教育家精神引领下乡村定向师范生的培育困境与举措

习近平总书记致信全国优秀教师代表,凝练提出中国特有的教育家精神,充分肯定教师为基础教育发展作出的卓越贡献,赋予新时代教师崇高使命,为新时代乡村定向师范生的培养指明前进方向,提供根本遵循。审视乡村定向师范生的培养过程,存在着职业信念不坚定、培养理念向城化、培养环境离土化等现实困境。地方应用型高校应积极实施宣传动员、转变培养理念、优化专业课程设置、构筑优良培育环境与厚植乡土情怀等培育举措。

乡村振兴背景下地方高校定向师范生协同培养机制研究

定向师范生培养既有助于促进乡村教师的专业发展,又有助于提升农村基础教育质量,还能推动乡村现代化的发展进程。在乡村振兴背景下,地方高校是定向师范生培养的主力军。然而,招生政策宣传力度不足、培养主体之间缺乏有效协同、育人模式相对单一等诸多现实问题,直接影响着定向师范生培养的实施和成效。基于此,定向师范生的各方培养主体应协同发力,建立健全选拔机制,完善定向师范生招生制度;侧重实践性训练,严抓定向师范生的培养质量;建构协同保障机制,打造定向师范生教育平台;优化职前培训制度,确保定向师范生顺利入职。

Avian magnetic compass:Its functional properties and physical basis

The avian magnetic compass was analyzed in bird species of three different orders - Passeriforms, Columbiforms and Galliforms - and in three different behavioral contexts, namely migratory orientation, homing and directional conditioning. The respective findings indicate similar functional properties： it is an inclination compass that works only within a functional window around the ambient magnetic field intensity; it tends to be lateralized in favor of the fight eye, and it is wavelength-dependent, requiring light from the short-wavelength range of the spectrum. The underlying physical mechanisms have been identified as radical pair processes, spin-chemical reactions in specialized photopigments. The iron-based receptors in the upper beak do not seem to be involved. The existence of the same type of magnetic compass in only very distantly related bird species suggests that it may have been present already in the common ancestors of all modem birds, where it evolved as an all-purpose compass mechanism for orientation within the home range [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 265-276, 2010].

五年制定向培养师范生入学期的心理问题及应对

湖南省教育厅自2006年开始实施农村小学教师定向培养专项计划,招收农村优秀初中毕业生进行定向培养。这批学生在入学期间普遍存在脆弱、自卑、焦虑等心理问题,直接影响其心理健康和有序的学习生活。通过营造积极向上温暖和谐的班级环境、加强感恩父母发现自我的励志教育、进行职业定位发展规划的详尽指导等途径,可以有效改善学生的上述心理状况。