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Monte Negro and Serbia.l The free trade area was supposed to be fully functional by the end of 2010 and should provide trade liberalization by elimination of all tariff and non-tariff barriers for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, as well as trade facilitation by simplification of rules of origin and transit procedures. It should also provide mutual recognition of national sanitary, phytosanitary and technical standards. The free trade area should also enable free trade of services, full protection of intellectual rights, fair rules of public procurement procedures and liberalization of capital investment. The beginning of the creation of the free trade area of the Western Balkan countries created a positive effect upon the increment of the trade exchange of goods among its member-states. However, the weak individual economic capacity of each of them immediately caused a decrement in the exports of goods towards trading partners out of CEFTA-2006. Positive effects realized in the beginning of the creation of the free-trade area were very soon annulated by the influence of the economic crises in 2008. At present, the region experiences a slight, but very slow recovery.展开更多
China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GAT...China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GATS 1994 article 24, or according to authorizing the clause （Enabling Clause ） to sign the regional trade agreement between developing countries or signed the protocol of economic integration taking promoting and serving the liberalization of trade as purpose according to WTO/GATS article 5, include the regional trade agreement in the multilateral trade system frame to standardize, supervise and coordinate to China, reduce trade protectionism and improve the multilateral trade system＇s influence in the world greatly. Drawing lessons from CEPA and China the system of the manoeuvre ahead of time of overall ＂entry to WTO＂ of ASEAN Free Trade Area and arrange, accelerate multilateral regional cooperation in economy and trade, zero tariff scheme reform favors route choice.展开更多
Gulf Cooperation Council （GCC） countries are the main countries of the West Asia, they are rich in oil and natural gas, and very important in the world political and economic arena. In recent years, the trade volume...Gulf Cooperation Council （GCC） countries are the main countries of the West Asia, they are rich in oil and natural gas, and very important in the world political and economic arena. In recent years, the trade volume between China and six GCC countries has been rising. The paper analyzes the importance and the prospect of China-GCC Free Trade Area negotiations. The two sides should take positive action to further close dialogue mechanism between the two sides, restart the negotiations on the free trade zone between China and GCC countries as soon as possible, and reach a win-win agreement.展开更多
The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 C...The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.展开更多
This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model ...This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that： （i） CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; （ii） CAFTA will accelerate China＇s export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and （iii） CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China＇s regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by ...The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by probing the gains, impediments and concerns for China, and makes judgments based on several possible scenarios. The author argues that from an economic perspective, China would benefit from joining the FTAAP both in a static and a dynamic manner because both its main trade partners and trade barriers in export markets are concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. However, whether the Chinese Government is likely to support the initiative is largely dependent on certain crucial political and diplomatic elements, including the APEC approach, US-Chinese relations, quality of treaty, sensitive sectors, competitive proposal of alternative and membership of Chinese Taipei. Therefore, if the Chinese Government cannot ratify the ideology and terms of the initiative, or issues that are central to China＇s interests are not addressed, the FTAAP will only remain a proposal possessing economic possibility in the long run, without political feasibility in the near term.展开更多
based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From tradi...based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From traditional effect, Japan hopes through China-Japan- ROK FTA to achieve economic benefits from the rapid economic development in China and South Korea;but from non-traditional effect, considerations for dominance, national security and interests groups make Japan attach importance to TPP too. Because of possible prolonged islands disputes, politically, the China-Japan-ROK FTA is difficult. Japan may prioritize TPP if it has to make a choice between the two.展开更多
The overall planning of Beijing Global Trade Center (GTC) is being carried out by the U.S. designing firm EDAW and the first-phase office building has already been put into use, while the second and third phases are u...The overall planning of Beijing Global Trade Center (GTC) is being carried out by the U.S. designing firm EDAW and the first-phase office building has already been put into use, while the second and third phases are under construction. Guided by the modernity, hi-tech design, a human-oriented approach, and the integration of land-展开更多
Shoppers typically want to spend an amount of time at a destination that is proportional to the travel time required to arrive there;thus,the travel time can be considered the cost of their trip.This is likely to be t...Shoppers typically want to spend an amount of time at a destination that is proportional to the travel time required to arrive there;thus,the travel time can be considered the cost of their trip.This is likely to be the case across regions with different urban structures and cultures.The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the shopping behaviors contained in travel survey data from three metropolitan areas in Japan to identify common patterns and indicators based on travel time and stay time,thereby obtaining an understanding to inform future trade area analyses.Both the travel time and stay time associated with shopping behavior were found to be log-normally distributed regardless of metropolitan area,and four shopping behavior patterns common among the metropolitan areas were identified.The“stay coeffi-cient”was then defined to express the elasticity of stay time according to travel time,and its values were similar according to shopping behavior pattern regardless of metropolitan area.The stay coefficient proposed in this study can therefore be applied to identify shopping behavior patterns in any urban area based on the relationship between travel time and stay time,realizing a novel approach to the analysis of and marketing for trade areas when planning the construction or renovation of commercial facilities.This approach can help inform the decisions of urban policy makers,marketing advisors,and commercial facility operators,and should be of interest to researchers and practitioners working with geospatial,shopping,and other human behavioral characteristics.展开更多
The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)offers the prospect of trade integration between Asia and Europe.But it is subject to a number of risks,some of them are similar to those associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership(...The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)offers the prospect of trade integration between Asia and Europe.But it is subject to a number of risks,some of them are similar to those associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP).East Asian trade liberalisation in the 1990s involved collaborative autonomy–a cooperative process of outward-looking unilateral liberalisation on a‘most favoured nation’(MFN)basis–rather than the creation of a regional free trade area.By contrast,the TPP has sought to create a free trade area,which would have led to trade diversion and have had other unsatisfactory features.The combination of BRI with the Regional Cooperation Economic Partnership(RCEP)might offer the possibility of outward-looking liberalisation,one which is neither dominated by China nor subject to the trade diversion of the TPP.This combination would bring strength and legitimacy to the BRI.展开更多
This paper applies a computable general equilibrium model to investigate the potential economic effects of trade liberalization across the Taiwan Strait. Our simulation results reveal that cross-Strait trade liberaliz...This paper applies a computable general equilibrium model to investigate the potential economic effects of trade liberalization across the Taiwan Strait. Our simulation results reveal that cross-Strait trade liberalization will have significant positive impacts on external trade, domestic investment and real GDP for the economies in this area in general and in Taiwan in particular. Furthermore, the negative impact from the formation of a free trade arrangement between Taiwan and Chinese Mainland on Hong Kong seems to be rather small. These results suggest that cross-Strait trade liberalization is very likely to bring about a win-win situation for the economies in this area.展开更多
文摘Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company names in Wuhan Pilot Free Trade Area is the basic guarantee for the company to further integrate into the international trade market.Based on the investigation of the current situation of translation of company names in Wuhan Area and the analysis of the problems in the translation,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions to improve the translation quality of company names.
文摘The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this paper is based on the analysis of 265 parliamentary pronouncements, 19 numbers of an institutional magazine, and 626 news texts from the most important local newspaper, all published between 2007 and 2010. It reveals a shift in the discourse about the ZFM, guided by ecological modernization. The industries are now presented as responsible for preserving the rainforest： it is said that if the tax incentives stop, there will be unemployment and deforestation. This tragic story line does not recognize the role of traditional peoples and communities in forest conservation and neither is open to the public debate about other models of development for the Amazon.
文摘From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.
文摘With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.
文摘Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valley.Finally,we reached Nyemo County.Although it was not a big county,it looked much more prosperous than Palgon County.A large government office building greeted us in a main street offering shops,both big and small,as well as restaurants-which also caught our eye.Nevertheless,the wandering la...
文摘By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade area among the following member-states： Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Monte Negro and Serbia.l The free trade area was supposed to be fully functional by the end of 2010 and should provide trade liberalization by elimination of all tariff and non-tariff barriers for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, as well as trade facilitation by simplification of rules of origin and transit procedures. It should also provide mutual recognition of national sanitary, phytosanitary and technical standards. The free trade area should also enable free trade of services, full protection of intellectual rights, fair rules of public procurement procedures and liberalization of capital investment. The beginning of the creation of the free trade area of the Western Balkan countries created a positive effect upon the increment of the trade exchange of goods among its member-states. However, the weak individual economic capacity of each of them immediately caused a decrement in the exports of goods towards trading partners out of CEFTA-2006. Positive effects realized in the beginning of the creation of the free-trade area were very soon annulated by the influence of the economic crises in 2008. At present, the region experiences a slight, but very slow recovery.
文摘China＇s tariff arrangement in the transition period after ＂entry to WTO＂ influences the process of the multilateral trade system in the world. Establishing the free trade area and customs union according to WTO/GATS 1994 article 24, or according to authorizing the clause （Enabling Clause ） to sign the regional trade agreement between developing countries or signed the protocol of economic integration taking promoting and serving the liberalization of trade as purpose according to WTO/GATS article 5, include the regional trade agreement in the multilateral trade system frame to standardize, supervise and coordinate to China, reduce trade protectionism and improve the multilateral trade system＇s influence in the world greatly. Drawing lessons from CEPA and China the system of the manoeuvre ahead of time of overall ＂entry to WTO＂ of ASEAN Free Trade Area and arrange, accelerate multilateral regional cooperation in economy and trade, zero tariff scheme reform favors route choice.
文摘Gulf Cooperation Council （GCC） countries are the main countries of the West Asia, they are rich in oil and natural gas, and very important in the world political and economic arena. In recent years, the trade volume between China and six GCC countries has been rising. The paper analyzes the importance and the prospect of China-GCC Free Trade Area negotiations. The two sides should take positive action to further close dialogue mechanism between the two sides, restart the negotiations on the free trade zone between China and GCC countries as soon as possible, and reach a win-win agreement.
文摘The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70603036)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-N-039)
文摘This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that： （i） CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; （ii） CAFTA will accelerate China＇s export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and （iii） CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China＇s regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.
基金The paper is a revised version based on the contribution to the APEC/ABAC/PECC Project on "The Feasibility of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific" (2006).
文摘The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by probing the gains, impediments and concerns for China, and makes judgments based on several possible scenarios. The author argues that from an economic perspective, China would benefit from joining the FTAAP both in a static and a dynamic manner because both its main trade partners and trade barriers in export markets are concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. However, whether the Chinese Government is likely to support the initiative is largely dependent on certain crucial political and diplomatic elements, including the APEC approach, US-Chinese relations, quality of treaty, sensitive sectors, competitive proposal of alternative and membership of Chinese Taipei. Therefore, if the Chinese Government cannot ratify the ideology and terms of the initiative, or issues that are central to China＇s interests are not addressed, the FTAAP will only remain a proposal possessing economic possibility in the long run, without political feasibility in the near term.
文摘based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From traditional effect, Japan hopes through China-Japan- ROK FTA to achieve economic benefits from the rapid economic development in China and South Korea;but from non-traditional effect, considerations for dominance, national security and interests groups make Japan attach importance to TPP too. Because of possible prolonged islands disputes, politically, the China-Japan-ROK FTA is difficult. Japan may prioritize TPP if it has to make a choice between the two.
文摘The overall planning of Beijing Global Trade Center (GTC) is being carried out by the U.S. designing firm EDAW and the first-phase office building has already been put into use, while the second and third phases are under construction. Guided by the modernity, hi-tech design, a human-oriented approach, and the integration of land-
文摘Shoppers typically want to spend an amount of time at a destination that is proportional to the travel time required to arrive there;thus,the travel time can be considered the cost of their trip.This is likely to be the case across regions with different urban structures and cultures.The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze the shopping behaviors contained in travel survey data from three metropolitan areas in Japan to identify common patterns and indicators based on travel time and stay time,thereby obtaining an understanding to inform future trade area analyses.Both the travel time and stay time associated with shopping behavior were found to be log-normally distributed regardless of metropolitan area,and four shopping behavior patterns common among the metropolitan areas were identified.The“stay coeffi-cient”was then defined to express the elasticity of stay time according to travel time,and its values were similar according to shopping behavior pattern regardless of metropolitan area.The stay coefficient proposed in this study can therefore be applied to identify shopping behavior patterns in any urban area based on the relationship between travel time and stay time,realizing a novel approach to the analysis of and marketing for trade areas when planning the construction or renovation of commercial facilities.This approach can help inform the decisions of urban policy makers,marketing advisors,and commercial facility operators,and should be of interest to researchers and practitioners working with geospatial,shopping,and other human behavioral characteristics.
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)offers the prospect of trade integration between Asia and Europe.But it is subject to a number of risks,some of them are similar to those associated with the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP).East Asian trade liberalisation in the 1990s involved collaborative autonomy–a cooperative process of outward-looking unilateral liberalisation on a‘most favoured nation’(MFN)basis–rather than the creation of a regional free trade area.By contrast,the TPP has sought to create a free trade area,which would have led to trade diversion and have had other unsatisfactory features.The combination of BRI with the Regional Cooperation Economic Partnership(RCEP)might offer the possibility of outward-looking liberalisation,one which is neither dominated by China nor subject to the trade diversion of the TPP.This combination would bring strength and legitimacy to the BRI.
文摘This paper applies a computable general equilibrium model to investigate the potential economic effects of trade liberalization across the Taiwan Strait. Our simulation results reveal that cross-Strait trade liberalization will have significant positive impacts on external trade, domestic investment and real GDP for the economies in this area in general and in Taiwan in particular. Furthermore, the negative impact from the formation of a free trade arrangement between Taiwan and Chinese Mainland on Hong Kong seems to be rather small. These results suggest that cross-Strait trade liberalization is very likely to bring about a win-win situation for the economies in this area.
