The project delves into the preliminary findings of a survey of both trainers and students on the practice of using student peer feedback in interpreting practice.It first explains the theoretical foundation which jus...The project delves into the preliminary findings of a survey of both trainers and students on the practice of using student peer feedback in interpreting practice.It first explains the theoretical foundation which justifies the use of peer feedback in interpreting practice,the research methodology and data collection.Then it brings forth specific findings concerning the implementation of peer feedback in the interpreting class followed by discussions of the role and features of student peer feedback as a means to help students ready for the booth.Analysis of the results shows that peer feedback in interpreting practice keeps students on-task,attentive and help them spot their own problems.Trainers and students themselves point to similar features of student peer feedback as focusing on comprehension of the original,word choice and numbers.The preliminary findings of the survey demonstrate the roles and features of student peer feedback in interpreting practice and point to the possible way of enhancing student’s learning curve through more effective peer feedback.展开更多
Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. An operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effecti...Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. An operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effectiveness of trainer aircraft. Approaches to the engineering estimation of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft with a double delta wing configuration were studied, and the procedures for determining aircraft performance indices formulated. Taking training effectiveness as the objective function and geometric parameters of the wing platform as design variables, through a numerical multivariate optimization arithmetic, the conceptual design optimization for a certain fighter trainer aircraft with double delta wing configuration was carried out under the constraints of tactical and technical requirements and interrelated geometry. Agreement of a calculation example with engineering practice indicates that the optimal design has higher training effectiveness than the baseline design, and in addition, improves the structural force bearing conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia is widely taught using task trainer models. Commercially available models are often used; however, they can be cost prohibitive. Therefore, alternative "homemade&...BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia is widely taught using task trainer models. Commercially available models are often used; however, they can be cost prohibitive. Therefore, alternative "homemade" models with similar fidelity are often used. We hypothesize that professional task trainers will be preferred over homemade models. The purpose of this study is to determine realism, durability and cleanliness of three different task trainers for ultrasound guided nerve blocks.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of medical student participants in an ultrasound guided nerve block training session on January 24 th, 2015. Participants were asked to perform simulated nerve blocks on three different task trainers including, 1 commercial and 2 homemade. A questionnaire was then given to all participants to rate their experiences both with and without the knowledge on the cost of the simulator device.RESULTS: Data was collected from 25 participants. The Blue Phantom model was found to have the highest fidelity. Initially, 10(40%) of the participants preferred the Blue Phantom model, while 10(40%) preferred the homemade gelatin model and 5(20%) preferred the homemade tofu model. After cost awareness, the majority, 18(72%) preferred the gelatin model.CONCLUSION: The Blue Phantom model was thought to have the highest fidelity, but after cost consideration the homemade gelatin model was preferred.展开更多
This paper describes the implementation of a PIC microcontroller in a conventional laboratory-type electronic trainer. The work comprises software for the PIC and hardware for the software. The PIC controller uses an ...This paper describes the implementation of a PIC microcontroller in a conventional laboratory-type electronic trainer. The work comprises software for the PIC and hardware for the software. The PIC controller uses an EasyPIC6 board and includes a PC-interfaced programmer for the PIC chip. It has many external modules: 128 × 64 graphic LCD display, 2 × 16 LCD display, 4 × 4 keypad, and port expander, all in the same bench. The trainer is capable of 36 experiments in logic/analogue electronic and control systems. A 5-sided approximate sensor, two photoelectric sensors (BR56-DDT-P and BEN9M-TFR), four CMOS, four BCD-7-segment driven by CD4511B, two relays (2-pole and 3-pole), six voltages, ammeter measurement, DC motor, and 24VDC power supply, connect through connectors and pinions. Results of all the experiments show the trainer satisfying requirements of undergraduate and postgraduate projects involving conventional electronic and classical control systems.展开更多
Modern nursery methods of seedling production in different sized root trainers, were compared by raising seedlings of Pinus wallichiana involving costs incurred and benefits received. In order to provide a common basi...Modern nursery methods of seedling production in different sized root trainers, were compared by raising seedlings of Pinus wallichiana involving costs incurred and benefits received. In order to provide a common basis for the comparisons, the study involved the raising of 1000 seedlings annually on a continuous basis for seven years. A relative economic analysis of raising P. wallichiana seedlings in 300, 150 and 100 cm^3 root trainers was carried out and we estimated that the root trainers of 300 cm^3 capacity recorded the highest total input cost of Rs. 35571 and Rs. 40018 for 1000 seedlings produced annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 root trainers recorded the lowest total input cost of Rs. 23390 and Rs. 27737 per 1000 seedlings annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Hence, returns per rupee invested in raising seedlings in the 100 cm^3 root trainers accounted for the maximum benefit-cost ratio （i.e., 1.56 and 1.61） at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Thus seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 and 150 cm^3 root trainers were found to be most cost effective when compared with seedlings grown in 300 cm^3 root trainers. The results can be attributed to the larger number of cells per tray （higher growth density） in the 100 and 150 cm^3 root trainers, compared to the number of seedlings in the 300 cm^3 root trainers.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors in...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors influenced their decision to use the stepwise progression.Methods: A total of 166 ATs(response rate = 16.6%) completed a 21-item questionnaire that evaluated participant demographics, methods of concussion management, and RTP decision-making using the stepwise progression. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were completed to analyze data.Results: Factors such as education level(p = 0.05) and number of concussions treated(p = 0.05) predicted use of the stepwise progression,whereas sex(p = 0.17), employment setting(p = 0.17), state law(p = 0.86), and years practicing(p = 0.17) did not predict whether ATs were following the stepwise progression.Conclusion: The majority of the ATs from this study are employing the stepwise progression to safely return athletes to play after sustaining a concussion. This demonstrates that ATs are providing a standard of care for concussed athletes across various athletic training settings; however,having a graduate degree and treating more concussions per year are predictors of whether an AT follows all steps of the stepwise progression.展开更多
The multiple tasks involved in real-time driving are challenging tasks for any new learner of driving. The proposed Low Cost Driving Trainer Assistance System (DTAS) helps the amateur drivers to learn the basic skills...The multiple tasks involved in real-time driving are challenging tasks for any new learner of driving. The proposed Low Cost Driving Trainer Assistance System (DTAS) helps the amateur drivers to learn the basic skills involved while driving a vehicle, in particular a 4 wheeler like a car. The proposed system not only helps the novice drivers to gain confidence but also saves money spent on fuels while learning. The proposed DTAS system uses a steering wheel, an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, gear mechanism and virtual (simulated) road environment. We also monitor and record the vital system parameters during the training period and analyze the same. The proposed DTAS involves operations like taking a turn, braking, accelerating, using dashboard functions and changing gears.展开更多
The development of skills and abilities in laparoscopy is directly related to the use of trainers. The trainer should model the patient with all its natural complexities as closely as possible. In this article we prop...The development of skills and abilities in laparoscopy is directly related to the use of trainers. The trainer should model the patient with all its natural complexities as closely as possible. In this article we propose a system for training the establishment of pneumoperitoneum executing the basic tasks to create the workspace in the trainer, the insertion of primary umbilical trocar and simulate some of the everyday problems in surgery. Materials and Methods. A group of electrical with biomedical engineers and laparoscopic surgeons developed a physical trainer that allows implementing the pneumoperitoneum. The system uses pneumatic electro valves that are controlled with a dedicated microprocessor. The user can program the system to set the parameters of the pneumoperitoneum. Results. This new trainer facilitated the programming of right values of parameters to distend the abdominal cavity according a specific clinical case. The model developed enables the trainee to consolidate his knowledge on establishing the parameters required within clinical practice, as well as the entry techniques. Conclusions. A new physical model for laparoscopic training was designed. The system enables the laparoscopic surgeon to set the parameters for establishing the workspace according to the clinical case. The trainer allows the surgeon to train in the Hasson technique for the introduction of the first trocar, as well as the placement of the rest of surgical instruments with video assistance. We think this new trainer system will help minimize entry-related injuries.展开更多
Model of elliptical trainer and 3D human body are built with the ergonomic module of CATIA V5 to study ergonomic characteristics of fitness equipments as a preliminary evaluation of elliptical trainer.
文摘The project delves into the preliminary findings of a survey of both trainers and students on the practice of using student peer feedback in interpreting practice.It first explains the theoretical foundation which justifies the use of peer feedback in interpreting practice,the research methodology and data collection.Then it brings forth specific findings concerning the implementation of peer feedback in the interpreting class followed by discussions of the role and features of student peer feedback as a means to help students ready for the booth.Analysis of the results shows that peer feedback in interpreting practice keeps students on-task,attentive and help them spot their own problems.Trainers and students themselves point to similar features of student peer feedback as focusing on comprehension of the original,word choice and numbers.The preliminary findings of the survey demonstrate the roles and features of student peer feedback in interpreting practice and point to the possible way of enhancing student’s learning curve through more effective peer feedback.
文摘Compared with a delta wing aircraft, the double delta wing configuration has better aerodynamic performance at high angles of attack. An operational analysis was introduced as a method for evaluating training effectiveness of trainer aircraft. Approaches to the engineering estimation of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft with a double delta wing configuration were studied, and the procedures for determining aircraft performance indices formulated. Taking training effectiveness as the objective function and geometric parameters of the wing platform as design variables, through a numerical multivariate optimization arithmetic, the conceptual design optimization for a certain fighter trainer aircraft with double delta wing configuration was carried out under the constraints of tactical and technical requirements and interrelated geometry. Agreement of a calculation example with engineering practice indicates that the optimal design has higher training effectiveness than the baseline design, and in addition, improves the structural force bearing conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia is widely taught using task trainer models. Commercially available models are often used; however, they can be cost prohibitive. Therefore, alternative "homemade" models with similar fidelity are often used. We hypothesize that professional task trainers will be preferred over homemade models. The purpose of this study is to determine realism, durability and cleanliness of three different task trainers for ultrasound guided nerve blocks.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of medical student participants in an ultrasound guided nerve block training session on January 24 th, 2015. Participants were asked to perform simulated nerve blocks on three different task trainers including, 1 commercial and 2 homemade. A questionnaire was then given to all participants to rate their experiences both with and without the knowledge on the cost of the simulator device.RESULTS: Data was collected from 25 participants. The Blue Phantom model was found to have the highest fidelity. Initially, 10(40%) of the participants preferred the Blue Phantom model, while 10(40%) preferred the homemade gelatin model and 5(20%) preferred the homemade tofu model. After cost awareness, the majority, 18(72%) preferred the gelatin model.CONCLUSION: The Blue Phantom model was thought to have the highest fidelity, but after cost consideration the homemade gelatin model was preferred.
文摘This paper describes the implementation of a PIC microcontroller in a conventional laboratory-type electronic trainer. The work comprises software for the PIC and hardware for the software. The PIC controller uses an EasyPIC6 board and includes a PC-interfaced programmer for the PIC chip. It has many external modules: 128 × 64 graphic LCD display, 2 × 16 LCD display, 4 × 4 keypad, and port expander, all in the same bench. The trainer is capable of 36 experiments in logic/analogue electronic and control systems. A 5-sided approximate sensor, two photoelectric sensors (BR56-DDT-P and BEN9M-TFR), four CMOS, four BCD-7-segment driven by CD4511B, two relays (2-pole and 3-pole), six voltages, ammeter measurement, DC motor, and 24VDC power supply, connect through connectors and pinions. Results of all the experiments show the trainer satisfying requirements of undergraduate and postgraduate projects involving conventional electronic and classical control systems.
文摘Modern nursery methods of seedling production in different sized root trainers, were compared by raising seedlings of Pinus wallichiana involving costs incurred and benefits received. In order to provide a common basis for the comparisons, the study involved the raising of 1000 seedlings annually on a continuous basis for seven years. A relative economic analysis of raising P. wallichiana seedlings in 300, 150 and 100 cm^3 root trainers was carried out and we estimated that the root trainers of 300 cm^3 capacity recorded the highest total input cost of Rs. 35571 and Rs. 40018 for 1000 seedlings produced annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 root trainers recorded the lowest total input cost of Rs. 23390 and Rs. 27737 per 1000 seedlings annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Hence, returns per rupee invested in raising seedlings in the 100 cm^3 root trainers accounted for the maximum benefit-cost ratio （i.e., 1.56 and 1.61） at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Thus seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 and 150 cm^3 root trainers were found to be most cost effective when compared with seedlings grown in 300 cm^3 root trainers. The results can be attributed to the larger number of cells per tray （higher growth density） in the 100 and 150 cm^3 root trainers, compared to the number of seedlings in the 300 cm^3 root trainers.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether practicing athletic trainers(ATs) were using the stepwise progression to make return-to-play(RTP) decisions after concussion and to determine what factors influenced their decision to use the stepwise progression.Methods: A total of 166 ATs(response rate = 16.6%) completed a 21-item questionnaire that evaluated participant demographics, methods of concussion management, and RTP decision-making using the stepwise progression. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression were completed to analyze data.Results: Factors such as education level(p = 0.05) and number of concussions treated(p = 0.05) predicted use of the stepwise progression,whereas sex(p = 0.17), employment setting(p = 0.17), state law(p = 0.86), and years practicing(p = 0.17) did not predict whether ATs were following the stepwise progression.Conclusion: The majority of the ATs from this study are employing the stepwise progression to safely return athletes to play after sustaining a concussion. This demonstrates that ATs are providing a standard of care for concussed athletes across various athletic training settings; however,having a graduate degree and treating more concussions per year are predictors of whether an AT follows all steps of the stepwise progression.
文摘The multiple tasks involved in real-time driving are challenging tasks for any new learner of driving. The proposed Low Cost Driving Trainer Assistance System (DTAS) helps the amateur drivers to learn the basic skills involved while driving a vehicle, in particular a 4 wheeler like a car. The proposed system not only helps the novice drivers to gain confidence but also saves money spent on fuels while learning. The proposed DTAS system uses a steering wheel, an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, gear mechanism and virtual (simulated) road environment. We also monitor and record the vital system parameters during the training period and analyze the same. The proposed DTAS involves operations like taking a turn, braking, accelerating, using dashboard functions and changing gears.
文摘The development of skills and abilities in laparoscopy is directly related to the use of trainers. The trainer should model the patient with all its natural complexities as closely as possible. In this article we propose a system for training the establishment of pneumoperitoneum executing the basic tasks to create the workspace in the trainer, the insertion of primary umbilical trocar and simulate some of the everyday problems in surgery. Materials and Methods. A group of electrical with biomedical engineers and laparoscopic surgeons developed a physical trainer that allows implementing the pneumoperitoneum. The system uses pneumatic electro valves that are controlled with a dedicated microprocessor. The user can program the system to set the parameters of the pneumoperitoneum. Results. This new trainer facilitated the programming of right values of parameters to distend the abdominal cavity according a specific clinical case. The model developed enables the trainee to consolidate his knowledge on establishing the parameters required within clinical practice, as well as the entry techniques. Conclusions. A new physical model for laparoscopic training was designed. The system enables the laparoscopic surgeon to set the parameters for establishing the workspace according to the clinical case. The trainer allows the surgeon to train in the Hasson technique for the introduction of the first trocar, as well as the placement of the rest of surgical instruments with video assistance. We think this new trainer system will help minimize entry-related injuries.
文摘Model of elliptical trainer and 3D human body are built with the ergonomic module of CATIA V5 to study ergonomic characteristics of fitness equipments as a preliminary evaluation of elliptical trainer.
