Research on the Ecological Wisdom of Traditional Dwellings of the Liangshan Yi Nationality Based on Regional Climate

As a typical building with ethnic and regional characteristics in southwest Chi-na, its construction skills contain rich local ecological wisdom. The detailed analysis of the climatic and geomorphological features of the Liangshan Yi nationality area shows that the thermal mass effect is the first choice for the passive adjustment strategy of residential dwellings. This study focuses on the typical representatives of traditional dwellings in Meigu County, analyzing the wisdom of ecological construction to improve the thermal mass effects of res-idential buildings at the macro (village), moderate (courtyard), and micro (building unit) levels. Based on this analysis, the study summarizes the “genetic factor library” of the ecological construction mode of traditional Yi residential dwellings. Finally, the measured data of the residential thermal environment and the simulation data of Ecotect software are used to study and judge the logic behind its ecological construction wisdom. The results show that the tradi-tional dwellings of the Yi nationality in Liangshan have six aspects of local en-vironmental knowledge to improve the thermal mass effects performance of buildings. The winter thermal environment of the house is comfortable, and the heat is sufficient;Rammed earth materials in residential buildings have more potent, powerful, and robust thermal mass effects performance than stone slabs and wooden boards.

Spatial Configuration of Traditional Dwellings in Riyadh Al-Khabra Traditional Town, Saudi Arabia

Traditional buildings, particularly residential dwellings, are spatio-temporal reflections of the society and culture in which they were originally sited. Understanding the nature of this built heritage thus fosters interpretation of previous generations’ experiences in these older settlements, all of which can thus be described as products of several different cultural dimensions. Qassim province, which sits in the central province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is distinguished by having retained various traditional towns and villages, including multiple dwellings representing important eras in the past. However, due to the local population’s abandonment of these traditional towns and movement to new urban areas, and related failures in conservation and restoration, some of these towns have lost many of their unique characteristics, especially with regard to their dwellings. This research thus attempts to interpret the relationships between the spatial configuration of traditional dwellings in Saudi Arabia and their socio-cultural principles and values, focusing on decoding their interior spatial constants and genotypes. The study proposes the use of space syntax theory, represented by the justified plan graph method, as an appropriate socio-spatial methodology for such work, targeting the traditional town of Riyadh Al-Khabra in Qassim province as a case study area, with eight dwellings built between 1900 and 1940 used as examples. Interpretation of analysis results enabled defining spatial constants digitally in these traditional dwellings through the benefit of syntactic analysis techniques, and the main findings of this research reveal the significance of various social and cultural factors and customs among inhabitants with regard to determining the spatial form and properties of traditional dwellings in towns such as Riyadh Al-Khabra.

Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings and Its Compilation

With the evolution of the renewal concept and protection mode of dwellings in ancient city in the new era,the guidelines for the renovation of dwellings compiled in the past have shown obvious limitations of the times.Its compilation form is too simple,and the content is slightly insufficient,and it is difficult to scientifically guide the high-standard renovation of traditional dwellings in the new era.In the compilation of the Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings,the core concept is “continuing the style and texture of the ancient city,inheriting the construction technology of private houses,and integrating innovative renovation techniques”,and an overall framework for integrating the technical guidelines for renovation of traditional dwellings in “new era and new concept” is proposed.The classification guidance standards for different types of traditional dwellings and their surrounding ancillary environment are formulated,and the corresponding renovation plans of traditional dwellings are systematically drawn as supplementary guidance documents for the relevant classification guidance standards.

Urban Spatial Form Optimization Strategies Based on the Principle of Climate Adaptability of Regional Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Cave Dwelling Villages in Northern Shaanxi Province

A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.

Ecological Culture in Traditional Chinese Vernacular Dwellings

Traditional Chinese vernacular dwellings take root in farming culture with profound connotations. Through analyzing ecological thoughts and cultural ideas in traditional vernacular dwellings, this study aims to provide references for the design of modern vernacular dwellings. It is proposed in this study that ① Ecological thoughts of traditional vernacular dwellings include the simple eco-thought of 'human-nature oneness', Fengshui (traditional Chinese ideas hold that the location of a house or tomb is supposed to have an influence on the fortune of a family) theories of 'balance of yin and yang', energy-saving thought of 'making the best use of local advantages'. Traditional vernacular dwellings are mainly constructed according to local conditions, facing the sunny side and water, backing on the shady side and mountains, with local materials and suitable construction structures for local environment and climatic conditions, which enable residents to enjoy warm winter and cool summer, sufficient sunshine, excellent ventilation and heat-proof, wind and humidity proof, that is, a natural ecological living environment. ② Cultural thoughts of traditional vernacular dwellings include the strict and square philosophical ideas as well as harmonious artistic thoughts. Traditional Chinese vernacular dwellings demonstrate morals and ethics by strict and square patterns and strong sense of hierarchy, most of them have definite axes in spatial patterns to show the hierarchy and core of construction groups; abstract patterns of flower, grass, animal or human beings are also often applied in detailed designs, showing esthetic tastes. The formation of traditional Chinese vernacular dwellings has been closely linked with social and cultural factors, living habits, geographical, water and soil, environmental and climatic conditions as well as folk customs, which can provide significant references for the design and reformation of modern new-type vernacular dwellings.

Improvement of thermal performance of envelopes for traditional wooden vernacular dwellings of Tujia Minority in Western Hunan,China

Thermal performance of envelopes and indoor thermal environment were technologically improved for traditional wooden vernacular dwellings of Tujia Minority in Western Hunan, China, on the premise of protecting their conventional styles. Thermal insulation boards and wooden boards were added to the interior side of external walls of vernacular dwellings to form two layers of air cavities, so as to gain excellent thermal performance. The indoor temperature of such dwellings after reconstruction was apparently improved compared with the data before reconstruction both in winter and summer, which verified the feasibility and the effectiveness of the reconstruction technologies proposed.

Study on Features of Traditional Folk Dwellings in Yimeng Mountainous Areas

Traditional folk dwellings in Yimeng mountainous areas in south Shandong were studied,the formation factors and characteristics analyzed according to the existing folk dwellings,then advantages and disadvantages of thatched cottages in the local area expounded,which is signifi cant for the inheritance of traditional folk dwellings in south Shandong and the folk dwelling design in the new countryside.

Scientific Evaluation and Regeneration of Eco-building Experience in Traditional Dwellings

In 1996, Department of Engineering and MaterialSciences,National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC), accepted the suggestion made by some experienced members of CAS and published the key support project Green Architecture System and Dwelling Pattern in application guide for NSFC project. The project research group, led by Prof.

Evolution of Fire-sealing Gable Walls' Diversity in Leizhou Traditional Vernacular Red-brick Dwellings

Peculiar color and form of Leizhou red-brick folk dwelling distinguishes it from other vernacular dwellings in Lingnan region(south of the Five Ridges, referring to the current Guangdong and Guangxi). The fi re-sealing gable wall(hereinafter referred to as fi re-sealing wall) in brilliant colors, diversifi ed forms and exaggerated shapes is a remarkable symbol of local dwellings. Originating from Fulao traditional vernacular dwelling and inheriting its advantages, fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling has shown diversity for the infl uence of immigrants, regional cultures, social background and economic status, and formed its own features in color, form and decoration. On the basis of fi eld investigation, this paper described diversifi ed features of the fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling, analyzed the causes of its diversity from the perspectives of aesthetics, function and technology, and explored the harmonious living philosophy implied by its function, form and art.

A Brief Analysis of the Forms and Features of Traditional Residential Dwellings in Southern Shaanxi in the Shaanxi Section of the“Silk Road”by Land

As one of the major types of traditional architecture in China,traditional residential dwellings have been characterized by a variety of complex forms under the influence of different regional cultures and historical background.This paper takes the opportunity to study the art and culture of traditional dwelling architecture along the Silk Road,focusing on the traditional dwellings in the southern Shaanxi region,the starting point of the Silk Road,through field research and literature research,to further elaborate and prove the regional form of traditional dwellings in the southern Shaanxi region and the causes of the formation of this north-south architectural form.Therefore,the authors summarize and analyze the architectural forms,mapping data and images and demonstrate through detailed examples of remaining dwellings in southern Shaanxi,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the preservation and inheritance of traditional dwellings in southern Shaanxi in the future.

Reflection on Traditional Villages

This paper analyzed the current situation,types,and problems of traditional villages,discussed the conception of the integration of planning design and planning implementation targeting the defects of the planning design of the conservation and development of traditional villages as well as the disconnection between planning and implementation,and expounded the exploration of the economic development and tourism development of traditional villages as well as the reflection on"homestay fever",environmental governance,preservation of traditional dwellings of traditional villages.

“Chineseness”:A Discussion on Cases Related to Tulou in Contemporary Chinese Architecture

The article delves into the concept of“Chineseness”in contemporary Chinese architecture,a strategic tool for creating distinctive styles rooted in Chinese identity.It serves not only to distinguish projects from market-driven trends but also to establish a pivotal position in the global architectural landscape.“Chineseness”among 24 identified keywords represents a practical strategy embraced by many young architects with international exposure.The traditional Chinese dwelling,a symbol of familial and cultural essence,particularly in the context of home culture,is a primary inspiration for contemporary architects.The research adopts a case study approach,focusing on Tulou-related cases from the last fifteen years,encompassing various building types.The Tulou,a mountain-dwelling with rich cultural connotations,is introduced,reflecting ancient Chinese philosophies in its architectural principles.The case studies,including URBANUS’s“Tulou Collective Housing 2008”and Chengdu’s“Tulou Theater,”demonstrate how Tulou prototypes can be creatively adapted.These designs not only replicate forms but also capture the communal spirit inherent in traditional dwellings.“Stepped Courtyards”by OPEN Architecture reinterprets Tulou typology for a staff dormitory,emphasizing community awareness.In conclusion,the concept of“Chineseness”emerges as a prominent topic,showcasing the dynamic and adaptable nature of traditional Chinese culture and modern architectural expressions.The cases illustrate the evolving intersection between traditional Chinese culture and modern architecture,offering insights into the future trajectory of Chinese architectural culture.The interrelated keywords highlight the nuanced and evolving nature of“Chineseness”in architectural practices.

Merging Traditional Dwelling Form into Modern Neighborhood—— A Holiday Villa District's Planning and Design in Shanghai

Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.

Material Analysis of Traditional Folk Dwellings and Its Modern Inheritance:A Case Study of Traditional Folk Dwellings in Hunan Province

Traditional folk dwellings contain rich cultural connotations and plain architectural techniques.In architecture,material is the most fundamental thing,different materials can demonstrate different architectural forms,and reflect local characteristics and change of the time.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the material selection of traditional Chinese folk dwellings.The paper took traditional folk dwellings in Hunan for example to analyze the regional materials and construction of these dwellings,discussed the application of traditional materials in modern architecture,used some cases to explore the innovative application of traditional materials,so as to figure out the new direction of applying traditional materials,and provide references for the construction of modern architecture.

The Research on the Evaluation and Optimization of the Traditional Dwelling Conservation Practice:A Case Study of Cheng Zhi Hall Restoration Project within Hongcun

Hongcun is the World Cultural Heritage which is a Traditional Village in China,and Cheng Zhi Hall is the most important traditional dwelling within Hongcun.In December 2010,Yi County Cultural Relics Bureau commissioned Anhui Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Center to complete the Restoration Plan of Cheng Zhi Hall,Hongcun Village,Yi County,Huangshan City,Anhui Province,and carried out the actual restoration project from 2015 to 2018.However,by the evaluation of the restoration plan and project of Cheng Zhi Hall,many problems are found such as that the description of restoration measures is rough,the restoration drawings are not clearly marked,and the restoration practices are lack of the theoretical support and so on.Therefore,the aim of this research is to sort out the existing problems,and through the comparative study of the relevant Italian cases,putting forward the optimization strategies of the plan and practice of traditional dwelling conservation practice in China.

Analysis of The Shape and Architectural Characteristics of The Song Family Courtyard in Yuzhou,Henan

Due to the special geographical location and environment of Yuzhou and the convenient transportation conditions,the progress of political,economic,and cultural exchanges,has led to a wide variety of residential buildings and even prototypes of residential buildings in various parts of Henan and even in the middle reaches of the Yellow River are not uncommon in Yuzhou.Therefore,Yuzhou folk houses can be called one of the typical representatives of the traditional residential architectural culture in the Central Plains.Taking the Song Family Courtyard in Qianjing Village in Yuzhou Region as the research object,this paper obtains first-hand data and materials from fieldwork method and literature analysis methods.Besides,this paper not only comprehensively analyzes the shape system,architectural characteristics,and decorative art content of residential buildings through data measurement,on-site mapping,etc.,but also sorts out and demonstrates the characteristics of residential buildings under the influence of the traditional religious ritual law system and social hierarchy.This paper provides theoretical support for further improving and enriching the theoretical achievements of traditional residential dwellings in the Yuzhou area and also provides a theoretical basis for the protection,inheritance,and reuse of residential dwellings in the Yuzhou area,aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent research.

An Interdisciplinary Approach to“Roadology”Research:A Case Study of Fukouxing

The formation,development and influence of road are interdisciplinary and complex.As a cultural symbol across time and space,road exists in all aspects of human life."Roadology"builds a road frame research system across disciplines and provides a more inclusive and plastic method for road researchers.This paper discusses and summarizes the research value and characteristics of"roadology"through various interdisciplinary research methods of road.On the basis of the military warfare,economic development and Shanxi immigration history in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the author discusses the influence of Fukouxing on the community culture in an interdisciplinary perspective with the combination of politics,economics,anthropology and architecture.