The boundary-layer method is used to study a wide moving jam to a class of higher-order viscous models. The equations for characteristic parameters are derived to determine the asymptotic solution. The sufficient and ...The boundary-layer method is used to study a wide moving jam to a class of higher-order viscous models. The equations for characteristic parameters are derived to determine the asymptotic solution. The sufficient and essential conditions for the wide moving jam formation are discussed in detail, respectively, and then used to prove or disprove the existence of the wide moving jam solutions to many well-known higher-order models. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the analytical results.展开更多
This paper uses the Taylor expansion to seek an approximate Korteweg- de Vries equation (KdV) solution to a higher-order traffic flow model with sufficiently large diffusion. It demonstrates the validity of the appr...This paper uses the Taylor expansion to seek an approximate Korteweg- de Vries equation (KdV) solution to a higher-order traffic flow model with sufficiently large diffusion. It demonstrates the validity of the approximate KdV solution considering all the related parameters to ensure the physical boundedness and the stability of the solution. Moreover, when the viscosity coefficient depends on the density and velocity of the flow, the wave speed of the KdV solution is naturally related to either the first or the second characteristic field. The finite element method is extended to solve the model and examine the stability and accuracy of the approximate KdV solution.展开更多
A lattice Boltzmann model with 5-bit lattice for traffic flows is proposed. Using the Chapman-Enskog expansion and multi-scale technique, we obtain the higher-order moments of equilibrium distribution function. A simp...A lattice Boltzmann model with 5-bit lattice for traffic flows is proposed. Using the Chapman-Enskog expansion and multi-scale technique, we obtain the higher-order moments of equilibrium distribution function. A simple traffic light problem is simulated by using the present lattice Boltzmann model, and the result agrees well with analytical solution.展开更多
A traveling wave solution to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model that includes the relaxation and diffusion terms is investigated. The model can be approximated by the well-known Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. A nume...A traveling wave solution to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model that includes the relaxation and diffusion terms is investigated. The model can be approximated by the well-known Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. A numerical simulation is conducted by the first-order accurate Lax-Friedrichs scheme, which is known for its ability to capture the entropy solution to hyperbolic conservation laws. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to simulate a lengthy propagation, where the profile of the derived KdV solution is taken as the initial condition to observe the change of the profile. The simulation shows good agreement between the approximated KdV solution and the numerical solution.展开更多
The article intends to find a method to quantify traffic congestion's impacts on travelers to help transportation planners and policy decision makers well understand congestion situations. Three new congestion indica...The article intends to find a method to quantify traffic congestion's impacts on travelers to help transportation planners and policy decision makers well understand congestion situations. Three new congestion indicators, including transportation environment satisfaction (TES), travel time satisfaction (TTS), and traffic congestion frequency and feeling (TCFF), are defined to estimate urban traffic congestion based on travelers' feelings. Data of travelers' attitude about congestion and trip information were collected from a survey in Shanghai, China. Based on the survey data, we estimated the value of the three indi- cators. Then, the principal components analysis was used to derive a small number of linear combinations of a set of variables to estimate the whole congestion status. A linear regression model was used to find out the significant variables which impact respondents' feelings. Two ordered logit models were used to select significant variables of TES and TTS. Attitudinal factor variables were also used in these models. The results show that attitudinal factor variables and cluster category variables are as important as sociodemographic variables in the models. Using the three congestion indicators, the government can collect travelers' feeling about traffic congestion and estimate the transportation policy that might be applied to cope with traffic congestion.展开更多
During the past two decades, several methodologies are endorsed to assess the compatibility of roadways for bicycle use under homogeneous traffic conditions. However, these methodologies cannot be adopted under hetero...During the past two decades, several methodologies are endorsed to assess the compatibility of roadways for bicycle use under homogeneous traffic conditions. However, these methodologies cannot be adopted under heterogeneous traffic where on-street bicyclists encounter a complex interaction with various types of vehicles and show divergent operational characteristics. Thus, the present study proposes an initial model suitable for urban road segments in mid-sized cities under such complex situations. For analysis purpose, various operational and physical factors along with user perception data sets (13,624 effective ratings in total) were collected from 74 road segments. Eight important road attributes affecting the bicycle service quality were identified using the most recent and most promising machine learning technique namely, random forest. The identified variables are namely, effective width of outside through lane, pavement condition index, traffic volume, traffic speed, roadside commercial activities, interruptions by unauthorized stoppages of intermittent public transits, vehicular ingress-egress to on-street parking area, and frequency of driveways carrying a high volume of traffic. Service prediction models were developed using ordered probit and ordered logit modeling structures which meet a confidence level of 95%. Prediction performances of developed models were assessed in terms of several statistical parameters and the ordered probit model outperformed the ordered logit model. Incorporating outputs of the probit model, a pre- dictive equation is presented that can identify under what level a segment is offering services for bicycle use. The service levels offered by roadways were classified into six categories varying from 'excellent' to 'worst' (A-F).展开更多
研究老年人的活动空间有助于更好理解老年人的出行行为,对于提高城市交通系统对社会老龄化的适应性,促进交通公平具有重要意义.采用2016年中国昆明市的居民出行调查数据和建成环境数据,对老年人活动空间的测度和影响因素进行研究.借助...研究老年人的活动空间有助于更好理解老年人的出行行为,对于提高城市交通系统对社会老龄化的适应性,促进交通公平具有重要意义.采用2016年中国昆明市的居民出行调查数据和建成环境数据,对老年人活动空间的测度和影响因素进行研究.借助地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)可视化与分析工具,利用标准置信椭圆法对老年人活动空间进行测度,并对其分布特征和群体性差异进行统计分析,基于序次logit模型探究老年人活动空间的影响因素.结果表明,超过一半的老年人活动空间分布在以住址为中心的5 km2范围内,并表现出显著的群体性差异.公园密度、交叉口密度、道路网密度、商场密度、到公交站最近距离、年龄、性别、家庭结构及家庭年收入对老年人的活动空间均有显著影响.展开更多
为探究城市信号交叉口影响人车冲突严重程度的关键因素,提升交叉口安全管理水平,本文选取典型的城市道路信号交叉口,采用无人机航拍获取交通流视频,基于人工观测和Tracker软件解析处理得到冲突点信息参数与位置分布特征。为量化冲突程度...为探究城市信号交叉口影响人车冲突严重程度的关键因素,提升交叉口安全管理水平,本文选取典型的城市道路信号交叉口,采用无人机航拍获取交通流视频,基于人工观测和Tracker软件解析处理得到冲突点信息参数与位置分布特征。为量化冲突程度,采用后侵入时间、冲突区域车速、潜在碰撞距离作为人车冲突严重程度评价指标,利用K-means聚类算法将过街冲突按严重程度迭代分类,确定人、车、路三方面下的21个解释变量。通过Pearson相关性分析筛选,建立多元有序Logistic模型,并通过ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线验证得到模型对冲突严重级别的估计分类概率结果AUC(Area Under Curve)为0.971。结果表明:行人与冲突点的距离(0.364)、车辆在冲突点前的趋向(停车让行为-4.22,减速让行为-0.937)、行人是否闯红灯行为(0.818)、机动车道数量(0.29)、行人等待红灯时间长短(0.012)、行人年龄段(-0.869)、行人着装颜色(0.673)是影响人车冲突严重程度的显著因素。本文研究结果能够为行人过街安全的交通策略制定提供一定参考价值。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11602128)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2016J01679)
文摘The boundary-layer method is used to study a wide moving jam to a class of higher-order viscous models. The equations for characteristic parameters are derived to determine the asymptotic solution. The sufficient and essential conditions for the wide moving jam formation are discussed in detail, respectively, and then used to prove or disprove the existence of the wide moving jam solutions to many well-known higher-order models. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the analytical results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11072141 and11272199)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB725404)+2 种基金the Shanghai Program for Innovative Research Team in Universitiesthe Research Grants Council of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region,China(No.HKU7184/10E)the National Research Foundationof Korea(MEST)(No.NRF-2010-0029446)
文摘This paper uses the Taylor expansion to seek an approximate Korteweg- de Vries equation (KdV) solution to a higher-order traffic flow model with sufficiently large diffusion. It demonstrates the validity of the approximate KdV solution considering all the related parameters to ensure the physical boundedness and the stability of the solution. Moreover, when the viscosity coefficient depends on the density and velocity of the flow, the wave speed of the KdV solution is naturally related to either the first or the second characteristic field. The finite element method is extended to solve the model and examine the stability and accuracy of the approximate KdV solution.
文摘A lattice Boltzmann model with 5-bit lattice for traffic flows is proposed. Using the Chapman-Enskog expansion and multi-scale technique, we obtain the higher-order moments of equilibrium distribution function. A simple traffic light problem is simulated by using the present lattice Boltzmann model, and the result agrees well with analytical solution.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11072141 and 11272199)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2012CB725404)+1 种基金the University Research Committee, HKU SPACE Research FundFaculty of Engineering Top-up Grant of the University of Hong Kong (No. 201007176059)
文摘A traveling wave solution to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model that includes the relaxation and diffusion terms is investigated. The model can be approximated by the well-known Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. A numerical simulation is conducted by the first-order accurate Lax-Friedrichs scheme, which is known for its ability to capture the entropy solution to hyperbolic conservation laws. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to simulate a lengthy propagation, where the profile of the derived KdV solution is taken as the initial condition to observe the change of the profile. The simulation shows good agreement between the approximated KdV solution and the numerical solution.
基金supported by the Key Natural Science Foundation of China:Urban Transportation Planning Theory and Methods under the Information Environment, Grant No. 50738004/E0807
文摘The article intends to find a method to quantify traffic congestion's impacts on travelers to help transportation planners and policy decision makers well understand congestion situations. Three new congestion indicators, including transportation environment satisfaction (TES), travel time satisfaction (TTS), and traffic congestion frequency and feeling (TCFF), are defined to estimate urban traffic congestion based on travelers' feelings. Data of travelers' attitude about congestion and trip information were collected from a survey in Shanghai, China. Based on the survey data, we estimated the value of the three indi- cators. Then, the principal components analysis was used to derive a small number of linear combinations of a set of variables to estimate the whole congestion status. A linear regression model was used to find out the significant variables which impact respondents' feelings. Two ordered logit models were used to select significant variables of TES and TTS. Attitudinal factor variables were also used in these models. The results show that attitudinal factor variables and cluster category variables are as important as sociodemographic variables in the models. Using the three congestion indicators, the government can collect travelers' feeling about traffic congestion and estimate the transportation policy that might be applied to cope with traffic congestion.
文摘During the past two decades, several methodologies are endorsed to assess the compatibility of roadways for bicycle use under homogeneous traffic conditions. However, these methodologies cannot be adopted under heterogeneous traffic where on-street bicyclists encounter a complex interaction with various types of vehicles and show divergent operational characteristics. Thus, the present study proposes an initial model suitable for urban road segments in mid-sized cities under such complex situations. For analysis purpose, various operational and physical factors along with user perception data sets (13,624 effective ratings in total) were collected from 74 road segments. Eight important road attributes affecting the bicycle service quality were identified using the most recent and most promising machine learning technique namely, random forest. The identified variables are namely, effective width of outside through lane, pavement condition index, traffic volume, traffic speed, roadside commercial activities, interruptions by unauthorized stoppages of intermittent public transits, vehicular ingress-egress to on-street parking area, and frequency of driveways carrying a high volume of traffic. Service prediction models were developed using ordered probit and ordered logit modeling structures which meet a confidence level of 95%. Prediction performances of developed models were assessed in terms of several statistical parameters and the ordered probit model outperformed the ordered logit model. Incorporating outputs of the probit model, a pre- dictive equation is presented that can identify under what level a segment is offering services for bicycle use. The service levels offered by roadways were classified into six categories varying from 'excellent' to 'worst' (A-F).
文摘研究老年人的活动空间有助于更好理解老年人的出行行为,对于提高城市交通系统对社会老龄化的适应性,促进交通公平具有重要意义.采用2016年中国昆明市的居民出行调查数据和建成环境数据,对老年人活动空间的测度和影响因素进行研究.借助地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)可视化与分析工具,利用标准置信椭圆法对老年人活动空间进行测度,并对其分布特征和群体性差异进行统计分析,基于序次logit模型探究老年人活动空间的影响因素.结果表明,超过一半的老年人活动空间分布在以住址为中心的5 km2范围内,并表现出显著的群体性差异.公园密度、交叉口密度、道路网密度、商场密度、到公交站最近距离、年龄、性别、家庭结构及家庭年收入对老年人的活动空间均有显著影响.
文摘为探究城市信号交叉口影响人车冲突严重程度的关键因素,提升交叉口安全管理水平,本文选取典型的城市道路信号交叉口,采用无人机航拍获取交通流视频,基于人工观测和Tracker软件解析处理得到冲突点信息参数与位置分布特征。为量化冲突程度,采用后侵入时间、冲突区域车速、潜在碰撞距离作为人车冲突严重程度评价指标,利用K-means聚类算法将过街冲突按严重程度迭代分类,确定人、车、路三方面下的21个解释变量。通过Pearson相关性分析筛选,建立多元有序Logistic模型,并通过ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)曲线验证得到模型对冲突严重级别的估计分类概率结果AUC(Area Under Curve)为0.971。结果表明:行人与冲突点的距离(0.364)、车辆在冲突点前的趋向(停车让行为-4.22,减速让行为-0.937)、行人是否闯红灯行为(0.818)、机动车道数量(0.29)、行人等待红灯时间长短(0.012)、行人年龄段(-0.869)、行人着装颜色(0.673)是影响人车冲突严重程度的显著因素。本文研究结果能够为行人过街安全的交通策略制定提供一定参考价值。