Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of Chinese materia medica is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.The property of Chinese materia medica(PCMM)is a multi-dimensional expression of the effect of Chinese materia medica(CMM),and it is related to the clinical prescription that fully reflects the clinical effect evaluation of CMM in a holistic,systematic,and scientific way.This paper discusses the source,development,and application of the PCMM by considering not only the five dimensions that constitute the PCMM but also the recognition of the human body and disease as given in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational use and development of CMM.

Reason Analysis and Risk Prevention of Soaring Price of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials

In recent years,the price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials soars continuously,and the resulting price risk increasingly looms large,which has critically affected midstream and downstream industries and peoples' demand for drug,and imperiled healthy and orderly development of traditional Chinese medicinal industries.Based on the status quo of continuous skyrocketing price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials at present,we winkle out the root cause of soaring price as follows:the supply and demand lose balance;the production costs hike up;there are other factors responsible for soaring price.This paper further analyses the impact of sharp increase in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials on all links of industry chain as follows:the medicinal herb growers never benefit from soaring price;the counterfeiters and forgers in midstream industry increase;the gross profit rate of Chinese medicine enterprises declines.In accordance with the risk arising from abnormal fluctuation in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,corresponding precautionary measures are put forward as follows:promote the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of value chain;curtail the production and management cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of organization chain;stabilize price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of information chain;reduce transaction cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of logistics chain.

Problems in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Industry in Shiyan City and Countermeasures

Through the analysis on the cultivation advantages and development problems of traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, some measures were proposed to enlarge and enhance the traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry, namely, large-scale, standardized, market-oriented and regionalized planting, thereby making it the pillar industry for farmers to increase income.

Antioxidant Activity of 50 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Varies with Total Phenolics

This study was designed to determine the total phenolic content of 50 herbs and to examine their antioxidant potential. In the sample preparation, 60% ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent for the subsequent experiments. Folin-Cicolteau phenol reagent and a colorimetric method were used to determine the total phenolic content of the selected herbs. The result showed that total phenolic content of those herbs ranged from 2 to 185 mg/g. In antioxidant assay, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) values ranged from 2 to 134 mg GAE/g;the IC50 values of DPPH?·, ·OH and ?scavenging were in the range of 0.06 - 5.50 mg/mL, 0.017 - 0.636 mg/mL and 0.050 - 0.681 mg/mL respectively. Flos caryophylli was the exceptant in the ?scavenging assay because there was no linear relation between the concentration and the scavenging percentage. Compared to gallic acid, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in antioxidant assay as positive control, the most potential antioxidant herbs were Cacumen platycladi, Radix et Rhizoma rhei, Rhizoma rhodiolae crenulatae, and Rhizoma sanguisorbae with considerable content of phenolics. Especially, a positive and significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and FRAP value or DPPH· scavenging percentage.

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Survey of dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica

The research on the dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica is delayed due to the complexity of its composition, multi-efficacy, multi-targeting and other factors. Many experts put forward relevant research ideas and methods and worked out more and more research results in literature, experimental and clinical categories because of the progress of statistical methods and scientific and technological means in recent years. In this paper, these results were preliminarily combed to show the basic situation of dose-effect relationship research in Chinese materia medica.

中药复方干预肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征糖脂代谢异常的Meta分析

目的:通过文献研究阐述中药干预肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者代谢异常的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索国内外主流医药数据库中关于中医、中西医结合对比单纯西药治疗PCOS的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)。参照Cochrane系统评价手册对全文的设计方案进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入22项RCT进行Meta分析,中药或中西药联合治疗不仅在提升排卵率这一主要研究指标上优于单纯西药治疗(P<0.05),还在改善胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)等方面优于单纯西药治疗(均P<0.05),但在调节空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)和腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)方面与西药治疗差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:中药或中西药联合干预肥胖型PCOS糖脂代谢异常,具有多途径、多靶点调控作用,无严重不良反应,优于单纯西药治疗。

以本草经典诵读加强中药学专业传承教育的实践

本草是我国传统药学知识的统称,蕴含着我国古代药学的独特理论,以及源于实践的行之有效的治病经验和诸多原创性思维。我国历代保留了大量本草经典文献,抓住了本草经典,也就抓住了传承传统药学知识与技术的重要载体。开展“本草经典诵读”,有利于培养学生的中医药思维,完善学生的知识结构,解决目前中药学专业传承教育弱化的现实问题,提升中药学专业本科人才培养质量。

A ten-year audit of traditional Chinese medicine and other natural product research published in the Chinese Medical Journal （2000-2009）

Background Clinical research encompasses a wide variety of disciplines. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and natural product research have made great contributions to preventing and treating illness. The number and content of original research reports evaluating TCM and natural products have not previously been described. Information in this area will identify areas of relative strength and weakness in terms of knowledge gaps with respect to clinical conditions and natural product remedies.Methods Original research reports （i.e. original articles, brief reports, and research letters） published in the Chinese Medical Journal （CMJ） from January 2000 to December 2009 evaluating TCM and other natural products were reviewed.The United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration （UK-CRC） Health Research Classification System was used to analyze the type of health research conducted. Further analysis on the major illnesses addressed and the major herbal components utilized was conducted.Results One hundred and seventeen original research reports involving TCM or other natural products were identified,comprising 3.82% of the CMJ output in the period covered by this study. Of the different materia medica described in these reports, 74.4% were derived exclusively from plant material, 10.3% from animals, 3.4% from fungi, 1.7% from minerals, and 10.3% were of mixed （plant / animal / fungal / mineral） composition. Twelve herbs were investigated exclusively or were constituents of 66/87 （75.9%） of the plant-based materia medica investigated. Panax ginseng was the most commonly investigated herb or constituent （14/87, 16.1%）, followed by Astragalus membranaceus （9/87, 10.3%）,Coptis chinensis/Berberis spp. （7/87, 8.0%） and Rheum spp. （7/87, 8.0%）. Four UK-CRC health categories accounted for the majority of TCM and other natural product research （cancer, 20.9%; cardiovascular, 19.2%; oral/gastrointestinal,9.8%; and inflammatory/immune, 9.0%）. The most common research activity was ＂development of treatments and therapeutic interventions＂, which was undertaken by 103/117 （88.0%） of the research investigations reported. Human clinical trials involving natural products accounted for only 5.31% of the reported studies.Conclusions This is a relatively early systematic description of published research from a single joumal related to TCM and other natural products. The majority of the research reports described preliminary findings and very few controlled clinical trials in human subjects were reported. Further applied studies will be required to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness, utility and cost-effectiveness of TCM and natural products in clinical practice. The UK-CRC health research classification system is a useful tool for evaluating published research output and could be applied to describe the output from other journals, national and provincial funding bodies, charities, and non-governmental organizations involved in supporting health-related research.

葫芦岛地区中药材产业发展及装备需求分析

我国中药材种植业从播种到采收仍以传统的人工作业方式为主,劳动效率低下,会影响中药产业的长期健康稳定发展。阐述我国中药材产业发展及机械化配套现状,分析中药材机械化发展中存在的问题及其生产所需的配套装备,探讨中药材机械化的综合效益。

肌萎缩侧索硬化症个案处方用药规律挖掘

目的为中医临床治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网中以中药治疗ALS的个案文献,检索时限为自建库起至2022年11月。采用Excel软件统计复方中组方药物的使用频次(率)、四气(性)、五味、归经、功效,并导入中医传承计算平台(V 3.0)进行数据挖掘。结果共纳入个案文献110篇,涉及中药组方139个、中药218味,累计使用频次1946次。常用药物(使用频率>10%)45味,性味归经分别以温性(47.35%)、甘味(42.45%)、归脾经(20.29%)为主,药物功效以补虚类(41.37%)为主。中药组合98个,涉及中药24味,其中以黄芪、白术、党参组合(33次)最常见,药对以黄芪-山药、黄芪-熟地黄最常见(均使用32次);聚类分析提取核心药物组合5类。结论ALS个案用药处方以补虚类中药为核心,分补气、补血、补阳、补肝肾,配以升阳、温里、行气等药味。处方组合以气血双补、阴阳双补、清热化痰和益气活血为主要功效。

中药有效成分结合骨组织工程材料用于骨修复

背景:如何修复骨缺损一直以来是临床难题,中药有效成分在骨修复方面具有良好的生物活性与治疗效果,将中药有效成分与组织工程材料相结合在骨修复领域具有广阔的前景。不同中药有效成分与支架的组合在作用关系方面具有相似之处。目的:搜集常见的中药有效成分与支架材料组合的案例,基于七情配伍的启发将组织工程支架与中药有效成分类比为产生配伍关系的两类中药,以二者的作用关系为纲进行归纳总结。方法:检索1998年1月至2024年1月Pub Med和中国知网数据库中发表的相关文献,英文检索词:“traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold”,中文检索词:“中药,中药有效成分,中药单体,骨组织工程,骨组织工程支架,支架,组织工程,骨缺损,骨修复”,最终纳入88篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)组织工程支架材料与中药有效成分各自均在骨修复领域有广泛的运用,二者在成骨方面优势明显但仍有许多缺陷,许多研究致力于将二者制备成复合材料,希望通过二者间的相互作用发挥减毒增效作用。(2)一些药物与材料在成骨、抗菌、促血管生成方面能互相促进,增强原有的效果,受到传统方剂配伍观念的启发,文章将其归纳为“相须”关系,并举实例佐证。(3)一些药物能提高材料的强度,而某些材料能对负载于其上的药物实现缓释控释效果、增加载药量与稳定性,或是进行靶向递送,文章将这种单方面的提升效果归纳为“相使”关系。(4)一些中药与材料搭配使用能减少对方的毒副反应,文章将这种减毒关系归纳为“相畏相杀”。(5)文章得出了一个由七情配伍关系启发、基于作用关系分类的关于中药复合支架的全新视角,将中药传统观念引入组织工程领域,为后续复合支架的研究者提供新的研究思路,并在选材搭配方面提供一定的便利。

山东省济南市钢城区中药资源现状调查及分析

为摸清山东省济南市钢城区中药资源分布现状,按照全国第四次中药资源普查的统一要求,通过野外调查、内业整理、数据分析等过程对钢城区野外药用植物资源的分布、中药材栽培等进行调查梳理。结果表明:钢城区现有野生中药资源180种,隶属于65科、151属,其中优势科有菊科、豆科、十字花科等,野生商陆、茜草、益母草的蕴藏量较大,野生中药资源中有69种被《中国药典》2020版收录;栽培品种丹参、黄芩、山楂、花椒、金银花、生姜的种植面积较大,其中白花丹参为地理标志性资源。本次资源普查对钢城区的野生药用植物资源种类和分布进行了全面了解,为区域性中药资源的开发利用以及中药产业可持续发展提供了科学依据。

基于官修方书探讨宋代香佩疗法特点

宋代为方剂学和香文化皆蓬勃发展的重要历史时期,香佩疗法在当时富有鲜明的时代特色。梳理宋代三大官修方书中的香佩方剂发现,宋时香佩疗法用药多样,除了常用矿物药和骨类药之外,本土香药与外来香药皆有大量使用;用法灵活,有膏、丹、丸、散等多种剂型,可佩戴于头、手、颈、胸等身体各部位,但总体以丸剂佩于上肢者为多;用途广泛,以辟疫驱邪治疗传染性疾病为主,内外妇儿各科杂症也有涉及,为后世香佩疗法的发展打下了良好的基础。

旧学新知:《本草正》中药之“毒”的知识来源研究

《本草正》是明末审视中药之“毒”的重要本草著作,考虑到《本草纲目》是明以前本草药物知识的集大成者,对二者文本结构与论述细节进行对比后,确认两书在知识书写上确有渊源,进而探讨其背后的医学理论,发现该书关于“毒”与气味关系的讨论应另有来源。因此将“毒”与气味的关系作为《本草正》中药之“毒”衍异知识的核心进行考察,得出与金元医学及其后续医家的相关理论存有密切联系,也采录自当时流行之医疗观念,且寒凉时弊的盛行也推动了其衍异知识的形成。这些揭示出《本草正》所含中药之“毒”知识的丰富性与先进性,显示了其与明末现实医疗需求相适应的倾向。

小檗碱促进骨再生的机制、安全性及在骨组织工程中的应用

背景:小檗碱具有诱导各种间充质干细胞在正常状态和高糖、感染及炎症等特殊状态下成骨分化的潜力,可替代生长因子诱导种子细胞成骨,是一种具有骨诱导潜力的天然小分子药物,在骨组织工程领域有着巨大的应用前景。目的:回顾和总结小檗碱成骨机制及效能,尤其是在高糖、感染及炎症环境下的成骨潜力,以及小檗碱生物安全性方面的研究进展,为其在骨组织工程中的发展应用提供理论依据。方法:在PubMed、万方及中国知网数据库,以英文检索词“berberine,bone defects,bone repair,bone regeneration,osteoinductive,osteoporosis,osteoblast,osteoclast,bone tissue engineering,bone,high glucose,diabetes,inflam*,infect*”,中文检索词“黄连素,小檗碱,骨缺损,骨修复,骨再生,骨诱导,骨质疏松,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,骨组织工程,骨,高糖,糖尿病,炎症,感染”进行文献检索,最终筛选后纳入105篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)小檗碱能用于治疗包括骨病在内的多种疾病,其具有促进骨再生作用,文章系统综述了小檗碱对骨再生作用机制及体内外研究。(2)研究表明小檗碱能够通过促骨生成、抑制破骨细胞形成及其活性、抗骨质疏松等方面发挥骨修复作用,主要通过参与Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/AKT,EGFR/MEK/p38MAPK,cAMP/PKA/CREB和ERK等信号通路,表现出优异的成骨诱导分化潜力。(3)小檗碱还可以解除因高糖、感染及炎症引起的细胞成骨分化抑制,这为治疗患有糖尿病的骨缺损患者或骨缺损部位有感染及炎症的患者提供了更多可能。(4)小檗碱还具有毒性小、价格低廉和易于获取(目前已经能够人工合成)等优点,是较为理想的骨诱导潜力药物。(5)近年来应用小檗碱治疗骨缺损趋于局部使用,主要通过与骨组织工程技术结合改善生物利用度,在动物实验中表现出良好的骨修复作用和生物安全性,而且临床前实验表明,小檗碱在糖尿病、局部感染及炎症状态下仍然表现出优秀的骨再生潜力。(6)未来还需要更多的研究完整地揭示小檗碱的成骨机制和生物安全性等问题,并寻求最合适的控释载体制作出机械强度、疗效及生物安全性均佳的人工骨替代材料。

藁本基原与辽藁本道地药材本草考证

文章通过查阅古代本草文献、地方志、期刊文献等,收集相关资料并归纳总结,从中药的名称、基原植物、功效等方面对藁本进行本草考证,探究辽藁本的道地产区及其历史变迁,挖掘辽藁本的道地性。在考证过程中发现,《植物名实图考》对于藁本产地的记载“今山东别有藁本”与其他本草著作均不相同,通过本草考证确定中药藁本的基原植物为伞形科藁本属植物藁本Ligusticum sinense Oliv.、辽藁本Ligusticum jeholense Nakai et Kitag.。古时辽藁本的道地产区为当今山西省太原市、武宁县等地,近代其道地产区变迁至辽宁省境内。

天然产物抗肺癌作用及其机制的研究进展

目的总结天然产物抗肺癌的机制,为候选治疗肺癌新的前瞻性药物提供理论基础。方法利用肺癌、中药、药理学及其组合等关键词,收集中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Science Direct和Web of science等数据库有关天然产物抗肺癌作用研究的文章,并进行总结。结果中医药治疗肺癌优势明显,具有药理机制新颖、毒性低、不良反应小的特点,可增效减毒、提高患者生活质量。天然产物主要包括黄酮类、生物碱类、多糖类、萜类、皂苷类和酚类,具有抑制肿瘤细胞周期、抑制增殖、诱导凋亡、促进自噬、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移的作用;天然产物与细胞毒性药物联合使用,可以增强疗效或降低耐药性,延缓肺癌的进展,延长患者的生存时间。结论中药含有多种黄酮、生物碱、萜及其苷类、多酚和其他可有效对抗肺癌的活性化合物,适合作为治疗肺癌的候选药物。

中药有效成分结合支架材料促进骨组织再生

背景:随着淫羊藿苷、黄连素等中药被证实可以促进骨再生,研究者将中药活性成分与骨组织工程相结合,发现其在骨缺损的修复中具有独特优势。目的:从促进成骨的中药有效成分出发,筛选其与不同载药支架材料有效结合的案例,归纳总结有潜力应用于骨组织工程的中药有效成分。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库,以“骨组织工程,骨组织工程支架材料,骨缺损,骨修复,骨再生,中医药”为中文检索词,以“bone tissue engineering,bone tissue-engineered scaffold materials,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,traditional Chinese medicine”为英文检索词,检索时限限定为2000-2023年,根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入87篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:促进骨再生的中药有效成分种类繁多,主要包括黄酮类化合物、非黄酮类多酚、生物碱、苷类,有消炎止痛、促进成骨细胞和抑制破骨细胞以及促进血管早期生成的作用。中药有效成分与骨组织工程结合后在抗炎、加速胶原蛋白和骨骼形成、促进成骨基因表达等方面效果显著,为中药在骨组织再生中的应用提供了理论依据,同时为骨缺损修复提供了新的思路。

中药配方颗粒药品追溯系统研究进展

目的探讨有效保障中药配方颗粒质量安全的方法。方法总结中药配方颗粒全供应链追溯系统的内涵、相关法规和应用情况。通过中药配方颗粒药品追溯系统强化信息互通共享,实现药品全品种、全过程追溯,促进药品质量安全的综合治理。结果与结论中药配方颗粒药品追溯系统为相关系统的开发及应用提供了借鉴,可推进药品信息化追溯体系的建设。