The plurality effect of topographical irregularities on site seismic response

Topography can have signifi cant eff ects on seismic ground response during an earthquake because topographic irregularities cause considerable diff erences between the seismic waves emitted by the source and the waves reaching the ground surface. When a seismic motion happens in a topographically irregular area, seismic waves are trapped and refl ected between the topographic features. Therefore, the interaction between topographies can amplify seismic ground response. In order to reveal how interaction between topographies infl uences seismic response, several numerical fi nite element studies have been performed by using the ABAQUS program. The results show that topographic features a greater distance between the seismic source and the site would cause greater seismic motion amplifi cation and is perceptible for the hills far away from the source and the ridges. Also, site acceleration response is impacted by surrounding topography further than site velocity and displacement response.

Effect size in papers published by the Journal of Forestry Research:A missing treasure?

P values based on standard hypothesis testing are commonly reported in articles published by the Journal of Forestry Research(JFR).However,effect sizes are barely used and reported,even if they are of direct relevance to the primary questions of many of the published studies.The incorporation of effect sizes in studies published by JFR should be encouraged and promoted.Inclusion of effect sizes as a requirement in the journal guidelines will facilitate a major change in the way data are tested and interpreted,with the ultimate goal to exempt researchers from the custom of drawing conclusions merely based upon a dichotomous statistical result(P value).Such a policy can also lead to more informed decisions of whether identified effects are of practical relevance to the forestry.

Metal Oxide/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Catalysts Enables Highly Effi cient CO_(2) Electroreduction

The metal oxide/nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)compounds zirconium oxide/NC(ZrO_(2)/NC)and cerium oxide/NC(CeO_(2)/NC)were synthesized via the pyrolysis of polyaniline on the metal oxide surface.The characterization of the ZrO_(2)/NC and CeO_(2)/NC catalysts showed more active CO_(2) reduction reaction activity than that of NC catalyst without metal oxide.Gas chromatography analysis revealed that CO and H_(2)were the primary products,and no liquid-phase products were detected via proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or high-performance liquid chromatography.The maximum Faraday effi ciency of ZrO_(2)/NC reached 90%at−0.73 V(vs.RHE),with the current density of CO at 5.5 mA/cm^(2);this Faraday effi ciency value was higher than that of NC(41%),with the current density of CO at 3.1 mA/cm^(2).The interaction between the metal oxide and carbon allowed the effi cient formation of defect sites,especially imine-type nitrogen,strengthening the adsorption of the key reaction intermediate CO_(2)^(•−) and thus promoting the CO_(2) reduction reaction.

Boosted Electrocatalytic Glucose Oxidation Reaction on Noble-Metal-Free MoO_(3)-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes

Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction(GOR)has attracted much attention owing to its crucial role in biofuel cell fabrication.Herein,we load MoO_(3)nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and use a discharge process to prepare a noblemetal-free MC-60 catalyst containing MoO_(3),Mo_(2)C,and a Mo_(2)C–MoO_(3)interface.In the GOR,MC-60 shows activity as high as 745μA/(mmol/L cm^(2)),considerably higher than those of the Pt/CNT(270μA/(mmol/L cm^(2)))and Au/CNT catalysts(110μA/(mmol/L cm^(2))).In the GOR,the response minimum on MC-60 is as low as 8μmol/L,with a steady-state response time of only 3 s.Moreover,MC-60 has superior stability and anti-interference ability to impurities in the GOR.The better performance of MC-60 in the GOR is attributed to the abundant Mo sites bonding to C and O atoms at the MoO_(3)–Mo_(2)C interface.These Mo sites create active sites for promoting glucose adsorption and oxidation,enhancing MC-60 performance in the GOR.Thus,these results help to fabricate more effi cient noble-metal-free catalysts for the fabrication of glucose-based biofuel cells.

Single and combined eff ects of fertilization,ectomycorrhizal inoculation,and drought on container-grown Japanese larch seedlings

Climate change can intensify drought in many regions of the world and lead to more frequent drought events or altered cycles of soil water status.Therefore,it is important to enhance the tolerance to drought and thus health,vigor,and success of transplantation seedlings used in the forestry by modifying fertilization and promoting mycorrhization.Here,we sowed seeds of Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)in 0.2-L containers with 0.5 g(low fertilization;LF)or 2 g(high fertilization;HF)of slow-release fertilizer early in the growing season.One month later,we irrigated seedlings with non-sterilized ectomycorrhizal inoculum(ECM)or sterilized solution(non-ECM),and after about 2 months,plants were either kept well watered(WW;500 mL water/plant/week)or subjected to drought(DR;50 mL water per plant/week)until the end of the growing season.HF largely stimulated plant growth and above-and belowground biomass production,eff ects that are of practical signifi cance,but caused a small decrease in stomatal conductance(Gs 390)and transpiration rate(E 390),which in practice is insignifi cant.ECM treatment resulted in moderate inhibition of seedling growth and biomass and largely canceled out the enhancement of biomass and foliar K content by HF.DR caused a large decrease in CO 2 assimilation,and enhanced stomatal closure and induced senescence.DR also largely depleted foliar Mg and enriched foliar K.Although DR caused a large decrease in foliar P content in LF,it moderately increased P in HF.Likewise,DR increased foliar K in HF but not in LF,and decreased foliar P in ECM plants but not in non-ECM plants.Conversely,ECM plants exhibited a large enrichment in foliar P under WW and had a lower water potential under DR when grown in LF.These results indicate that the drought tolerance and health and vigor of Japanese larch seedlings can be modifi ed by soil fertility and soil microorganisms.This study provides a basis for new multifactorial research programs aimed at producing seedlings of superior quality for forestation under climate change.

Sliding speed calculation of the Wenchuan earthquake fault using the Doppler effect

Currently,the fault sliding speed functions or source–time functions used in theoretical seismogram calculations have only produced theoretical results;that is,the results of the fault speed–time functions have been obtained only from theoretical studies,and have not been validated using the measured data.This paper signifi cantly improves the method for calculating fault sliding speed using the Doppler eff ect,from the following four perspectives.First,the paper theoretically demonstrates how to confirm that the seismic waves received in some frequency bands by two diff erent receivers are emitted by the same source.Second,the paper proposes a method to determine the similarity of seismic waves received by two diff erent receivers in some frequency bands;it applies the relative change at the two receivers in Fourier amplitude standard deviation in some frequency bands,and determines that similar seismic waves are emitted by the same frequency bands.Third,to eliminate the interference of reflected and refracted waves,this study uses fault sliding time S-wave records for data processing.Finally,the paper replaces the long-time Fourier transform with short-time Fourier transform to enhance the positioning accuracy of fault sliding times.Based on these perspectives,the paper systematically summarizes a general methodology for calculating the fault sliding speed using the Doppler effect.This method is employed to calculate the fault sliding speed of the Wenchuan earthquake;the calculations reveal that there is a general correlation between the fault sliding speeds of the Wenchuan earthquake and the seismic moment changes.The results confi rm that the sliding speed of the Wenchuan earthquake fault possesses the characteristics of abrupt change,whereby a sudden increase in the sliding speed is followed by a rapid decrease.Generally,the sliding speed is not fast,and sometimes,no sliding occurs.There are obvious diff erences from the currently used sliding speed functions,such as the Haskell function,bell-shaped function,exponential function,and triangular function.To determine the fault sliding speed using the Doppler eff ect,only the earthquake records and locations of the epicenter and receivers are required,instead of using unknown crust parameters.In short,the proposed calculation method has clear physical meaning,and the required parameters are easier to obtain.

Effects of site productivity on individual tree maximum basal area growth rates of Eucalyptus pilularis in subtropical Australia

Inventory data were available from 96 plots of even-aged,monoculture,tall-open forests of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith,aged 2-63 years,growing in sub-tropical regions along the east coast of Australia.A model was developed relating the maximum possible stem basal area growth rate of individual trees to their stem basal area.For any tree size,this maximum increased as site productivity increased.However,the size at which this maximum occurred decreased as productivity increased.Much research has shown that,at any stand age,trees of a particular stem basal area are taller on more productive sites than on less productive ones.Taller trees incur greater respiratory costs to ensure maintenance of the photo synthetic capacity of their canopies;this reduces their growth rates.It was concluded that trees with larger basal areas will have the maximum possible growth rate on a less productive site,whilst trees with smaller basal areas will have the maximum possible on a more productive site.The model developed may constitute the first stage of a complete individual tree growth model system to predict wood yields from these forests.

The Tesistan, Mexico earthquake (M_w 4.9) of 11 May 2016: seismic-tectonic environment and resonance vulnerability on buildings

To highlight the importance of small earthquakes in seismic hazard, a study of the 11 May 2016, Mw 4.9, Tesistan, Mexico earthquake is presented. Due to the close proximity of the event to the city, accelerations were considerably higher than those caused by historical severe earthquakes (6.0 < Mw < 8.2). This paper addresses two objectives related to the Tesistan event: the fi rst is to estimate the focal mechanism solution in order to place the event in the context of the tectonic environment of this area. The second is focused on a vulnerability evaluation of buildings that suff ered resonance. Several building′s typologies with variations in construction system and height are assessed in terms of resonance with the structural and soil periods. The results show that around the Zapopan station, strong damage is expected in intermediate to high-rise buildings (12-30 m) with moment resistant frame systems and in reinforced concrete shear walls. Masonry structures around this station may not present resonance. In contrast, in the surroundings of the Guadalajara station, all intermediate height buildings from 9 to 21 m may present resonance.

Spectra of seismic force reduction factors of MDOF systems normalized by two characteristic periods

Seismic force reduction factor(SFRF) spectra of shear-type multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) structures are investigated. The modified Clough model, capable of considering the strength-degradation/hardening and stiffnessdegradation, is adopted. The SFRF mean spectra using 102 earthquake records on a typical site soil type(type C) are constructed with the period abscissa being divided into three period ranges to maintain the peak features at the two sitespecific characteristic periods. Based on a large number of results, it is found that the peak value of SFRF spectra may also exist for MDOF, induced by large high-mode contributions to elastic base shear, besides the mentioned two peak values. The variations of the stiffness ratio λk and the strength ratio λF of the top to bottom story are both considered. It is found that the SFRFs for λF ≤λk are smaller than those for λF > λk. A SFRF modification factor for MDOF systems is proposed with respect to SDOF. It is found that this factor is significantly affected by the story number and ductility. With a specific λF(= λk0.75), SFRF mean spectra are constructed and simple solutions are presented for MDOF systems. For frames satisfying the strong column/weak beam requirement, an approximate treatment in the MDOF shear-beam model is to assign a post-limit stiffness 15%-35% of the initial stiffness to the hysteretic curve. SFRF spectra for MDOF systems with 0.2 and 0.3 times the post-limit stiffness are remarkably larger than those without post-limit stiffness. Thus, the findings that frames with beam hinges have smaller ductility demand are explained through the large post-limit stiffness.

NSK-SD纳豆激酶在心血管疾病高危人群中应用疗效的临床研究

目的评估纳豆激酶在心血管疾病高危人群中应用疗效。方法纳豆激酶临床研究课题组选取2021年1月—2022年12月浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院收治的97例心血管高危患者为研究对象,在90 d的研究期间服用8000 FU/d纳豆激酶(NSK-SD),分别在基线、第30天和第90天进行采血,检测血脂、凝血四项、血小板聚集率和D-二聚体水平,在基线和第90天进行TCD检测和颈动脉彩超。结果97例患者全部完成了这项研究,依从性良好。服用纳豆激酶30 d后血浆黏度显著下降(P<0.05);服用纳豆激酶90 d,ADP血小板聚集率300 s、ADP血小板最大聚集率、D-二聚体、全血低切黏度(5/s)、全血黏度(50/s)和全血高切黏度(200/s)显著下降(P<0.05);此外,全血低切黏度1/s在服用30 d和90 d后均显著下降(P<0.05)。影像学检查显示,大脑血流速度和流速差异常患者改善率分别为71.4%和87.5%;颈动脉内斑块和中膜增厚的改善比例分别为46.7%和42.1%。结论纳豆激酶可以显著改善心血管疾病高危人群的ADP血小板聚集率300 s、ADP血小板最大聚集率和全血黏度,且疗效与治疗时间呈正相关。服用纳豆激酶90 d后的影像学检查发现患者的大脑供血得到明显改善,颈动脉粥样硬化进展也得到了明显的抑制。这表明纳豆激酶对心脑血管疾病的防治有较为显著的作用。

延续性护理对股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者干预效果的Meta分析

目的探讨延续护理对股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者的干预效果,为临床护理工作者制定护理措施提供参考依据。方法计算机检索知网、万方、维普、CBM、WOS、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase数据库中关于延续护理对股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者干预的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时间为建库至2023年3月。采用RevMan 5.4进行Meta分析。结果共纳入10篇文献,涉及974例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与常规护理相比,延续护理能改善患者术后患者髋关节功能(MD=5.79,95%CI:2.65~8.93)、提高日常生活活动能力(MD=8.37,95%CI:5.94~10.80)、提高生活质量(MD=19.17,95%CI:16.89~21.45)以及改善心理状况(MD=-4.77,95%CI:-5.80~-3.75)。结论对股骨粗隆间骨折术后患者实施延续护理能改善髋关节功能,提高日常生活活动能力,提高生活质量以及改善心理状况,对患者的预后具有积极作用。

西藏自治区人民医院实施国家重点监控药品干预成效分析

目的:评价西藏自治区人民医院对重点监控药品进行重点干预的成效,为优化重点监控药品干预策略、促进临床合理用药提供参考。方法:西藏自治区人民医院于2020年制订《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品管理规定》,建立《西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品目录》,同时开展重点监控药品处方及医嘱专项点评、采取点评结果公示及绩效考核挂钩等目标性干预措施,对比西藏自治区人民医院2019年4月-2020年3月(干预前)与2020年4月-2021年3月(干预后第一年)及2021年4月-2022年3月(干预后第二年)重点监控药品临床使用数据变化,评价重点干预措施对该类药品的管理成效及临床使用的影响。结果:该院干预后第一年及第二年的重点监控药品销售金额分别为1427.01万元、1388.12万元,低于干预前的2004.29万元;干预后重点监控药品销售金额占药品总销售金额比例分别为8.33%、7.47%,低于干预前的10.11%。重点监控药品各品种的DDC普遍较高,患者的经济负担较重。结论:西藏自治区人民医院重点监控药品的干预取得了一定成效,但医院应在此基础上采取有力措施,提高重点监控药品合理使用,进一步减轻患者经济负担。

以肌酐冰冻人血清国家标准物质为例探索生化免疫类体外诊断试剂标准物质的研制

目的:根据临床参考体系中生化免疫类标准物质的研制现状,选取具有重要临床意义的代表性标准物质进行评价,探索现阶段研制中潜在的问题,并根据结果进行研制路径优化的讨论,更好地完善检验参考系统标准化建设。方法:选取肌酐标准物质作为代表,参照美国临床实验室和标准化协会发布的EP14-A3及中华人民共和国卫生部发布的WS/T 356-2011相关要求设置评价方案,对国内2个不同机构研制的4个血清肌酐国家标准物质及21份人新鲜血清样本,按照方案进行同位素稀释质谱参考方法及肌氨酸氧化酶法常规方法检测。对检测结果进行处理后,对国家标准物质进行准确性、基质效应及互通性指标评价。结果:检测结果显示,准确性、基质效应及互通性指标结果各异,有3个标准物质的参考方法测量结果不在其标示靶值±不确定度范围,且有GBW09170和GBW09171测量结果偏差在常规检测方法中加大的情况,其中GBW09171出现基质效应。结论:生化免疫类标准物质在研制过程中应充分考虑临床适用性,针对采用参考方法研制的标准物质,如本次评价的肌酐标准物质,应注意不同参考方法、不同实验室运行及不同方法学的差异,考虑采用多家或不同原理方法学联合定值,充分考察标准物质在不同方法学间的互通性,保证这类物质量值的准确传递,优化标准物质的研制路径,助力精准医学。

数字普惠金融驱动产业结构升级研究——经济政策不确定性的调节效应

本文以2011—2021年中国30个省级面板数据为研究对象,研究数字普惠金融对产业结构升级的影响以及经济政策不确定性对两者关系的调节效应。结果表明:(1)数字普惠金融及其子维度能显著促进产业结构升级,其中覆盖广度影响程度最大;(2)数字普惠金融促进产业结构升级受经济政策不确定性的抑制性调节;(3)数字普惠金融对中部地区产业结构升级的促进作用最大,在引入经济政策不确定性后,东部、中部地区仍表现为抑制调节,而西部地区则无调节效应。

合谷-三阴交穴组催产效应影响因素的思考

本文通过梳理合谷-三阴交穴组催产的现代临床及实验研究,总结其在晚孕期催产、早孕期辅助药物流产及促进宫腔残留排出的应用。剖析针刺催产刺激参数及机制研究,对影响其催产效应的机体状态、穴位配伍及针刺方法等因素进行探讨。

应用失效模式与效应分析法提高药房盘点质量探索

目的:优化现代化门诊药房药品盘点过程以提升盘点质量。方法:通过文献检索、头脑风暴等方法绘制药品盘点流程图并收集每个子流程的潜在失效模式及失效原因,应用失效模式与效应分析法(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis,FMEA)对各失效模式发生的可能性、严重性和可侦测度进行评分及风险优先值(RPN)计算,量化并确定高风险失效模式,制定改进措施并实施,分析改善效果。结果:确定了盘点的3个主流程和12个子流程,以及各子流程相关的21项失效模式和38项失效原因,高风险因素共15项,制定针对性改进措施28项。干预改进后,各高风险失效模式RPN值均显著降低,其中最高的4项由392、288、280、280分别降至42、48、56、63,均处于相对低风险区域;干预管理前后复盘相符率由82.4%上涨至96.2%,盘存时长由180.2 min降至155.3 min。结论:FMEA法在药品盘点过程存在问题分析改进中的价值是肯定的,制定的各项改进措施,尤其是针对现代化药房自动化设备盘存模块的相关措施,以及低代码平台在智能化盘点中的应用等对于盘点质量的提升作用非常显著,值得借鉴并推广运用来提升药品经济和质量管理。

基于产业集聚现象的产业经济效应探究

本文旨在探究基于产业集聚现象的产业经济效应。产业集聚作为一种重要的经济现象,不仅影响着产业的空间布局,还对区域经济增长、产业结构优化、技术创新和就业等方面产生深远影响。文章通过梳理产业集聚的相关理论,结合国内外典型案例分析,探讨了产业集聚对产业经济效率的提升、对区域经济的拉动作用以及对产业创新和升级的推动作用。研究发现,产业集聚能够降低生产成本,提高资源利用效率,促进技术创新和人才流动,进而推动产业经济的持续健康发展。同时,本文还指出了产业集聚带来的挑战,如区域发展不平衡、资源环境压力等,并提出了相应的政策建议,以供参考。

数字基础设施建设对数字服务出口复杂度的影响机制研究——基于RCEP地区

本文基于2005—2022年RCEP成员国的面板数据,采用双固定效应模型,以数字基础设施建设为抓手,研究其对数字服务出口复杂度的作用机制。结果表明,数字服务出口复杂度的提升受到数字基础设施的显著影响。这一影响主要表现在三个方面:一是优化劳动效率;二是促进产业结构服务化转型;三是有效扩大数字服务出口的规模。本文通过异质性分析发现,这一影响在高收入水平国家以及金融服务、使用知识产权费用的服务等数字密集型行业更显著。因此,我国要大力推进数字基础设施建设,重视服务业与数字技术和制造业的深度融合,营造良好的数字服务贸易发展环境,以期推动服务贸易高质量发展。

中老铁路社会经济效应评价体系构建及其实证检验

“一带一路”倡议为我国与沿线国家的经济合作提供了新机遇,云南省作为连接中国与东南亚的桥梁,其战略地位日益凸显。中老铁路作为泛亚铁路中线的关键部分,不仅是中国与老挝的战略对接项目,还是推动区域经济高质量发展的重要通道。本文构建了中老铁路社会经济效应的综合评价体系,并采用熵值TOPSIS分析方法,对中老铁路开通后全省16个州市分区域进行社会经济效应实证检验,旨在通过中老铁路社会经济效应区域的差异性探讨,为云南省在“一带一路”倡议下的区域经济发展提供实践指导和决策参考。

支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗儿童支原体肺炎的临床价值研究

探究支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗儿童支原体肺炎(MPP)的效果.选取贵州省人民医院2022年8月-2023年8月收治的60例MPP患儿为研究对象,并将其随机分为对照组(n=30)和观察组(n=30),给予对照组患儿常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上增加支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗,对比两种治疗方案对患儿的影响.结果表明,观察组患儿的治疗效果相对更佳(P<0.05),观察组患儿症状改善所用时间和住院时间相对更短(P<0.05);针对炎症指标(WBC、CRP、PCT)进行比较,观察组患儿炎症指标的改善程度相对更理想(P<0.05);针对患儿免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平进行比较,观察组患儿上述指标的降幅相对更大(P<0.05).研究发现,为支原体肺炎患儿实施常规治疗的同时辅以支气管镜肺泡灌洗治疗,可有效改善患儿的症状,强化治疗效果.