“客流为王”背景下城市轨道交通客流引流策略研究

随着轨道交通报建政策总体收紧,对建成线路客流评估要求越来越高,然而很多城市轨道交通客流强度不理想,对政府补贴依赖度较高,城市轨道交通客流稳步增长和可持续发展任重道远。文章围绕轨道交通规划、设计、运营等多个角度,综合考虑近期和远期措施,提出城市轨道交通客流提升的6大引流策略,以期促进城市轨道交通客流稳步提升,引导城市轨道交通健康可持续发展。

小波神经网络在短时交通流量预测中的应用

随着交通基础设施建设和智能运输系统的发展,交通规划和交通诱导成为交通领域的研究热点,对交通规划和交通诱导而言,准确的交通流量预测是其实现的前提和关键。短时交通流量预测是一个时间序列预测问题,文中应用小波神经网络对短时交通流量进行了预测。首先,对神经网络、小波分析等相关理论进行了简要介绍。在此基础上,采用5-7-1小波神经网络结构,以Morlet小波基函数作为隐含层节点的传递函数,将车流量数据输入该模型中,以训练小波神经网络,并用训练好的神经网络来预测短时交通流量。从预测结果来看,小波神经网络的预测结果较为准确,网络预测值接近期望值,效果较好。

Improving hospital-based trauma care for road traffic injuries in Malawi

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate from road traffic injuries has increased in sub-Saharan Africa as the number of motor vehicles increase. This study examined the capacity of hospitals along Malawi's main north-south highway to provide emergency trauma care.METHODS: Structured interviews and checklists were used to evaluate the infrastructure, personnel, supplies, and equipment at all four of Malawi's central hospitals, ten district hospitals, and one mission hospital in 2014. Most of these facilities are along the main north-south highway that spans the country.RESULTS: Between July 2013 and March 2014, more than 9 200 road traffic injuries(RTIs) and 100 RTI deaths were recorded by the participating hospitals. All of the hospitals reported staff shortages, especially during nights and weekends. Few clinicians had completed formal training in emergency trauma management, and healthcare workers reported gaps in knowledge and skills, especially at district hospitals. Most central hospitals had access to the critical supplies and medications necessary for trauma care, but district hospitals lacked some of the supplies and equipment needed for diagnosis, treatment, and personal protection.CONCLUSION: The mortality and disability burden from road traffi c injuries in Malawi(and other low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa) can be reduced by ensuring that every central and district hospital has a dedicated trauma unit with qualified staff who have completed primary trauma care courses and have access to the equipment necessary to save lives.

Road traffic accidents in hilly regions of northern India: What has to be done?

BACKGROUND: Road traffi c accidents(RTA) are responsible for 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. RTA will become the 3rd largest contributor to the global burden of diseases after ischemic heart diseases(IHD) and depression. We conducted a retrospective study on RTA in a tertiary center in the hilly district of Uttarakhand in India.METHODS: The number of RTA, pattern of RTA, the number of patients killed and injured, the pattern of injury causing death and disability, the severity of accidents, and the type of disability were noted from December 2009 to November 2011. The accident severity was calculated as the number of patients killed per 100 accidents. The methods for reducing the incidence of RTA were observed, and the role of policy makers was studied.RESULTS: The majority of deaths and disabilities in Uttarakhand were due to road traffic accidents in the hilly districts of the states. The most common cause of RTA was driving fault followed by defective roads.CONCLUSION: Proper designing of roads and minimizing the fault of drivers are essential to prevent road traffi c accidents in hilly regions.

Evaluation of Traffic Network between Tourist Attractions Based on GIS in Tai’an City

Tai’an City is rich in tourism resources,and there are many A-class tourist attractions.Based on the functions and characteristics of geographic information system(GIS),as well as the spatial distribution characteristics and distribution structure of tourist attractions,the research methods of nearest-neighbor distance,connectivity,accessibility and closeness analysis are used to analyze road traffi c distribution between tourist attractions in Tai’an City.①The R value of the nearest-neighbor point is 0.27,which proves that tourist attractions in Tai’an City are in the state of clustering,and the spatial distance of tourist attractions in clustering area is small.②Theβindex andγindex of connectivity are 1.42 and 0.58,respectively,indicating that the traffi c network connectivity between tourist attractions is low,there is no dense traffi c network,and the optimal combination of tourism resources in tourist attractions is not high.③The accessibility index Ai is 37.68 km,indicating that the accessibility is low and the traffi c between tourist attractions is not perfect.The research results will provide the reference for scientifi c,systematic and objective comprehensive evaluation of existing A-class scenic areas and traffi c conditions in Tai’an City.

Influence of Street Traffic Accessibility on Street Vitality:A Case Study of Some Life Service Streets in Nanchang City

As the basic unit of urban system,street is not only an important traffi c link in the city,but also an important carrier refl ecting urban life.As one of the public spaces in the city,streets provide places for various outdoor activities,such as leisure,shopping,social contact and commercial publicity.The number of people and the duration that people stay in the streets for various activities constitute the vitality of streets.The vitality of streets can also be regarded as the vitality of cities to a certain extent.As one of the key infl uencing factors of street vitality,street traffi c accessibility has important research value.Based on the perspective of street traffi c accessibility,the dynamic factors affecting life streets are explored,and the design method of shaping street vitality is discussed through the analysis of practical cases in Nanchang City.

高精度悬挂式单轨交通桥梁支座设计

针对悬挂式单轨交通桥梁的功能要求,提出高精度悬挂式单轨支座的设计方案,通过控制各装配结构之间的间隙和变形满足高精度要求,通过优化转动块结构满足抗拉拔功能,并完成有限元分析、样品试制及系列试验。结果表明支座受力和变形均匀,各项力学性能及功能均满足设计和标准要求且支座具有构造简单、结构紧凑、装配精度高、抗拉拔性能好的优点,可以为相关的悬挂式单轨交通桥梁工程建设提供参考。

西部地区某市幼儿家长儿童汽车安全座椅使用情况及认知现状调查

目的:了解我国西部地区家庭汽车儿童安全座椅的配备和使用情况,以及家长对儿童乘车安全的认知水平,为普及儿童安全座椅使用,降低儿童交通伤害提供参考依据。方法:2021年12月—2022年2月对西部某市4455名0~6岁儿童家长进行问卷调查,了解其对汽车儿童安全座椅的使用和认知情况。结果:4455名调查对象中,为儿童配备安全座椅的家长2261人,占50.8%;安全座椅的使用率为44.4%(1977/4455),但只有19.6%(874/4455)的家庭出行时总是使用安全座椅。χ^(2)检验结果显示,不同父母文化程度、年龄、居住地、家中孩子数量、家庭收入、乘车频率、乘车出行距离的儿童,安全座椅拥有率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为207.487、15.115、5.766、13.033、111.760、335.066和278.038,P值均<0.05)。85.2%的家长错误地认为,汽车安全带能在发生碰撞时有效地保护儿童。未安装儿童家庭安全座椅的主要原因是家长认为儿童乘车机会少(25.7%)。结论:西部某市学龄前儿童家庭安全座椅的拥有率和使用率较低,家长对儿童安全乘车方式、安全座椅及安全带的使用存在认知误区,未成年人交通安全保护亟待引起全社会的重视和参与。

我国中低运量城市轨道交通发展现状分析及可持续发展建议

中低运量城市轨道交通是单向客运能力为0.5~3.0万人次/h城市轨道交通系统的统称,在解决城市交通拥堵、引导城市布局、促进产业发展等方面发挥着重要作用。文章在对中低运量城市轨道交通的概念、各制式主要技术特征进行概述的基础上,从系统制式、应用场景、线路指标、建设成本、建设模式、运营管理6方面分析其发展现状,并据此提出其可持续发展建议,即明确线路功能定位、确保充足客流支撑、构建便捷换乘体系、保障合理出行时间、开展灵活运输组织,以期为我国中低运量城市轨道交通的可持续、健康发展提供参考和借鉴。

道路交通事故车辆安全性能鉴定方法探析及思考

随着我国机动车保有量的激增,道路交通事故数量也在逐年增加,而事故车辆的安全性能鉴定对事故责任的划分及定责有较大的影响。本文首先介绍了道路交通事故车辆安全性能鉴定的流程,并着重探讨鉴定过程中存在的问题,最后提出了具有针对性的建议,以期为我国道路交通事故安全性能鉴定的发展提供借鉴,提高鉴定工作的质量和效率。

互联网:出版融合的基点与方法——本刊编辑部就“市场化期刊转型”专访《三联生活周刊》主编李鸿谷先生

伴随移动互联网传播的迅速兴起并广泛覆盖用户,在中央顶层设计之下,出版业正在经历一场结构性的调整,整体行进在深度融合发展之路上。《三联生活周刊》作为一本在市场化改革时期成长起来的期刊,在转型、融合的过程中,从内容生产到盈利模式全面拥抱互联网,创建自身的互联网产品,并在完成互联网基础设施建设与初步布局后,基于新的传播介质,以创新思维开发新的内容产品,成为市场化期刊深度融合发展的一个样本。《数字出版研究》专访三联生活传媒有限公司总经理、《三联生活周刊》主编李鸿谷先生,探讨市场化期刊在出版深度融合过程中所需要的观念更新与路径选择。

老年人对自动驾驶汽车接受度影响因素分析

为了改善老年人出行,针对中国老年人出行机动性差和可达性低的问题,提出用自动驾驶汽车技术解决,研究了老年人群体对自动驾驶汽车接受度的潜变量因素。采用结构方程模型,对全国的734份有效问卷调查样本分析,构建了三个模型进行了分析和对比。本文揭示了构建的模型的优劣,并分析了影响老年人对自动驾驶汽车接受度的心理潜变量因素,找出了其中的关键影响因素,为自动驾驶汽车在老年人中的普及提供了建议。

基于视频图像鉴定车速中的参照物选定两例

合理地选取或设定参照物是提高基于视频图像鉴定车辆行驶速度效率与精度的关键。本文介绍了两起交通事故车速鉴定的典型案例,鉴定人员基于视频图像选取参照物计算车辆行驶速度,并利用提取的VDR文件、EDR文件数据进行验证,总结出在基于视频图像鉴定车辆行驶速度的实践中,参照物的选定可根据实际情况与条件优先考虑制动前区域、道路参照物、目标车辆通过的整数帧、目标车辆某轮廓的几何中心等方案,希冀为相关案件的鉴定提供参考。

基于PSO-LSTM优化模型的网络流量预测研究

网络流量预测是网络规划、设计和建设的重要依据,对有效满足人民网络需求有着极其重要的意义。本文通过构建基于PSO-LSTM优化预测模型,不仅提高了对网络流量预测的效果,还自动实现了对LSTM神经网络模型参数的优化,大大降低了LSTM神经网络模型优化的工作量。研究结果表明,基于PSO-LSTM优化预测模型能够实现对网络流量的准确预测,相比单纯基于LSTM神经网络模型,预测结果与实际值的均方根误差降低31%。

Intelligent Road Safety System Based on Multi-Function Warning Device

A warming device for car driving is proposed in this paper,which includes support rods and warning plates.In this device,several display screens are insalled on one side of the warning panel.Indicator lights are set on the display screen.A waning board is mounted on the top box.Several radar detectors are mounted on one side of the top box,and the radar detectors orrespond to the display screens.Several waming lights are installed on the top box,and the waning lights orespond to sevenl radar detectors.The sliding side of the support rod cleans the unit.The change of positions of the indicator lights based on the radar detectors will be rellected on the display screens,which allows drivers to understand the situation of the road.Therefore,they can prepare for changing lanes and overtaking,and understand the position and speed of all vehicles in this road section in advance.

基于用户体验和流量抑制的5G网络扩容策略研究

4G时代扩容主要根据基站用户数及无线资源利用率作为承载度量指标进行扩容条件判定。但5G时代,传统的平均无线资源利用率与体验关联性弱,平均无线资源利用率不再完全适合作为承载度量指标。因此,本文以5G基站业务承载满足度和流量压抑门限研究成果为基础,拟合了一种5G扩容新标准。该标准综合考虑了实际业务体验、基站用户数和流量压抑情况,以业务承载满足度及流量压抑作为5G扩容承载度量指标,制定扩容门限。旨在切实保障用户的上网体验,为后续研究提供参考。

浅析美妆产品私域精准营销及其实现路径——以“完美日记”为例

随着互联网和大数据的发展,企业管理与发展已经进入营销4.0阶段,与目前的市场营销模式已经发生了转变,转变成为以消费者为中心的私域营销方式,更加注重倾听消费者的真实声音来完成品牌升级与改造。完美日记是私域流量运营的领头羊,短短几年时间,通过私域营销方式的不断升级改造和运用,频繁抢占天猫彩妆第一名的榜单,针对完美日记的运营方法进行研究分析与经验总结,希望能为更多不同企业提供全新的营销和运营思路。

企业面向钓鱼邮件攻击的安全防御体系研究

近年来企业收到的钓鱼邮件数量逐年攀升,钓鱼邮件攻击也成为攻击者突破企业网络安全防御体系最简单且最直接有效的攻击方式,给很多企业造成了巨大的甚至不可挽回的损失。传统孤岛式的技术防护手段无法形成有效防护,本文介绍了钓鱼邮件攻击的现状和主要技术防护手段,针对钓鱼邮件实施机制提出从网络安全防护手段建设和网络安全应急响应处置等方面建立立体化防御体系,能够在日常网络安全防护及实战攻防演练对抗中发挥重要作用。

城市道路交通拥堵特性及治理对策分析

总结了交通拥堵的基本类型及常规处置办法,并从人、车、路、交通环境四个方面分析了交通拥堵的影响因素;分析了道路交通拥堵状况的判定标准及判定算法步骤,基于已有成果,总结了交通拥堵治理对策及建议。

石家庄市电动自行车上牌后交通运行分析

分析石家庄市对电动车自行车进行系列整治对交通运行的影响,有助于政策的实施和评估。本文首先通过问卷调查确定了电动自行车转换为公交出行的比例,然后依托石家庄市交通运行平台,通过调整交通出行方式的比例,分析了政策的实施效果。分析结果表明该项政策虽然不能从根本上解决城市交通拥堵的情况,但是可以在一定程度上缓解情况。