Systems Theory-Driven Framework for AI Integration into the Holistic Material Basis Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine

This paper introduces a systems theory-driven framework to integration artificial intelligence(AI)into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,enhancing the understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis while adhering to evidence-based principles.Utilizing the System Function Decoding Model(SFDM),the research progresses through define,quantify,infer,and validate phases to systematically explore TCM’s material basis.It employs a dual analytical approach that combines top-down,systems theory-guided perspectives with bottom-up,elements-structure-function methodologies,provides comprehensive insights into TCM’s holistic material basis.Moreover,the research examines AI’s role in quantitative assessment and predictive analysis of TCM’s material components,proposing two specific AIdriven technical applications.This interdisciplinary effort underscores AI’s potential to enhance our understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis and establishes a foundation for future research at the intersection of traditional wisdom and modern technology.

Property theory of Chinese materia medica: Clinical pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicine

The property theory of Chinese materia medica is one of the foundations of traditional Chinese medicine.The property of Chinese materia medica(PCMM)is a multi-dimensional expression of the effect of Chinese materia medica(CMM),and it is related to the clinical prescription that fully reflects the clinical effect evaluation of CMM in a holistic,systematic,and scientific way.This paper discusses the source,development,and application of the PCMM by considering not only the five dimensions that constitute the PCMM but also the recognition of the human body and disease as given in traditional Chinese medicine.This paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for the rational use and development of CMM.

Reason Analysis and Risk Prevention of Soaring Price of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials

In recent years,the price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials soars continuously,and the resulting price risk increasingly looms large,which has critically affected midstream and downstream industries and peoples' demand for drug,and imperiled healthy and orderly development of traditional Chinese medicinal industries.Based on the status quo of continuous skyrocketing price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials at present,we winkle out the root cause of soaring price as follows:the supply and demand lose balance;the production costs hike up;there are other factors responsible for soaring price.This paper further analyses the impact of sharp increase in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials on all links of industry chain as follows:the medicinal herb growers never benefit from soaring price;the counterfeiters and forgers in midstream industry increase;the gross profit rate of Chinese medicine enterprises declines.In accordance with the risk arising from abnormal fluctuation in price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials,corresponding precautionary measures are put forward as follows:promote the quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of value chain;curtail the production and management cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of organization chain;stabilize price of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of information chain;reduce transaction cost of traditional Chinese medicinal materials through management of logistics chain.

Problems in the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Industry in Shiyan City and Countermeasures

Through the analysis on the cultivation advantages and development problems of traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, some measures were proposed to enlarge and enhance the traditional Chinese medicinal planting industry, namely, large-scale, standardized, market-oriented and regionalized planting, thereby making it the pillar industry for farmers to increase income.

Antioxidant Activity of 50 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Varies with Total Phenolics

This study was designed to determine the total phenolic content of 50 herbs and to examine their antioxidant potential. In the sample preparation, 60% ethanol was chosen as the extraction solvent for the subsequent experiments. Folin-Cicolteau phenol reagent and a colorimetric method were used to determine the total phenolic content of the selected herbs. The result showed that total phenolic content of those herbs ranged from 2 to 185 mg/g. In antioxidant assay, the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) values ranged from 2 to 134 mg GAE/g;the IC50 values of DPPH?·, ·OH and ?scavenging were in the range of 0.06 - 5.50 mg/mL, 0.017 - 0.636 mg/mL and 0.050 - 0.681 mg/mL respectively. Flos caryophylli was the exceptant in the ?scavenging assay because there was no linear relation between the concentration and the scavenging percentage. Compared to gallic acid, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in antioxidant assay as positive control, the most potential antioxidant herbs were Cacumen platycladi, Radix et Rhizoma rhei, Rhizoma rhodiolae crenulatae, and Rhizoma sanguisorbae with considerable content of phenolics. Especially, a positive and significant correlation was found between the total phenolic content and FRAP value or DPPH· scavenging percentage.

Gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern Chinese medicine

isTraditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a highly complex chemical substance system,which not only reflected in the complexity of the chemical components and their interrelationships,but also in the intricacy of the prescription’s connection with the human body.Component compatibility strategy has been proposed for developing modern TCM since 2005 and established comprehensive relevant technologies and research approaches.Moreover,to meet the safety and efficacy of current pharmaceuticals,research on fixed-dose combination drugs is directed by modern scientific theories,conforms to TCM compatibility principles and clarifies material basis and pharmacological mechanisms and component-effect correlations.This review summarized gaps and feasibility of fixed-dose combination strategy in the development of modern TCM research and assessed their advantages and disadvantages in light of contemporary drug combination research practices.

Survey of dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica

The research on the dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica is delayed due to the complexity of its composition, multi-efficacy, multi-targeting and other factors. Many experts put forward relevant research ideas and methods and worked out more and more research results in literature, experimental and clinical categories because of the progress of statistical methods and scientific and technological means in recent years. In this paper, these results were preliminarily combed to show the basic situation of dose-effect relationship research in Chinese materia medica.

A ten-year audit of traditional Chinese medicine and other natural product research published in the Chinese Medical Journal （2000-2009）

Background Clinical research encompasses a wide variety of disciplines. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and natural product research have made great contributions to preventing and treating illness. The number and content of original research reports evaluating TCM and natural products have not previously been described. Information in this area will identify areas of relative strength and weakness in terms of knowledge gaps with respect to clinical conditions and natural product remedies.Methods Original research reports （i.e. original articles, brief reports, and research letters） published in the Chinese Medical Journal （CMJ） from January 2000 to December 2009 evaluating TCM and other natural products were reviewed.The United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration （UK-CRC） Health Research Classification System was used to analyze the type of health research conducted. Further analysis on the major illnesses addressed and the major herbal components utilized was conducted.Results One hundred and seventeen original research reports involving TCM or other natural products were identified,comprising 3.82% of the CMJ output in the period covered by this study. Of the different materia medica described in these reports, 74.4% were derived exclusively from plant material, 10.3% from animals, 3.4% from fungi, 1.7% from minerals, and 10.3% were of mixed （plant / animal / fungal / mineral） composition. Twelve herbs were investigated exclusively or were constituents of 66/87 （75.9%） of the plant-based materia medica investigated. Panax ginseng was the most commonly investigated herb or constituent （14/87, 16.1%）, followed by Astragalus membranaceus （9/87, 10.3%）,Coptis chinensis/Berberis spp. （7/87, 8.0%） and Rheum spp. （7/87, 8.0%）. Four UK-CRC health categories accounted for the majority of TCM and other natural product research （cancer, 20.9%; cardiovascular, 19.2%; oral/gastrointestinal,9.8%; and inflammatory/immune, 9.0%）. The most common research activity was ＂development of treatments and therapeutic interventions＂, which was undertaken by 103/117 （88.0%） of the research investigations reported. Human clinical trials involving natural products accounted for only 5.31% of the reported studies.Conclusions This is a relatively early systematic description of published research from a single joumal related to TCM and other natural products. The majority of the research reports described preliminary findings and very few controlled clinical trials in human subjects were reported. Further applied studies will be required to demonstrate the clinical effectiveness, utility and cost-effectiveness of TCM and natural products in clinical practice. The UK-CRC health research classification system is a useful tool for evaluating published research output and could be applied to describe the output from other journals, national and provincial funding bodies, charities, and non-governmental organizations involved in supporting health-related research.

中药有效成分结合骨组织工程材料用于骨修复

背景:如何修复骨缺损一直以来是临床难题,中药有效成分在骨修复方面具有良好的生物活性与治疗效果,将中药有效成分与组织工程材料相结合在骨修复领域具有广阔的前景。不同中药有效成分与支架的组合在作用关系方面具有相似之处。目的:搜集常见的中药有效成分与支架材料组合的案例,基于七情配伍的启发将组织工程支架与中药有效成分类比为产生配伍关系的两类中药,以二者的作用关系为纲进行归纳总结。方法:检索1998年1月至2024年1月Pub Med和中国知网数据库中发表的相关文献,英文检索词:“traditional Chinese medicine,Chinese medicine,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,bone defect,bone repair,bone tissue engineering,tissue engineering,scaffold”,中文检索词:“中药,中药有效成分,中药单体,骨组织工程,骨组织工程支架,支架,组织工程,骨缺损,骨修复”,最终纳入88篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:(1)组织工程支架材料与中药有效成分各自均在骨修复领域有广泛的运用,二者在成骨方面优势明显但仍有许多缺陷,许多研究致力于将二者制备成复合材料,希望通过二者间的相互作用发挥减毒增效作用。(2)一些药物与材料在成骨、抗菌、促血管生成方面能互相促进,增强原有的效果,受到传统方剂配伍观念的启发,文章将其归纳为“相须”关系,并举实例佐证。(3)一些药物能提高材料的强度,而某些材料能对负载于其上的药物实现缓释控释效果、增加载药量与稳定性,或是进行靶向递送,文章将这种单方面的提升效果归纳为“相使”关系。(4)一些中药与材料搭配使用能减少对方的毒副反应,文章将这种减毒关系归纳为“相畏相杀”。(5)文章得出了一个由七情配伍关系启发、基于作用关系分类的关于中药复合支架的全新视角,将中药传统观念引入组织工程领域,为后续复合支架的研究者提供新的研究思路,并在选材搭配方面提供一定的便利。

Bioactive constituents of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicinal materials for breast cancer:opportunities and challenges

Breast cancer is globally the most common invasive cancer in women and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths.Surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and endocrine therapy are currently the main treatments for this cancer type.However,some breast cancer patients are prone to drug resistance related to chemotherapy or immunotherapy,resulting in limited treatment efficacy.Consequently,traditional Chinese medicinal materials(TCMMs)as natural products have become an attractive source of novel drugs.In this review,we summarized the current knowledge on the active components of animal-derived TCMMs,including Ophiocordyceps sinensis-derived cordycepin,the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O.sinensis,norcantharidin(NCTD),Chansu,bee venom,deer antlers,Ostrea gigas,and scorpion venom,with reference to marked anti-breast cancer effects due to regulating cell cycle arrest,proliferation,apoptosis,metastasis,and drug resistance.In future studies,the underlying mechanisms for the antitumor effects of these components need to be further investigated by utilizing multi-omics technologies.Furthermore,large-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy of bioactive constituents alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs for breast cancer treatment.

Analysis of the Application of“Jing(精)”in Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲自〉Compendium of Materia Medica)

Taking the Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica)(Jinling edition金陵本)as the research object and“Jing”as the search term,this article summarizes the quantity of medicinals containing“Jing”in Ben Cao Gang Mu,analyzes the connotation and application of“Jing”in traditional Chinese medicine,and finds that the application of“Jing”in medicine does not deviate from the original meaning of“Jing,”but endows it with the concepts of medicine and pharmacy,and expands the application scope of“Jing.”This study is helpful to understand and use spermicide more reasonably.

中药复方干预肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征糖脂代谢异常的Meta分析

目的:通过文献研究阐述中药干预肥胖型多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)患者代谢异常的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索国内外主流医药数据库中关于中医、中西医结合对比单纯西药治疗PCOS的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)。参照Cochrane系统评价手册对全文的设计方案进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入22项RCT进行Meta分析,中药或中西药联合治疗不仅在提升排卵率这一主要研究指标上优于单纯西药治疗(P<0.05),还在改善胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)等方面优于单纯西药治疗(均P<0.05),但在调节空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)和腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)方面与西药治疗差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:中药或中西药联合干预肥胖型PCOS糖脂代谢异常,具有多途径、多靶点调控作用,无严重不良反应,优于单纯西药治疗。

以本草经典诵读加强中药学专业传承教育的实践

本草是我国传统药学知识的统称,蕴含着我国古代药学的独特理论,以及源于实践的行之有效的治病经验和诸多原创性思维。我国历代保留了大量本草经典文献,抓住了本草经典,也就抓住了传承传统药学知识与技术的重要载体。开展“本草经典诵读”,有利于培养学生的中医药思维,完善学生的知识结构,解决目前中药学专业传承教育弱化的现实问题,提升中药学专业本科人才培养质量。

中西医结合桥梁课程思政素材库的构建与实践

为落实立德树人根本任务,以中西医结合桥梁课程为例,系统介绍课程思政素材库构建思路,围绕政治素养、职业素养、科学素养、道德素养、文化素养5个素养挖掘思政元素,构建中西医结合桥梁课程思政素材库,以发挥出课程的育人功能,为培养高素质的中西医结合人才打下坚实基础。

葫芦岛地区中药材产业发展及装备需求分析

我国中药材种植业从播种到采收仍以传统的人工作业方式为主,劳动效率低下,会影响中药产业的长期健康稳定发展。阐述我国中药材产业发展及机械化配套现状,分析中药材机械化发展中存在的问题及其生产所需的配套装备,探讨中药材机械化的综合效益。

山东省济南市钢城区中药资源现状调查及分析

为摸清山东省济南市钢城区中药资源分布现状,按照全国第四次中药资源普查的统一要求,通过野外调查、内业整理、数据分析等过程对钢城区野外药用植物资源的分布、中药材栽培等进行调查梳理。结果表明:钢城区现有野生中药资源180种,隶属于65科、151属,其中优势科有菊科、豆科、十字花科等,野生商陆、茜草、益母草的蕴藏量较大,野生中药资源中有69种被《中国药典》2020版收录;栽培品种丹参、黄芩、山楂、花椒、金银花、生姜的种植面积较大,其中白花丹参为地理标志性资源。本次资源普查对钢城区的野生药用植物资源种类和分布进行了全面了解,为区域性中药资源的开发利用以及中药产业可持续发展提供了科学依据。

肌萎缩侧索硬化症个案处方用药规律挖掘

目的为中医临床治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网中以中药治疗ALS的个案文献,检索时限为自建库起至2022年11月。采用Excel软件统计复方中组方药物的使用频次(率)、四气(性)、五味、归经、功效,并导入中医传承计算平台(V 3.0)进行数据挖掘。结果共纳入个案文献110篇,涉及中药组方139个、中药218味,累计使用频次1946次。常用药物(使用频率>10%)45味,性味归经分别以温性(47.35%)、甘味(42.45%)、归脾经(20.29%)为主,药物功效以补虚类(41.37%)为主。中药组合98个,涉及中药24味,其中以黄芪、白术、党参组合(33次)最常见,药对以黄芪-山药、黄芪-熟地黄最常见(均使用32次);聚类分析提取核心药物组合5类。结论ALS个案用药处方以补虚类中药为核心,分补气、补血、补阳、补肝肾,配以升阳、温里、行气等药味。处方组合以气血双补、阴阳双补、清热化痰和益气活血为主要功效。

中药物质基础新形式及其药动/药效研究

中药作为中华民族的瑰宝,拥有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。过去几百年,大量结构明确、活性显著、机制清楚的活性化合物被发现,其研究初步明晰了中药的效应物质基础。然而,中药的天然成分具有骨架多样性和结构复杂性,除了单体小分子化合物,近年来越来越多的研究发现中药存在发挥药效的物质基础新形式,如活性单体化合物形成的超分子,以及具有药理活性的生物大分子等。聚焦中药物质基础新形式,通过新技术、新机制、新应用的分析,以期为中药药效物质基础、药动/药效相关性研究提供新思路。

基于双波长差示融合图谱的中药陈皮“质-量”双标质量分析方法研究

目的建立以对照药材为对照物质的定性和不依赖多种对照品定量的陈皮药材“质-量”双标控制方法。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,以对照药材为基准建立陈皮特征图谱,结合双波长差示融合技术,确定15批陈皮药材共有特征峰,根据陈皮对照药材和供试药材特征峰的相似度,明确药材真伪,即“质”。采用质谱技术鉴定特征峰的化学成分,选取“橙皮苷”作为基准物质,进行准确定量分析,并通过基准物质对其余特征峰的化学成分进行相对定量,区分陈皮药材的优劣,即“量”。结果共确定了9个共有特征峰,鉴定出4个化学成分,分别为芸香柚皮苷、橙皮苷、川陈皮素以及橘皮素。10批陈皮与对照药材相似度为0.487~0.556,5批广陈皮药材相似度为0.992~0.996,规定了陈皮及广陈皮药材特征峰化学成分相对含量下限。结论本方法不依赖多种对照品,能精确、高效地判断药材的真伪优劣,可为中药的质量控制提供技术支持。

基于“质-量”双标的连翘质量分析方法研究

目的建立以对照药材为对照物质的定性和不依赖多种对照品定量的连翘药材“质-量”双标控制方法。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法建立连翘对照药材特征图谱,并通过质谱技术鉴定特征峰成分;通过比较对照药材和供试药材特征峰的相似度,明确药材的真伪,即“质”;其余特征峰的化学成分均通过基准物质相对定量,以区别药材的优劣,即“量”。结果建立的连翘药材“质-量”分析方法符合方法学考察要求,每批药材与对照药材相似度均在0.910以上,并规定了连翘药材特征峰化学成分的相对含量下限。结论该方法不依赖于多种对照品,能清晰、快速地判断连翘药材的真伪优劣,弥补了目前连翘药材在质量控制上的不足,完善了中药材质量控制体系,以期推动中医药事业可持续发展。