For reducing traffic jams without widening streets,we come up with a tenement rearrangement problem.In this paper,we study a tenement allocation model which includes two types of tenants,i.e.,typical tenants and speci...For reducing traffic jams without widening streets,we come up with a tenement rearrangement problem.In this paper,we study a tenement allocation model which includes two types of tenants,i.e.,typical tenants and special tenants who owned houses by themselves.The optimal allocation is that total transportation cost is minimized without undermining tenants’individual housing preference or increasing individual cost.Besides,we present a Modified Hungarian Algorithm for the above tenement allocation problem and prove that it can be solved in polynomial time.Furthermore,computational tests show that this algorithm has a good performance.展开更多
目的分析2015年青海省道路交通伤害死亡的流行特征和疾病负担,为制定道路交通伤害预防控制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法对青海省2015年死因回顾性调查中道路交通伤害死亡数据进行分析,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、平均潜在寿命损失年(aver...目的分析2015年青海省道路交通伤害死亡的流行特征和疾病负担,为制定道路交通伤害预防控制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法对青海省2015年死因回顾性调查中道路交通伤害死亡数据进行分析,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、平均潜在寿命损失年(average potential years of life ost,APYLL)、潜在寿命损失年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)及潜在寿命损失率(potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR)等指标。结果2015年青海省居民道路交通伤害死亡率为22.41/10万、标化死亡率为24.20/10万;男性(32.38/10万)高于女性(11.77/10万);死亡率随着年龄的增加而升高,少年儿童组、青年龄组、中年组和老年组死亡率分别为10.05/10万、20.81/10万、4.36/10万和37.62/10万。因道路交通事故导致的PYLL、APYLL分别为19918人年和35.63人年,PYLLR为7.99%。APYLL男性略低于女性,城市明显低于农村和牧区。结论道路交通伤害是导致青海省居民“早死”和寿命损失的重要疾病负担,其所导致的社会和经济损失应引起相关部门的重视,应根据地区、性别及年龄的实际情况采取针对性的预防控制措施。展开更多
Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. Th...Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.展开更多
目的分析1990―2019年中国人群道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries,RTIs)的疾病负担及变化趋势,为中国RTIs防控提出参考依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)数据库,选取中国1990―2019年RTIs的...目的分析1990―2019年中国人群道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries,RTIs)的疾病负担及变化趋势,为中国RTIs防控提出参考依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)数据库,选取中国1990―2019年RTIs的死亡数、死亡率、伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALYs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lost due to disability,YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)、DALYs率、YLDs率、YLLs率等指标,利用Joinpoint模型分析1990―2019年中国人群RTIs的疾病负担及变化趋势。结果1990―2019年中国人群RTIs的死亡率(AAPC=-0.47%,P<0.001)、DALYs率(AAPC=-0.87%,P<0.001)、YLL率(AAPC=-1.47%,P<0.001)呈先升后降的趋势,YLDs率(AAPC=2.85%,P<0.001)则逐年增加。2019年中国人群RTIs死亡数为25.00万人,因RTIs造成的YLL占DALY的81.64%;男性的死亡数(率)、YLL数(率)为女性的3倍,YLD数、YLDs率亦高于女性。中国RTIs的死亡率、DALYs率以及YLLs率在0~14岁儿童均有所减轻。老年群体中死亡率、YLLs率在<65岁人群中呈下降趋势,DALYs率以60岁为界,在老年人口中呈上升趋势,YLDs率在各年龄段呈上升趋势。结论1990―2019年中国人群RTIs疾病负担总体呈下降趋势,但仍然面临着总体疾病负担较高、老年群体疾病负担加重、男性疾病负担远高于女性等问题,需进一步加强对RTIs的防治措施。展开更多
目的探讨2000-2009年广西三城市（南宁、桂林、柳州）道路交通伤害（road traffic injuries,RTI）造成的经济负担,为制定预防和控制RTI,降低RTI经济负担提供参考依据。方法南宁、柳州、桂林2000-2009年的RTI资料从广西公安厅交警总队获...目的探讨2000-2009年广西三城市（南宁、桂林、柳州）道路交通伤害（road traffic injuries,RTI）造成的经济负担,为制定预防和控制RTI,降低RTI经济负担提供参考依据。方法南宁、柳州、桂林2000-2009年的RTI资料从广西公安厅交警总队获得,计算RTI死亡造成的潜在寿命损失年（years of potential life lost,YPLL）、潜在工作损失年（working years of potential life lost,WYPLL）及校正潜在价值损失年（correct valued years of potential life lost,CVYPLL）,直接经济损失和间接经济损失等指标并评价其经济负担。结果广西三城市2000-2009年发生RTI共14 793起,造成3 759人死亡,12 510人受伤,直接经济损失高达约3 818.18万元,总的经济损失约4.95亿元;RTI早亡导致的间接经济损失大约是直接经济损失的9-16倍。2000-2009年广西三城市RTI的伤亡及RTI死亡所致的YPLL、WYPLL和CVYPLL损失以男性为主,以21-50岁青壮年最严重,其中21-30岁年龄段人群的损失所占比重最大。结论广西三城市的RTI给伤亡人员及其家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担,交通管理部门应及时采取有效的防控措施以降低RTI的发生,从而减轻RTI的经济负担。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61221063)a Special Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015T81040).
文摘For reducing traffic jams without widening streets,we come up with a tenement rearrangement problem.In this paper,we study a tenement allocation model which includes two types of tenants,i.e.,typical tenants and special tenants who owned houses by themselves.The optimal allocation is that total transportation cost is minimized without undermining tenants’individual housing preference or increasing individual cost.Besides,we present a Modified Hungarian Algorithm for the above tenement allocation problem and prove that it can be solved in polynomial time.Furthermore,computational tests show that this algorithm has a good performance.
文摘目的分析2015年青海省道路交通伤害死亡的流行特征和疾病负担,为制定道路交通伤害预防控制策略和措施提供参考依据。方法对青海省2015年死因回顾性调查中道路交通伤害死亡数据进行分析,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、平均潜在寿命损失年(average potential years of life ost,APYLL)、潜在寿命损失年(potential years of life lost,PYLL)及潜在寿命损失率(potential years of life lost rate,PYLLR)等指标。结果2015年青海省居民道路交通伤害死亡率为22.41/10万、标化死亡率为24.20/10万;男性(32.38/10万)高于女性(11.77/10万);死亡率随着年龄的增加而升高,少年儿童组、青年龄组、中年组和老年组死亡率分别为10.05/10万、20.81/10万、4.36/10万和37.62/10万。因道路交通事故导致的PYLL、APYLL分别为19918人年和35.63人年,PYLLR为7.99%。APYLL男性略低于女性,城市明显低于农村和牧区。结论道路交通伤害是导致青海省居民“早死”和寿命损失的重要疾病负担,其所导致的社会和经济损失应引起相关部门的重视,应根据地区、性别及年龄的实际情况采取针对性的预防控制措施。
文摘Purpose： Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians＇ fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost （YLL） approach. Methods： The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians＇ fatalities were analyzed by SPSS. Results： Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians {p 〈 0.001 ）. In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals （p 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fats was also excep- tionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.
文摘目的分析1990―2019年中国人群道路交通伤害(road traffic injuries,RTIs)的疾病负担及变化趋势,为中国RTIs防控提出参考依据。方法利用2019年全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease 2019,GBD 2019)数据库,选取中国1990―2019年RTIs的死亡数、死亡率、伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALYs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lost due to disability,YLDs)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)、DALYs率、YLDs率、YLLs率等指标,利用Joinpoint模型分析1990―2019年中国人群RTIs的疾病负担及变化趋势。结果1990―2019年中国人群RTIs的死亡率(AAPC=-0.47%,P<0.001)、DALYs率(AAPC=-0.87%,P<0.001)、YLL率(AAPC=-1.47%,P<0.001)呈先升后降的趋势,YLDs率(AAPC=2.85%,P<0.001)则逐年增加。2019年中国人群RTIs死亡数为25.00万人,因RTIs造成的YLL占DALY的81.64%;男性的死亡数(率)、YLL数(率)为女性的3倍,YLD数、YLDs率亦高于女性。中国RTIs的死亡率、DALYs率以及YLLs率在0~14岁儿童均有所减轻。老年群体中死亡率、YLLs率在<65岁人群中呈下降趋势,DALYs率以60岁为界,在老年人口中呈上升趋势,YLDs率在各年龄段呈上升趋势。结论1990―2019年中国人群RTIs疾病负担总体呈下降趋势,但仍然面临着总体疾病负担较高、老年群体疾病负担加重、男性疾病负担远高于女性等问题,需进一步加强对RTIs的防治措施。
文摘目的探讨2000-2009年广西三城市（南宁、桂林、柳州）道路交通伤害（road traffic injuries,RTI）造成的经济负担,为制定预防和控制RTI,降低RTI经济负担提供参考依据。方法南宁、柳州、桂林2000-2009年的RTI资料从广西公安厅交警总队获得,计算RTI死亡造成的潜在寿命损失年（years of potential life lost,YPLL）、潜在工作损失年（working years of potential life lost,WYPLL）及校正潜在价值损失年（correct valued years of potential life lost,CVYPLL）,直接经济损失和间接经济损失等指标并评价其经济负担。结果广西三城市2000-2009年发生RTI共14 793起,造成3 759人死亡,12 510人受伤,直接经济损失高达约3 818.18万元,总的经济损失约4.95亿元;RTI早亡导致的间接经济损失大约是直接经济损失的9-16倍。2000-2009年广西三城市RTI的伤亡及RTI死亡所致的YPLL、WYPLL和CVYPLL损失以男性为主,以21-50岁青壮年最严重,其中21-30岁年龄段人群的损失所占比重最大。结论广西三城市的RTI给伤亡人员及其家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担,交通管理部门应及时采取有效的防控措施以降低RTI的发生,从而减轻RTI的经济负担。
