Evaluation of Recreation Service Quality of Slow Traffic Space in Urban Parks Based on IPA-Space Syntax Model

To build an“ecological and livable city”,it is important to figure out the relationship between human activity and urban park space and create a high-quality urban park through the integration of“people”and“park”.Taking Longhu Park in Huainan Province as an example,the study quantitatively analyzed and evaluated the characteristics and service quality of slow traffic space using importance-performance analysis(IPA)and space syntax,clarified the key indexes and areas to be optimized,and put forward corresponding design countermeasures and suggestions in combination with human activity demand.The results suggest that:①The mean performance of park recreation service quality is 3.63,less than the mean importance(3.95).Tourists pay special attention to the safety and convenience of slow traffic space,and the diversity and identiability of site functions is the focus“to be improved”.②The accessibility of Longhu Park shows a strong irregular shape in the southwest.The dead-end roads in the far lake area and the flora and fauna area on the northwest side have weak spatial perception,and the composite function carrying potential of slow traffic space is better reflected in a small range.Therefore,an optimization strategy for slow traffic space is proposed to enhance the continuity of road network,site identifiability,and functional diversification.The results will provide new thoughts of governance based on spatial humanism for the high-quality renewal of urban parks in the new era.

Research on Campus Traffic Space Based on Space Syntax Theory:A Case Study of the Main Campus of North China University of Technology

As urban construction enters the era of stock development,the overall spatial environment of the main campus of North China University of Technology also needs to be updated.In this paper,the traffic network in the campus is extracted to draw the axis map,and the space syntax theory of Depth Map software is used to quantitatively analyze the integration and intelligence degree of the main campus of North China University of Technology.It is found that the overall spatial integration and intelligence degree of the campus are high,but the local space shows poor accessibility and insufficient space carrying capacity.Specific spatial optimization measures are proposed for the corresponding problems.The study compares and analyzes the experience information obtained from actual research with the quantitative index data,integrates the respective advantages of qualitative and quantitative analysis,and hopes to provide a certain theoretical basis for the construction of related campus space.

Current Situation,Problems and Countermeasures of Traffic Space in the Reconstruction of Old Community under the Background of Urban Renewal:A Case Study of Dashiyuan North District of Nanchang

Under the background of more than half of China’s urbanization process,the transformation and renewal of old community has become a hot spot in China’s urbanization process.Meanwhile,the traffic space of urban residential area plays a very important role in the daily life and social communication of residential residents.The current situation and traffic problems existing in old residential areas have always been the hot spot of industry and society,and the residential residents are also very concerned.Dashiyuan North District of Donghu District of Nanchang City is taken as the research object.Through field investigation,under the situation of analyzing its current traffic problems,it formulates countermeasures and carries out targeted transformation,to provide reference for renovation of old community in terms of traffic space.

Quality Improvement of Slow Traffic Space in Shijingshan District under the Background of Winter Olympics: A Case Study of Lugu Street of Shijingshan District

In the context of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the quality improvement of slow traffic space in Shijingshan District faces many challenges. Through the exploration of “slow traffic space” and its design concept and strategy theory, the problem of slow traffic space is sorted out from the aspects of policy background, spatial form and cultural construction, with Lugu Street as an example. Based on the unique cultural resources in the district, the optimization strategies are proposed from the aspects of spatial form improvement, unsupervised technology utilization, enhancement of residents’ willingness to slowly traffic and Winter Olympics culture shaping. In addition, a slow traffic space improvement scheme with easy implementation, convenient access and rich connotation is formed, in order to provide new methods and ideas for improving the quality of slow traffic space.

Prediction of elevator traffic flow based on SVM and phase space reconstruction

To make elevator group control system better follow the change of elevator traffic flow (ETF) in order to adjust the control strategy,the prediction method of support vector machine (SVM) in combination with phase space reconstruction has been proposed for ETF.Firstly,the phase space reconstruction for elevator traffic flow time series (ETFTS) is processed.Secondly,the small data set method is applied to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent to judge the chaotic property of ETF.Then prediction model of ETFTS based on SVM is founded.Finally,the method is applied to predict the time series for the incoming and outgoing passenger flow respectively using ETF data collected in some building.Meanwhile,it is compared with RBF neural network model.Simulation results show that the trend of factual traffic flow is better followed by predictive traffic flow.SVM algorithm has much better prediction performance.The fitting and prediction of ETF with better effect are realized.

基于CiteSpace的国内外站域交通空间的适老性研究

随着全球老龄化进程的进一步加快,中国作为世界上老龄人口最多的国家之一,城市化和老龄化的共同加剧,使得老年人出行需求成为社会关注的重点。尽管由老龄化带来的各种社会问题已经引起全社会的关注并且出台了许多适老化政策,但是由于中国老年人口基数大增长快,新政策、新理念的贯彻落实不到位,老年人在交通空间的出行方面仍存在困难,尤其是当下站域交通空间的适老性应对仍较为欠缺。文章以乐龄友好出行为切入点,通过对2007—2022年国内外站域交通空间适老性研究成果的梳理,发现:①国外对于站域交通空间适老性研究起步早且趋于成熟,国内方面起步晚于国外,在政府及社会的多方面支持下适老性研究虽呈现爆发式增长,但针对交通适老的研究处于发展前期未形成发散的研究网络;②国内站域交通空间适老性研究还停留在无障碍设计及通用设计宏观方面,且研究主题分布较为集中缺乏对老年人心理需求的研究,而国外在该领域的研究呈现交叉互动,方向也更加微观、多元。

Fuzzy Logic Inference Applications in Road Traffic and Parking Space Management

In modern motoring, many factors are considered to realize driving convenience and achieving safety at a reasonable cost. A drive towards effective management of traffic and parking space allocation in urban centres using intelligent software applications is currently being developed and deployed as GPS enabled service to consumers in automobiles or smartphone applications for convenience, safety and economic benefits. Building a fuzzy logic inference for such applications may have numerous approaches such as algorithms in Pascal or C-languages and of course using an effective fuzzy logic toolbox. Referring to a case report based on IrisNet project analysis, in this paper Matlab fuzzy logic toolbox is used in developing an inference for managing traffic flow and parking allocation with generalized feature that is open for modification. Being that modifications can be done within any or all among the tool’s universe of discourse, increment in the number of membership functions and changing input and output variables etc, the work here is limited within changes at input and output variables and bases of universe of discourse. The process implications is shown as plotted by the toolbox in surface and rule views, implying that the inference is flexibly open for modifications to suit area of application within reasonable time frame no matter how complex. The travel time to the parking space being an output variable in the current inference is recommended to be substituted with distance to parking space as the former is believed to affect driving habits among motorist, whom may require the inference to as well cover other important locations such as nearest or cheapest gas station, hotels, hospitals etc.

高容积率小学建筑交通空间寻路认知研究

高容积率校园作为目前城市发展中重要的小学校园形式,用以缓解当下义务教育阶段学位的供需矛盾,从而进一步推动教育公平的实现。超高的建筑容积率作为这种校园类型的主要特征,会对学龄儿童的行为举止、心理情绪等造成巨大影响。选取红岭实验小学和坪山实验学校作为校园案例,并建构适合于学龄儿童的三维虚拟模型,通过寻路实验的方式获取儿童的寻路行为和空间认知的特征,总结提炼出影响儿童认知的交通空间要素,以期为同类高容积率小学交通空间的优化提供理论支持与参考。

融入智能网联汽车的混行交通流混沌特性

为了研究混行交通流混沌特性、辨析影响混行车队混沌程度的因素,在传统交通流理论基础上,利用Cao方法和改进的Cao方法确定混行交通流延迟时间和嵌入维数,对混行交通流序列进行相空间重构并通过计算最大Lyapunov指数判定其混沌特性.对混行交通流中智能网联汽车(intelligent connected vehicle,ICV)协同自适应巡航(cooperative adaptive cruise control,CACC)车辆比例及延迟时间关键参数进行影响分析.结果表明:在跟驰过程中车头间距序列的最大Lyapunov指数小于0时,混行交通流存在混沌;CACC车辆比例增加能够减弱混沌的时间区域,比如当CACC车辆比例达到0.6时,跟驰系统趋于稳定;CACC车辆的延迟时间对混沌的影响显著,保持低通信延迟才能发挥CACC车辆的作用,从而有效抑制混沌.

注意力引导的多尺度红外行人车辆实时检测

红外成像技术通过捕捉目标热辐射特征进行成像,能实现复杂道路场景下的目标监测和道路冗杂信息滤除。针对红外行人和车辆目标检测模型参数量大、依赖高性能GPU资源和检测速度慢等问题,提出了一种注意力引导的多尺度红外行人车辆实时检测模型。首先,为精确匹配校准红外行人和车辆目标尺度与锚框尺寸,利用K-Means++算法对红外行人和车辆目标尺度进行先验框预置参数重聚类生成,并设计128×128精细尺度检测层;其次,设计注意力引导广域特征提取模块增强模型特征提取能力和空间及通道信息聚焦能力;随后,构建跨空间感知模块引入空间信息感知,强化不同尺度空间下的目标的特征表达能力;最后,针对资源受限设备,通过4倍通道剪枝方法降低模型参数量,增强移动端算法部署适应性。实验结果表明:所提IRDet算法与基准方法相比,模型平均检测精度提升4.3%,达到87.4%,模型权重值压缩60.4%,降至5.7 MB。

考虑通行方向利用率的交叉口感应式控制

为缓解城市出行延误中交叉口延误占比较大的问题,提高交叉口的通行效率,以标准的四相位交叉口为研究对象,提出了基于交叉口实时路况信息的感应式通行方向利用率信号控制方法。根据车辆空间占用率、交叉口通行效率、车头间距阈值于Python中建立了交叉口相位决策优化模型。以长沙市某交通需求变化大的交叉口为例,通过Vissim 8.0建模,将感应式控制方法与传统的基于车流量的Webster控制方法在多种交通需求下进行仿真对比。结果表明:交叉口平均车辆延误在平峰、PHF15、拥堵交通需求下降低了3.21%、13.1%、4.17%;交叉口的车均延误降低率随着交通需求的增大呈先增后降的趋势。研究成果证实了感应式控制能适应较为广泛的交通环境,能有效降低交叉口车辆延误。

城市轨道交通系统的层次化功能结构解析——以上海为例

解析城市轨道交通系统的功能结构对于建立以轨道交通为骨架的城市空间结构至关重要,其有助于优化城市空间布局,促进交通与土地利用融合,进而推动城市可持续发展。本文利用交通刷卡大数据,基于轨道交通站域的功能相似性和邻接关系提出了功能站组的概念,并形成了一套“站域功能分类—站组范围划定—站群结构识别”的方法体系。以上海市轨道交通系统为例,针对单个站域,构建表征站域土地利用功能的连续客流时间序列,并依据时间序列特征分类得到站域功能类型;将多个具有相似的出行模式和土地利用功能的相邻站域划定为功能站组;以功能站组为基本单元,采用社区发现算法,对功能站组间的客流交互网络进行分析以识别站群。研究结果表明,城市轨道交通系统的“站域—站组—站群”层次化功能结构解析方法综合了场所空间和流空间视角,有助于认识特大城市轨道交通系统的功能结构特征,并为轨道交通系统的发展提供多层次的空间优化建议。

大型医院交通集散空间布局规划及优化研究

近年来医院发展朝着大型化和综合化形式迈进,同时也带来了一系列交通问题。本文就医院外部集散空间布局形式进行研究并改进,以缓解大型医院外部的交通拥堵混乱问题。通过分析大型医院外部空间的使用需求,重新界定了医院交通集散空间的范围与功能;结合其空间流线需求与建筑广场、城市道路设计理论,分析了医院集散空间的交通特征与规划要点;最后提出了各功能区布局原则,并从医院内外临时停车、交通设施布置、道路功能划分等方面阐明了医院交通集散空间的规划方法。针对不同形式医院的布局,分别设置了复合立体型、平面广场型和用地紧缺性三种形式,为城市规划设计者提供参考。

低轨大型星座下空间交通管理的安全挑战与应对

低轨大型星座的快速发展使外层空间安全环境发生了显著变化。在军民融合加深、大国竞争加剧、外空武器化战场化趋势的背景下,愈发繁忙拥挤的外空环境不仅给外空活动的业务安全保障造成严峻挑战,还带来了战略误判和冲突升级等国家空间安全层面的挑战。构建一套能够覆盖两个安全层面的国际空间交通管理机制具有现实必要性和紧迫性。当前的空间交通管理概念对国家空间安全要素考量不足,有必要结合国际外空治理在空间物体登记、外空活动透明度、空间监测与跟踪能力提升以及空间碎片治理等方面的现实需求,明确完善空间物体登记机制、保障空间业务安全和协调国家空间安全这三大空间交通管理任务。面对空间交通管理亟须应对的空间安全问题,国际社会应着力完善星座登记、促进星座信息共享与提升活动透明度,从而构建一体两面的安全机制,保障外空活动和空间环境的长期可持续发展。

交通规划导向的科技赋能交通小区划分方法

文章以手机信令、路网大数据为基础,提出了针对交通规划的科技赋能交通小区划分方法,以路网数据划分聚类单元,利用手机信令数据准确识别聚类单元内居民出行时空分布特征,基于改进耦合空间聚类算法进行聚类,借助现状路网对聚类结果进行修正得到交通小区划分结果。宁波市实例研究表明,科技赋能交通小区划分方法能兼顾居民出行时空特征和城市路网匹配,并能较好保证交通小区的整体连续性,该方法适用性强,可为交通规划的科学制定提供借鉴。

大客流场景下列车时刻表与列车容量分配协同优化研究

为缓解城市轨道交通通勤线路中大客流车站及其下游车站的站台拥挤,降低候车乘客的聚集程度和安全风险,本文从时间和空间角度系统优化城市轨道交通列车容量资源配置。通过考虑时变客流需求和预留车厢策略,提出城轨列车时刻表与列车容量分配协同优化方法。具体地,通过引入列车发车时间、预留车厢数量和客流分配方案相关决策变量,以最小化预留车厢运营成本和站台乘客最大聚集数量为目标,建立列车时刻表与列车容量分配协同优化线性整数规划模型。其中,采用大M方法构建的客流分配约束能够满足乘客在时间和空间上的先到先服务原则。为验证所构建模型的有效性,设置4组数值算例进行对比实验,并采用优化求解器Gurobi求解。结果表明,相较于计划列车时刻表方案和两种单一优化策略方案,协同优化方案能够显著降低最大乘客聚集数量分别约为60%、52%和31%,降低乘客总等待时间分别约为29%、17%和29%。即协同优化方法能够均衡城轨列车容量的时空分布,从而有效降低站台候车乘客的聚集风险。

高速公路小净距互通立交车辆纵向运行特性

为明确车辆在高速公路小净距互通立交的纵向运行特性,在G50沪渝高速公路重庆段的白杨沟立交和跑马坪立交,开展了38位被试的实车驾驶试验。利用车载仪器采集了自然驾驶状态下的车辆运行速度以及纵向加速度等参数,计算了速度极差、带宽以及聚集系数,分析了驾驶行为的约束性以及速度变化特征。提取了纵向加速度连续变化曲线的峰值,研究了纵向加速度的累积频率、概率分布特性以及特征百分位值。结果表明:在小净距区段,合流区与分流区相互重叠,车辆交织行为增多,车辆间干涉严重,速度极差较大,离散性较高;断面速度总体呈现偏态分布,小净距区段断面速度区间大于其它断面。纵向加速概率分布曲线总体呈现偏态分布,加速度负值分布区间大于正值分布区间;小净距区段交通环境相对更复杂,驾驶人操作更加谨慎,与常规净距立交相比,小净距立交纵向加速度平均值低0.28 m/s^(2)。汇入过程中,驾驶人对加速度的选择存在一定差异,偏向于较大的加速度正值(0.542 m/s^(2))与较低的加速度负值(-0.081 m/s^(2))。然而,驶出过程中,驾驶人对加速度的选择具有一定趋同性,加速度正值(0.300 m/s^(2))与负值(-0.350 m/s^(2))差异性小;男性驾驶人纵向操作频率高于女性,幅度低于女性,不同驾驶风格驾驶人纵向加速度变化趋势具有一定的趋同性。

非机动车道混合流通行能力计算及特性分析

针对非机动车交错行驶、蛇形运动特点,为更合理计算非机动车道混合流通行能力,提出了一种基于时空消耗的非机动车道混合流通行能力计算方法。通过武汉市7条非机动车道的饱和时段交通流观测数据,采用本文方法计算该7条非机动车道的混合流通行能力;利用数据拟合与方差分析得到不同隔离方式及宽度下非机动车车速及电动自行车比例对单一非机动车平均时空消耗的影响,进而分析非机动车道的混合流通行能力特性。实例研究结果表明:纯电动自行车比纯人力自行车的单一非机动车平均时空消耗约降低2.15 (m2·s)/辆,电动自行车的运行效率高于人力自行车,对通行能力具有提升作用。基于时空消耗的混合非机动车道通行能力计算分析,能克服忽略非机动车行驶特性及多因素简化降低非机动车道混合流通行能力计算精度的弊端,计算原理清晰,便于路上试验开展。

城市商业综合体非机动车交通空间优化

国家“双碳”目标要求加强以生活圈为单元的短距离低碳出行引导。城市商业综合体是5~15 min城市生活圈短距离出行的热点区域,文章意在为优化受到电动自行车、电动摩托车(简称电动车)保有量快速增长冲击的综合体非机动车交通空间组织提供系统性方案。通过现场观测记录和访谈,分析居民电动车、自行车出行目的和需求,揭示其出行的时空特征,剖析非机动车交通空间组织中存在的困境和挑战,提出运用统筹协作理念,探索规模配置—规划布局—组织管理等的非机动车交通组织系统优化策略。文章将有效解决长期被忽视的非机动车交通空间组织痛点和难点,为城市其他类型公共空间非机动车交通空间组织提供借鉴。

轨道交通与地下空间一体化接驳防洪涝措施探讨

为规避轨道交通与地下空间一体化接驳时的洪涝风险,论文以成都某一体化接驳项目的防洪涝工程为案例,对现有国家标准规范对防洪涝的要求做了梳理,对轨道交通与周边地下空间一体化的接驳场景进行了分析,提出了一体化接驳项目中防洪涝的技术路线和工程措施。