Research on passenger flow control at metro transfer stations based on real-time flow calculation of streamlines

Purpose – The volume of passenger traffic at metro transfer stations serves as a pivotal metric for theorchestration of crowd flow management. Given the intricacies of crowd dynamics within these stations andthe recurrent instances of substantial passenger influxes, a methodology predicated on stochastic processesand the principle of user equilibrium is introduced to facilitate real-time traffic flow estimation within transferstation streamlines.Design/methodology/approach – The synthesis of stochastic process theory with streamline analysisengenders a probabilistic model of intra-station pedestrian traffic dynamics. Leveraging real-time passengerflow data procured from monitoring systems within the transfer station, a gradient descent optimizationtechnique is employed to minimize the cost function, thereby deducing the dynamic distribution of categorizedpassenger flows. Subsequently, adhering to the tenets of user equilibrium, the Frank–Wolfe algorithm isimplemented to allocate the intra-station categorized passenger flows across various streamlines, ascertainingthe traffic volume for each.Findings – Utilizing the Xiaozhai Station of the Xi’an Metro as a case study, the Anylogic simulation softwareis engaged to emulate the intra-station crowd dynamics, thereby substantiating the efficacy of the proposedpassenger flow estimation model. The derived solutions are instrumental in formulating a crowd controlstrategy for Xiaozhai Station during the peak interval from 17:30 to 18:00 on a designated day, yielding crowdmanagement interventions that offer insights for the orchestration of passenger flow and operationalgovernance within metro stations.Originality/value – The construction of an estimation methodology for the real-time streamline traffic flowaugments the model’s dataset, supplanting estimated values derived from surveys or historical datasets withreal-time computed traffic data, thereby enhancing the precision and immediacy of crowd flow managementwithin metro stations.

Environmental monitoring and fuzzy synthetic evaluation of municipal solid waste transfer stations in Beijing in 2001-2006

Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management systems.To provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW TSs.Discharged wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results of...

Comparative Analysis on Observation Data of the Transfer Station in Nanning National Weather Station

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze difference of the observation data by transfer station in Nanning National Weather Station. [Method] By using observation data (atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction and speed, precipitation, sunshine, etc.) from January to December in 2000 at old and new Nanning National Weather Station, difference of the each meteorological factor was contrasted. Main reason for difference of the each meteorological factor was analyzed from altitude, underlying surface property and station environment. [Result] Atmospheric pressure and temperature at new station were both lower than that at old station, while relative humidity and wind speed were both higher than that at old station. Rainfall and sunshine had big differences at new and old stations, but variation did not have rule. Main reasons for obvious difference of the meteorological factor were that altitude, observation environment, terrain and underlying surface property at new and old stations were different. Influences of the altitude and observation environment were especially significant. [Conclusion] The research provided basis for continuity and homogeneity correction of the data sequence at Nanning National Weather Station.

Investigation and Analysis of Satisfaction of Rail Transit Transfer Station Facilities in Changchun

The comfort satisfaction of basic facilities of the rail transit transfer station will influence pedestrian choice of vehicle. Aiming at the problem of traffic jams in Changchun in China, we designed a satisfaction questionnaire to investigate the factors which might affect the pedestrian satisfaction in rail transit transfer station in Changchun. By using the statistical methods, including correlation analysis, factor analysis and comparative analysis of satisfaction and importance, we analyzed the survey data, and get the results of analysis. Some suggestions for rail transit transfer station based on the results are given.

Optimal Operation for Baoying Pumping Station in East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer

Baoying pumping station is a part of source pumping stations in East Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer in China. Aiming at the characteristics of head varying, and making use of the function of pump adjustable blade, mathematical models of pumping station optimal operation are established and solved with genetic algorithm. For different total pumping discharge and total pumping volume of water per day, in order to minimize pumping station operation cost, the number and operation duties of running pump units are respectively determined at different periods of time in a day. The results indicate that the saving of electrical cost is significantly effected by the schemes of adjusting blade angles and time-varying electrical price when pumping certain water volume of water per day, and compared with conventional operation schemes （namely, the schemes of pumping station operation at design blade angles based on certain pumping discharge）, the electrical cost is saved by 4.73%-31.27%. Also, compared with the electrical cost of conventional operation schemes, the electrical cost is saved by 2.03%-5.79% by the schemes of adjusting blade angles when pumping certain discharge.

A Two-Objective Integer Programming Model for the Location of Waste Transfer Station and Landfill in IoT Environment: Shenzhen City is Taken as an Example

In the traditional environment, the factors for considering the location of the waste transfer station and the landfill are relatively fixed, and the scale of the problem is small. But in Internet of Things(IoT) environment, the waste storage in the household waste can be monitored in real time, the environmental data can be collected by means of emerging information technology, and the residents are more sensitive to the environmental pollution of the waste. Under such conditions, the method for location of traditional waste disposal facilities needs to be redeveloped to obtain a waste transfer station and landfill site that are suitable for the IoT environment. For this reason, a two-objective integer programming model is designed. The two objectives are lowest cost and minimum impact of waste on residents. The expectations of city managers and residents are considered into the modeling. Through the simulation experiments on different scale problems, the integration method for integer programming model and simulation system is verified to solve the location of waste transfer stations in IoT environment.

The anomalous reactions of the geomagnetic horizontal field transfer functions before Tangshan earthquake

We have collected the data of variometers in period from 1972 through 1984 at Changli and Baijiatuan stations. The results calculated from 19 groups of data show: 1) There are no significant anomalies of A, B at Baijiatuan and that of B at Changli, but there are evident anomalous changes for A u, A v at Changli station. This result basically agrees to the a, b calculated using the method of measuring magnetograms, which demonstrates that the anomalies limited in the aftershock area and its neighbouring regions. 2) There are some changes of the inter station transfer functions of C u, C v, F u, F v before Tangshan earthquake, and the changes of the image parts C v, F v are more obvious, which is in agreement with the research results for Hualian earthquake. However, according to the results of Carlisle M =5.0 earthquake by Beamish(1982), the real parts F u, C u change more significantly.

低频导波检测技术在输油场站应用的效果分析

本文主要是对低频导波检测技术原理和应用进行分析,进而选取本次最优开挖验证点,通过MsS长距离超声导波检测仪在姬塬外输总站管网腐蚀检测过程中的应用效果分析,判断其应用效果具有哪些局限性和优缺点,为后续输油场站常规检测工作提供参考依据。

城市轨道交通大型换乘车站应急防灾设计

[目的]鉴于大型城市轨道交通(以下简称“城轨”)换乘车站数量不断增加,以及该类车站具有埋深较大、人员密集、逃生救援场地受限的特征,应急防灾难度和压力十分突出,因此需要对此类型车站的应急防灾进行设计。[方法]以武汉光谷广场综合体工程作为实际案例,从火灾防护、大客流防护、洪涝防护、恐袭防护及突发疫情防护等5个重点方面,分析大型城市轨道交通车站所面临的灾害特征,结合方案设计、模拟仿真、计算分析等方式,对不同类型的灾害提出解决方案。[结果及结论]采用开放式的建筑布局和贯通的人行交通层,结合自然排烟与下沉广场设置准安全区,是困难条件下大型地下空间的有效消防措施;结合车站特点分析客流高峰情况,对不同时段、不同类型的使用人群进行分类,并设置相对独立、交叉少的流线,以有效地进行大客流防护;除常规的洪涝防护措施外,提高与周边地下空间的硬隔离措施,如增加防淹门是作为洪涝防护的必要手段;提高站内的通透性,快速疏解乘客,避免堵塞滞留可有效防护恐怖袭击;对于突发疫情防护,应严格按照我国相关管理规定,落实日常防控管理,适时采取一般疫情或较大疫情响应措施。

On the problems concerned in“The subter－ranean electrical conductivity structure at the ChineseGreatWalStationonAntarctic（CG┐WSA）”byXiaopingZeng，YunfangLinandYuechenZhao

By means of the Capon spectral analysis technique calculated the frequency response of the geomagnetic transfer functions for the Chinese Great Wall Station on Antarctic, and made a preliminary inference for the underground electrical conductivity structure. In the present note, the writer considers that there are some problems concerned in their paper. Maybe it is worthwhile discussing these problems as below.

安检模式对铁路客站换乘地铁效率的影响

随着新技术涌现和运用,铁路车站客流集散过程中的安检模式对于车站区域步行换乘效率的影响及其空间设计策略,正受到越来越多的关注。运用“MassMotion”软件对出站人流进行模拟,比较了采用“人脸识别无感出站”和“轨道交通安检互认”技术前后,对于不同空间节点人流出站情况的非均质影响及交互效应,并基于上述结果建立了出站空间人员压力速查表,为铁路车站前期设计评估提供参考。

Performance enhancement of water bath heater at natural gas city gate station using twisted tubes

Natural gas is transported from producing regions to consumption regions by using transmission pipelines at high pressures. At consumption regions, the pressure of natural gas is reduced in city gate stations(CGSs). Before the pressure reduction process, the temperature of natural gas is increased usually by using a water bath heater,which burns natural gas as fuel, to protect against freezing of natural gas. These types of heat exchangers have a low efficiency and consume a lot of fuel to generate the required heat. In the current study, the twisted configuration of the heating coil is proposed and investigated to enhance the heat transfer through a water bath heater with a nominal capacity of 1000 m^3·h^-1. Firstly, the implementation procedure is validated with data collected from the CGS of Qaleh-Jiq(located in Golestan province of Iran). A very good agreement is achieved between the obtained results and the real data. Then, three different twist ratios are considered to examine the twisting effects. The proposed technique is evaluated in the terms of velocity, temperature, and pressure variations, and the results are compared with the conventional case, i.e. straight configuration. It is found that both the heat transfer rate and the pressure drop augment as the twist ratio is raised. Finally, it is concluded that the twisted tubes can reduce the length of the gas coil by about 12.5% for the model with low twist ratio, 18.75% for the model with medium twist ratio, and 25% for the model with high twist ratio as compared to the straight configuration.

基于组合赋权-云模型的城市轨道交通换乘站运营安全评估研究

换乘站作为城市轨道交通联络线网的载体,其运营安全状况是影响整个线网运营的关键因素。针对现有换乘站安全评估影响因素不全面、评价标准不完善等问题,构建换乘站运营安全评估指标体系,并引入直觉模糊二元语义改进最优最劣法确定指标权重。同时,在充分考虑主观评价的犹豫性和模糊性的基础上,提出基于云模型的定性语言定量化的重构方法,并通过对比综合云与标准云的相似度给出评估结论。以上海地铁龙阳路换乘站为例,构建影响龙阳路站运营安全的指标体系,得出龙阳路站运营安全水平及设备因素对其运营安全影响最大的新结论,验证该评估方法的有效性,为准确掌握轨道交通换乘站运营安全现状,提高运营安全水平提供理论支撑。

传热学实验教学改革探索与实践

基于多年的传热学授课经验,系统分析了传热学课程的特点,深入讨论了传热学实验教学中存在的问题。针对实验教学的硬件条件和教学激励措施,探索了提高实验教学质量的途径。传热学实验教学改革改进了实验硬件条件,提高了师生对实验教学的重视程度,激发了师生对实验教学的兴趣。经过初步教学实践,传热学实验教学效果显著提升,为进一步深化传热学及其他能动专业课程教学改革提供了参考。

主动配电网-充换电站群-智慧社区群分层优化调度策略

为解决配电网、社区、充换电站3个利益主体之间难以保障能量最优交换和信息安全问题,提出一种主动配电网充换电站群智慧社区群的分层优化调度策略。首先,结合用户侧的储能需求和电动汽车充换电站的运行优化需求,在满足配电网经济运行的前提下建立电动汽车充换电站、配电网和社区共同参与的共享储能模式,上层为主动配电网运行模型,下层为社区和充换电站运行模型;其次,考虑各储能充换电站之间的交通流、能量流的时空特性,利用卡车对各电动汽车充换电站间的电池进行灵活调度,建立基于移动式储能车的电池时空共享模型;然后,为解决多主体(即充换电站、配电网、社区)参与的调度框架难以实现总体最优的问题,引入交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)设计了社区充换电站配电网的3层能量共享模型;最后使用MATLAB对模型仿真编码求解。仿真结果表明:所提出的策略能够保障共享储能系统中各个主体隐私的安全性和用能的经济性,使能量共享形式更加多样化;可提高储能电池的使用效率和用能经济性,系统总成本降低了18%。

地下空间长距离送风中转站通风设计

针对送风系统存在众多分支导致的阻力不均、风量减小等问题,提出了设置中转站的送风方式。本文以长方体送风中转站为例,采用模拟和实验相结合的方法,研究了送风中转站的空气分布特性与设计参数。结果表明:送风中转站可以将系统最不利出口的流量偏差由124.01%降低至33.14%;送风中转站的出口数量对其阻力与流量均匀性的影响较大。在此基础上,给出了送风中转站的设计方法。

吉林油田典型集输接转站场提质提效研究

吉林油田地面工程系统中接转站存在高能耗问题。通过分析接转站的主要工作流程,计算出每个流程中用能环节的能耗占比,找出接转站产生高能耗的主要原因为加热炉的能耗过高。对加热炉出口温度进行调整,降低加热炉能耗,最终达到接转站能耗降至最低的效果。优化计算结果表明,当海118接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为43.8℃和37.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为51℃和44℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳307 t/a;当新民6接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为44.4℃和44.2℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为54.5℃和49.5℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳375 t/a;当让47接转站冬季、夏季外输流程加热炉出口温度分别为47.9℃和46.6℃,冬季、夏季掺输流程加热炉出口温度分别为57℃和56℃时,接转站全年能耗最低,可减少使用碳333 t/a。

垃圾渗滤液处理技术现状及未来发展趋势

垃圾渗滤液主要来自于填埋场和焚烧厂渗滤液,但是随着垃圾分类的开展,湿垃圾厌氧发酵后的沼液以及垃圾中转站产生废水也成为垃圾渗滤液的主要来源之一。渗滤液水质成分十分复杂,所含污染物浓度高、处理难度大,且随着现在各项技术的不断发展,渗滤液处理技术形成了多元化的局面,本文介绍了四种不同来源的渗滤液水质特点及现有处理技术现状,给出了不同来源渗滤液处理技术的工艺流程,分析了不同工艺流程的特点及应用场景,同时结合“碳达峰、碳中和”背景,及垃圾分类的开展和填埋场渗滤液排放标准的修订,分析了渗滤液处理技术现状及未来发展的趋势。

电催化氧化与MBBR组合工艺处理乡镇混合污水的试验研究

采用电催化氧化和MBBR组合工艺对乡镇垃圾中转站废水和农村生活污水组成的混合污水处理进行了研究。首先采用电催化氧化工艺对垃圾中转站废水进行预处理,然后采用MBBR工艺对乡镇混合污水进行生化处理。结果表明:在电解电压为20 V,氯化钠投加量为10 mg/L的条件下,采用电催化氧化工艺对COD质量浓度为1089 mg/L,色度为500倍的废水电解反应120 min,色度和COD去除率分别达到90.5%和53.5%;MBBR工艺出水指标中,除总磷和悬浮物外,COD、氨氮、总氮均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准;总磷去除率可通过生化排泥和化学除磷进一步提高,悬浮物去除率可通过设置过滤装置进一步提高。

XB油田原油集输系统优化调整措施及效果分析

随着开发不断深入,XB油田面临着效益建产难度大,地面集输系统站库老化、低效、高耗等形势,按照油田公司优化简化的总体部署要求,XB油田结合自身特点,着力打造具有XB特色的优化简化模式。通过“水驱利用优存量、水聚合建控增量、系统调整优布局、工艺简化增效益”优化思路,充分挖潜利用A区域内站库剩余能力,接纳新建水驱产能;结合B区产能水聚驱产能交错布置特点,实施水聚驱合并建设;针对C区域站库低效、低负荷问题,优化区域系统布局,优化核减站库;结合D区块大平台建设方式,探索“投产并联+双管环状”集输工艺。在油井增加的前提下,减少转油站建设数量,提升集输系统负荷,控降建设投资,可为后续集输系统优化简化提供指导意见。