Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulat...Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulation, the negative index relationships between carrying capacity and serving time, and the index relationships between the queuing delay and flow are gained under the condition of different serving time and different vehicle type composition. When the flow density is low, the vehicle type composing has less influence on system serving level. Contrarily, also. Disposing toll station by roadway where flow density is high, we can save transection areas of toll station, reduce system queuing delay time, and enhance carrying capacity of toll station.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the design of expressway toll station problem based on neural network and traffic flow. Firstly, the design of the toll plaza is mainly through analyzing the daily traffic flow, different ...This paper is concerned with the design of expressway toll station problem based on neural network and traffic flow. Firstly, the design of the toll plaza is mainly through analyzing the daily traffic flow, different charging mode of construction cost and waiting time of the United States. Secondly, exploring traffic conditions is divided into two kinds, based on the traffic flow speed-density flow model. Then, a fuzzy-BP neural network model is constructed, with capacity, cost, and safety factor as the input layers and performance as the output layer. It is concluded that this scheme will reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, so it is desirable. Considering that the increase in unmanned vehicles will lead to an increase in safety performance, we increase the number of electronic toll stations to improve security performance and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.展开更多
In this article, we consider the multiclass network equilibrium problems. A so called strongly valid toll can support any multiclass user equilibrium flow pattern as a system minimum when the system objective function...In this article, we consider the multiclass network equilibrium problems. A so called strongly valid toll can support any multiclass user equilibrium flow pattern as a system minimum when the system objective function is measured by total emission. Using Hoffman lemma and exact penalization method, we provide the existence of strongly valid tolls for multiclass network equilibrium problems.展开更多
Based on two main hypotheses of traffic economical equilibrium and the relationship between traffic density and the demand, an evolution equation of traffic cost was proposed to describe the change of cost under decre...Based on two main hypotheses of traffic economical equilibrium and the relationship between traffic density and the demand, an evolution equation of traffic cost was proposed to describe the change of cost under decreasing toll. Economical explanation of the model and a numerical case were given to demonstrate the constraint between the marginal traffic demand and the flow velocity. Key words traffic demand and cost - traffic flow - evolution equation - decreasing toll MSC2000 90B20 - 91B24展开更多
With the increasing trend of development and industrialization in Malaysia, air pollution has become an inevitable part of the process, resulting from increased vehicular activities and industrial processes. Toll oper...With the increasing trend of development and industrialization in Malaysia, air pollution has become an inevitable part of the process, resulting from increased vehicular activities and industrial processes. Toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of air pollutants from working in proximity to traffic pollution sources, thereby increasing their risk of health defects associated with air pollution exposure. This study assessed the levels of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) toll operators are exposed to, considering the influences traffic density and meteorological factors. This is intended to serve as an indicator of the cumulative pollution emanating from the combustion process of vehicles at toll plazas. Using Passive diffusion samplers saturated with Triethanolamine (TEA), the weekly indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations at tollbooth were measured at Sungai Besi (SB), Kajang (KJ) and Putra-Makhota (PM) toll Plazas, to capture the varying traffic densities of 138,000, 65,000 and 24,100 vehicles/day respectively. The results showed that NO2 concentrations increase with traffic densities, and indoor NO2 concentrations correlated highly with outdoor NO2 concentrations (R2: SB = 0.767, KJ = 0.689 and PM = 0.877). The indoor/outdoor NO2 ratio varied from 0.7 to 1.2 for all toll booths, suggesting pollution control in-efficiency, caused by technical and behavioural factors. Also, meteorological factors had no significant effect on nitrogen dioxide concentrations, contrary to previous studies, which is likely due to the far distance between tool plazas and meteorological stations. Furthermore, the NO2 concentrations reported in this study were higher in comparison to weekly standards adopted in Germany (0.032 ppm) and previous literature. Therefore, toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of pollution, and we advise that toll operators to wear pollution protection gears to reduce the risk of exposure, and the ventilation systems and mitigation measure (air curtain) reviewed to assess its efficiency.展开更多
文摘Parking-toll on main-line is one of toll models on high-level ways in our country at present. This paper analyzes the flow's distributing function, queuing model, and vehicle passing time. Through computer simulation, the negative index relationships between carrying capacity and serving time, and the index relationships between the queuing delay and flow are gained under the condition of different serving time and different vehicle type composition. When the flow density is low, the vehicle type composing has less influence on system serving level. Contrarily, also. Disposing toll station by roadway where flow density is high, we can save transection areas of toll station, reduce system queuing delay time, and enhance carrying capacity of toll station.
文摘This paper is concerned with the design of expressway toll station problem based on neural network and traffic flow. Firstly, the design of the toll plaza is mainly through analyzing the daily traffic flow, different charging mode of construction cost and waiting time of the United States. Secondly, exploring traffic conditions is divided into two kinds, based on the traffic flow speed-density flow model. Then, a fuzzy-BP neural network model is constructed, with capacity, cost, and safety factor as the input layers and performance as the output layer. It is concluded that this scheme will reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, so it is desirable. Considering that the increase in unmanned vehicles will lead to an increase in safety performance, we increase the number of electronic toll stations to improve security performance and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC:71071035
文摘In this article, we consider the multiclass network equilibrium problems. A so called strongly valid toll can support any multiclass user equilibrium flow pattern as a system minimum when the system objective function is measured by total emission. Using Hoffman lemma and exact penalization method, we provide the existence of strongly valid tolls for multiclass network equilibrium problems.
文摘Based on two main hypotheses of traffic economical equilibrium and the relationship between traffic density and the demand, an evolution equation of traffic cost was proposed to describe the change of cost under decreasing toll. Economical explanation of the model and a numerical case were given to demonstrate the constraint between the marginal traffic demand and the flow velocity. Key words traffic demand and cost - traffic flow - evolution equation - decreasing toll MSC2000 90B20 - 91B24
文摘With the increasing trend of development and industrialization in Malaysia, air pollution has become an inevitable part of the process, resulting from increased vehicular activities and industrial processes. Toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of air pollutants from working in proximity to traffic pollution sources, thereby increasing their risk of health defects associated with air pollution exposure. This study assessed the levels of Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) toll operators are exposed to, considering the influences traffic density and meteorological factors. This is intended to serve as an indicator of the cumulative pollution emanating from the combustion process of vehicles at toll plazas. Using Passive diffusion samplers saturated with Triethanolamine (TEA), the weekly indoor and outdoor NO2 concentrations at tollbooth were measured at Sungai Besi (SB), Kajang (KJ) and Putra-Makhota (PM) toll Plazas, to capture the varying traffic densities of 138,000, 65,000 and 24,100 vehicles/day respectively. The results showed that NO2 concentrations increase with traffic densities, and indoor NO2 concentrations correlated highly with outdoor NO2 concentrations (R2: SB = 0.767, KJ = 0.689 and PM = 0.877). The indoor/outdoor NO2 ratio varied from 0.7 to 1.2 for all toll booths, suggesting pollution control in-efficiency, caused by technical and behavioural factors. Also, meteorological factors had no significant effect on nitrogen dioxide concentrations, contrary to previous studies, which is likely due to the far distance between tool plazas and meteorological stations. Furthermore, the NO2 concentrations reported in this study were higher in comparison to weekly standards adopted in Germany (0.032 ppm) and previous literature. Therefore, toll operators are potentially exposed to high levels of pollution, and we advise that toll operators to wear pollution protection gears to reduce the risk of exposure, and the ventilation systems and mitigation measure (air curtain) reviewed to assess its efficiency.
