As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferentia...As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferential pillars was analyzed using a 1:1 scale model and a test rig in a wind tunnel.In particular,three upstream velocities were selected on the basis of earlier investigations of trains operating at 160,250,and 400 km/h,respectively.Moreover,3D steady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field were conducted to compare with the wind tunnel test outcomes.The results for a 3-car train at 180 km/h demonstrated:(1)good agreement between the air resistance torques obtained from the wind tunnel tests and the related numerical results,with differences ranging from 0.95%to 5.88%;(2)discrepancies ranging from 3.2 to 3.8 N·m;(3)cooling ribs contributing more than 60%of the air resistance torque;(4)the fast rotation of brake discs causing a significantly different flow field near the bogie area,resulting in 25 times more air pumping power loss than that obtained in the stationary brake-disc case.展开更多
Braking system performance is relevant for both railway safety and network optimization. Most trains employ air brake systems;air brake systems of freight trains mostly cannot achieve a synchronous application of brak...Braking system performance is relevant for both railway safety and network optimization. Most trains employ air brake systems;air brake systems of freight trains mostly cannot achieve a synchronous application of brake forces, which is usually customary for passenger trains. The paper generalizes a previous air brake pneumatic model to passenger trains and describes the needed modifications. Among them, the way the pressure reduces in the brake pipe is generalized. Moreover, this paper reports an analytical bi-dimensional function for calculating the nozzle diameter equivalent to the electro-pneumatic(EP) or the electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)brake valve as a function of the wagon length and the time to vent the brake pipe locally. The numerical results of the new model are compared against several experimental tests of high-speed passenger trains of Trenitalia, namely ETR500 and ETR1000. The model is suitable to be integrated into the UIC software TrainDy, aiming to extend its computational field to passenger trains and to simulate the safety of trains during a recovery.展开更多
The aerodynamic braking is a clean and non-adhesion braking, and can be used to provide extra braking force during high-speed emergency braking. The research of aerodynamic braking has attracted more and more attentio...The aerodynamic braking is a clean and non-adhesion braking, and can be used to provide extra braking force during high-speed emergency braking. The research of aerodynamic braking has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. However, most researchers in this field focus on aerodynamic effects and seldom on issues of position control of the aerodynamic braking board. The purpose of this paper is to explore position control optimization of the braking board in an aerodynamic braking prototype. The mathematical models of the hydraulic drive unit in the aerodynamic braking system are analyzed in detail, and the simulation models are established. Three control functions--constant, linear, and quadratic--are explored. Two kinds of criteria, including the position steady-state error and the acceleration of the piston rod, are used to evaluate system performance. Simulation results show that the position steady state-error is reduced from around 12-2 mm by applying a linear instead of a constant function, while the acceleration is reduced from 25,71-3.70 m/s2 with a quadratic control function. Use of the quadratic control function is shown to improve system performance. Experimental results obtained by measuring the position response of the piston rod on a test-bench also suggest a reduced position error and smooth movement of the piston rod. This implies that the acceleration is smaller when using the quadratic function, thus verifying the effectiveness of control schemes to improve to system performance. This paper proposes an effective and easily implemented control scheme that improves the position response of hydraulic cylinders during position control.展开更多
在铁路运输趋于高速和重载的背景下,重载列车传统空气制动系统仅能适用于单元式重载列车,并且后期维护相对不便,且在制动时会带来过大的车钩纵向力,影响行车安全,因此具有高带宽、低延迟、维护便捷等优点的无线制动系统应运而生。为了...在铁路运输趋于高速和重载的背景下,重载列车传统空气制动系统仅能适用于单元式重载列车,并且后期维护相对不便,且在制动时会带来过大的车钩纵向力,影响行车安全,因此具有高带宽、低延迟、维护便捷等优点的无线制动系统应运而生。为了解决上述问题,立足于制动系统制动信号的无线传输,基于嵌入式技术设计了一套制动信号无线传输通讯系统。硬件方面,以STC8H8K64U作为主控芯片完成通讯系统的原理图设计,主要包括电源模块、CAN(Controller Area Network,控制器局域网)网络模块、GPRS(General Packet Radio Service,通用分组无线服务技术)模块、无线网络LoRa(Long Range Radio,远距离无线电)模块等,并且对硬件进行抗干扰处理。软件方面,完成STC8的外设驱动程序设计、LoRa无线网络模块的程序设计以及装置与系统之间通讯协议的自定义。基于以上设计,完成通讯系统的调试与测试工作,对无线网络模块LoRa的通讯距离进行测试,通过建立动力学模型和线路试验来对比使用传统空气制动方案制动与使用制动信号无线传输通讯系统制动方案下的制动波速以及车钩纵向力。测试和试验结果表明:系统各模块功能正常,能有效完成与车辆控制装置和远程控制平台之间的数据交互;有行人、树木、建筑等遮挡物时,无线网络模块LoRa的通讯距离为400 m;使用制动信号无线传输通讯系统在列车制动时可有效提升制动波速,减小车钩纵向力。研究结果可为重载列车的制动系统设计提供参考。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0710901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002395)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ30643).
文摘As the velocity of a train increases,the corresponding air pumping power consumption of the brake discs increases proportionally.In the present experimental study,a standard axle-mounted brake disc with circumferential pillars was analyzed using a 1:1 scale model and a test rig in a wind tunnel.In particular,three upstream velocities were selected on the basis of earlier investigations of trains operating at 160,250,and 400 km/h,respectively.Moreover,3D steady computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field were conducted to compare with the wind tunnel test outcomes.The results for a 3-car train at 180 km/h demonstrated:(1)good agreement between the air resistance torques obtained from the wind tunnel tests and the related numerical results,with differences ranging from 0.95%to 5.88%;(2)discrepancies ranging from 3.2 to 3.8 N·m;(3)cooling ribs contributing more than 60%of the air resistance torque;(4)the fast rotation of brake discs causing a significantly different flow field near the bogie area,resulting in 25 times more air pumping power loss than that obtained in the stationary brake-disc case.
文摘Braking system performance is relevant for both railway safety and network optimization. Most trains employ air brake systems;air brake systems of freight trains mostly cannot achieve a synchronous application of brake forces, which is usually customary for passenger trains. The paper generalizes a previous air brake pneumatic model to passenger trains and describes the needed modifications. Among them, the way the pressure reduces in the brake pipe is generalized. Moreover, this paper reports an analytical bi-dimensional function for calculating the nozzle diameter equivalent to the electro-pneumatic(EP) or the electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP)brake valve as a function of the wagon length and the time to vent the brake pipe locally. The numerical results of the new model are compared against several experimental tests of high-speed passenger trains of Trenitalia, namely ETR500 and ETR1000. The model is suitable to be integrated into the UIC software TrainDy, aiming to extend its computational field to passenger trains and to simulate the safety of trains during a recovery.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61004077)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.2860219022)Foundation of Traction Power State Key Laboratory of Southwest Jiaotong University,China(Grant No.TPL1308)
文摘The aerodynamic braking is a clean and non-adhesion braking, and can be used to provide extra braking force during high-speed emergency braking. The research of aerodynamic braking has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. However, most researchers in this field focus on aerodynamic effects and seldom on issues of position control of the aerodynamic braking board. The purpose of this paper is to explore position control optimization of the braking board in an aerodynamic braking prototype. The mathematical models of the hydraulic drive unit in the aerodynamic braking system are analyzed in detail, and the simulation models are established. Three control functions--constant, linear, and quadratic--are explored. Two kinds of criteria, including the position steady-state error and the acceleration of the piston rod, are used to evaluate system performance. Simulation results show that the position steady state-error is reduced from around 12-2 mm by applying a linear instead of a constant function, while the acceleration is reduced from 25,71-3.70 m/s2 with a quadratic control function. Use of the quadratic control function is shown to improve system performance. Experimental results obtained by measuring the position response of the piston rod on a test-bench also suggest a reduced position error and smooth movement of the piston rod. This implies that the acceleration is smaller when using the quadratic function, thus verifying the effectiveness of control schemes to improve to system performance. This paper proposes an effective and easily implemented control scheme that improves the position response of hydraulic cylinders during position control.
文摘在铁路运输趋于高速和重载的背景下,重载列车传统空气制动系统仅能适用于单元式重载列车,并且后期维护相对不便,且在制动时会带来过大的车钩纵向力,影响行车安全,因此具有高带宽、低延迟、维护便捷等优点的无线制动系统应运而生。为了解决上述问题,立足于制动系统制动信号的无线传输,基于嵌入式技术设计了一套制动信号无线传输通讯系统。硬件方面,以STC8H8K64U作为主控芯片完成通讯系统的原理图设计,主要包括电源模块、CAN(Controller Area Network,控制器局域网)网络模块、GPRS(General Packet Radio Service,通用分组无线服务技术)模块、无线网络LoRa(Long Range Radio,远距离无线电)模块等,并且对硬件进行抗干扰处理。软件方面,完成STC8的外设驱动程序设计、LoRa无线网络模块的程序设计以及装置与系统之间通讯协议的自定义。基于以上设计,完成通讯系统的调试与测试工作,对无线网络模块LoRa的通讯距离进行测试,通过建立动力学模型和线路试验来对比使用传统空气制动方案制动与使用制动信号无线传输通讯系统制动方案下的制动波速以及车钩纵向力。测试和试验结果表明:系统各模块功能正常,能有效完成与车辆控制装置和远程控制平台之间的数据交互;有行人、树木、建筑等遮挡物时,无线网络模块LoRa的通讯距离为400 m;使用制动信号无线传输通讯系统在列车制动时可有效提升制动波速,减小车钩纵向力。研究结果可为重载列车的制动系统设计提供参考。
