Glaucoma surgery experiments using digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography and OCT-compatible instruments

There is a certain failure rate in traditional glaucoma surgery because of the lack of depth information in microscope images.In this work,we present a digital microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography(MIOCT)system and several custom-made OCT-compatible instruments for glaucoma surgery.Sixteen ophthalmologists were asked to perform trabeculectomy and canaloplasty on live porcine eyes using the system and instruments.After surgery,a subjective feedback survey about the user experience was taken.The experiment results showed that our system can help surgeons easily locate important tissue structures during surgery.The custom-made instruments also solved the shadowing problem in OCT imaging.Surgeons preferred to use the system in their future practice.

Special topic on new instruments and sensing technologies

New instruments and sensing technologies have extensive applications in non-destructive testing,safety monitoring,human-computer interaction,precision sensing,and other fields.The emergence of new structural materials,new preparation processes,and new sensing theories has driven the development of precision measurement instruments and intelligent sensing technology with the rapid development of electromagnetics,optics,and materials science.

Exploring the Mysteries of the Universe, and Innovation Leading the Future——Astronomical Techniques and Instruments

Dear Readers:Astronomical Techniques and Instruments is a professional English journal of open access devoted to recent develop-ments,discoveries,and theories in astronomical techniques,methods,and instruments.It will serve as a platform for dis-course,learning,and information sharing for astronomic and astrophysics professionals worldwide.

Analysis Of Urban Planning Instruments in Comala,Colima,Mexico(1997-2009)from a Gender Perspective-A Secondary Publication

This work is carried out based on the analysis of urban planning instruments,taking the gender perspective as a foundation.It arises from the inclusion of women in the participation of urban development,through an analysis of the gender gaps that have marked the history of women,the inequalities serve as a basis for carrying out this study.It highlights the challenges we face today as a society in the process of building citizen participation,where we must all be recognized and have equal opportunities within the territory in which we live.This article analyzes the extent to which the Municipal Urban Development Programs of the Mexican municipality of Comala,Colima,Mexico,consider the recommendations on gender and urbanism,established since the 1990s by international entities and applied transversally to urban planning policies.Considerable differences are found between women and men in terms of empowerment and participation in urban territorial planning instruments,mainly in the oldest instrument(1997).Significant progress is observed in the most recent document and is currently in force in the municipality of Comala(2009).

端粒长度与10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病的关系孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项观察性研究表明,端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在潜在的关联,然而它们之间的潜在机制仍不清楚。目的:利用两样本孟德尔随机化分析来探索端粒长度与肌肉骨骼疾病之间的遗传因果关系。方法:从英国生物银行中获得端粒长度的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。从FinnGen财团中获得了关于10种常见肌肉骨骼疾病(骨坏死、骨髓炎、骨质疏松、类风湿关节炎、腰痛、椎管狭窄、痛风、肩周炎、强直性脊柱炎和下肢深静脉血栓)的全基因组关联研究汇总数据。使用逆方差加权、孟德尔随机化-Egger和加权中位数方法评估端粒长度与10种肌肉骨骼疾病的因果关系,逆方差加权作为主要的孟德尔随机化分析方法,并进行敏感性分析探讨结果稳健性。结果与结论:①逆方差加权法结果表明,遗传预测的端粒长度与类风湿关节炎(OR=0.78,95%CI:0.64-0.95,P=0.015)和骨坏死(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.36-0.90,P=0.016)风险之间存在负向因果关系,但未发现端粒长度与其他8种肌肉骨骼疾病之间存在因果关系(P均>0.05)。②敏感性分析结果表明因果关系稳健,孟德尔随机化-Egger截距分析未检测到潜在的水平多效性(P均>0.05)。③此项孟德尔随机化研究支持端粒长度对类风湿关节炎和骨坏死的保护作用的结论,然而,未来将需要更多的基础和临床研究来验证。

虚拟仪器平台下旋转机械振动应用研究

利用LabVIEW软件图形化程序和可视化前面板,基于旋转机械结构和运动特点构建虚拟仪器仿真平台基本框架,设计了与真实仪器功能相当的旋转机械齿轮振动虚拟仿真研究平台。通过仿真验证,齿轮振动虚拟仿真平台能够有效采集振动信号,并对振动信号特征进行提取和分析,测试结果与旋转机械齿轮实际振动情况一致。开发的虚拟仿真平台达到了预期功能目标,为旋转机械关键部件振动检测和故障诊断提供了可视化技术支持,降低了旋转机械故障检测成本。

基于特征间几何约束的指针仪表读数识别方法

在指针式仪表示值监控系统中,倾斜拍摄仪表图像时会导致识别结果出现偏差,为此提出一种基于仪表特征间几何约束的识别方法。首先利用一幅平铺于仪表上表面的平面标定板图像实现相机参数标定,生成仪表在标定平面上的虚拟图像;然后利用表壳上表面、刻度平面、指针平面与虚拟像平面间的平行关系,确定表壳圆的圆心、仪表刻度圆心、指针转轴中心特征间的透视投影约束关系,利用图像的极坐标变换和离散傅里叶变换提取仪表刻度圆心的最优位置及起始刻度线的角度,利用Hough变换的投票原理估计指针的转动角度;最后利用角度法实现仪表读数的解算。以某型号指针式温度计为测试对象进行实验验证,识别结果的平均误差为0.23℃,最大误差为0.7℃,本文方法能够准确识别仪表读数且识别精度优于人工读数。

省级地球物理站网仪器运行监控系统设计与实现

顺应地震监测业务改革方向,为提升地球物理站网仪器运维效率,设计了一套地球物理站网仪器运行监控系统。系统包括基于B/S架构设计的监控软件平台、手机监控App软件和基于C/S架构设计的调试工具,通过实时获取地球物理仪器状态流和数据流,对仪器时钟准确性、连通性,数据完整性、有效性等进行自动化分析,实现辖区范围内地球物理站网仪器运行状态的实时监控。该系统可对仪器运行状态异常、产出数据不符合规范要求等情况进行异常告警,提示运维人员第一时间排查故障,从而提高了地球物理站网仪器运行率和数据质量;系统对获取的数据进行备份,提高了地球物理台网数据完整性,并为今后实现数据质量实时监控等数据服务提供了技术路线。

3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板在开放楔形胫骨高位截骨中的应用

背景:3D打印个体化截骨导板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎具有手术时间短、透视次数少、矫正精准度高等优点。但之前报道的截骨导板对周围软组织破坏严重、锁定钢板位置不当等问题依旧明显。目的:探究3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:收集20例确诊为膝骨关节炎的患者,按手术方法分为3D组和常规组,每组10例。3D组采用3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术,常规组进行常规开放楔形胫骨高位截骨手术。分析比较两组患者手术时间、透视次数、切口长度,术前和术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角、胫骨后倾角以及计划矫正角度与实际矫正角度的差值,术前和术后1,3,6个月膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分,另外记录并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①3D组患者的手术时间、透视次数少于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);②两组患者的术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角均较术前增大,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001),而胫骨后倾角无明显改变;3D组术后髋膝踝角、胫骨近端内侧角及胫骨后倾角与术前计划值分别相差(-0.22±0.72)°、(-0.20±0.73)°和(0.23±0.37)°,但差异均无显著性意义;3D组计划矫正度数与实际矫正度数的差值较常规组小,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③两组患者术后膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分均逐步升高(P<0.001);3D组术后1,3个月的膝关节活动度及术后1个月的Lysholm评分优于常规组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后3个月的Lysholm评分、术后6个月的膝关节活动度及Lysholm评分差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④两组患者均无并发症发生;⑤上述结果说明3D打印个体化截骨导板结合定制钢板辅助和常规方法均有良好的临床疗效,但前者的手术时间更短,透视次数更少,术后膝关节功能恢复更快;并且3D打印个体化截骨导板可精准实现术前规划。

肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折

背景:骨质疏松性骨折是骨质疏松症最严重的并发症,既往的研究已经证实了肠道菌群对骨骼组织具有调节作用,肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折有着重要关系,但是二者之间的因果关系尚不清楚。目的:使用孟德尔随机化(MR)方法探索肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折之间的因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库和芬兰数据库R9中分别获得了肠道菌群和骨质疏松性骨折的GWAS数据集,以肠道菌群作为暴露因素,骨质疏松性骨折作为结局变量,采用随机效应逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数法、简单模型法以及加权模型法进行孟德尔随机化分析来评估肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折之间是否存在因果关系,通过敏感性分析来检验结果的可靠性和稳健性,并进行反向孟德尔随机化分析来进一步验证正向孟德尔随机化分析中确定的因果关系。结果与结论:①此孟德尔随机化分析结果表明,肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折之间存在因果关系。放线菌目(OR=1.562,95%CI:1.027-2.375,P=0.037)、放线菌科(OR=1.561,95%CI:1.027-2.374,P=0.037)、放线菌属(OR=1.544,95%CI:1.130-2.110,P=0.006)、丁酸球菌属(OR=1.781,95%CI:1.194-2.657,P=0.005)、粪球菌属-2(OR=1.550,95%CI:1.068-2.251,P=0.021)、Family ⅩⅢ UCG-001属(OR=1.473,95%CI:1.001-2.168,P=0.049)、产甲烷短杆菌属(OR=1.274,95%CI:1.001-1.621,P=0.049)、罗氏菌属(OR=1.429,95%CI:1.015-2.013,P=0.041)的丰度升高,会增加患者骨质疏松性骨折的风险;②拟杆菌纲(OR=0.660,95%CI:0.455-0.959,P=0.029)、拟杆菌目(OR=0.660,95%CI:0.455-0.959,P=0.029)、克里斯滕森氏菌科(OR=0.725,95%CI:0.529-0.995,P=0.047)、瘤胃球菌科(OR=0.643,95%CI:0.443-0.933,P=0.020)、肠杆菌属(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.395-0.788,P=0.001)、直肠真杆菌属(OR=0.631,95%CI:0.435-0.916,P=0.016)、毛螺菌科-UCG008(OR=0.738,95%CI:0.546-0.998,P=0.048)、瘤胃梭菌属-9(OR=0.492,95%CI:0.324-0.746,P=0.001)的丰度升高,会降低患者骨质疏松性骨折的风险。③文章通过孟德尔随机化方法发现了16种与骨质疏松性骨折相关的肠道菌群,即以肠道菌群为暴露因素,骨质疏松性骨折为结局变量,8种肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折呈正向因果关联,另外8种肠道菌群与骨质疏松性骨折呈负向因果关联。④此研究结果不仅为临床上骨质疏松性骨折的早期预测及潜在治疗靶点确定了新的生物标志物,还为骨组织工程中研究通过肠道菌群改善骨质疏松性骨折的发生与预后提供了实验基础和理论依据。

Problems and principles in translation of cross-cultural research instruments

The process of translation is an important part of cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural researchers are often confronted by the need to translate instruments from one language to another. In the translation, linguistic equivalence, functional equivalence, cultural equivalence and metric equivalence are factors that need to be considered greatly. This paper examines the translation of cross-cultural research instrument from these points of view, illustrates with examples and puts forward suggestions for incorporating each factor into research studies.

唯物史观视阈下“理性工具化”问题探析

“理性工具化”问题是霍克海默为西方理性传统的“消蚀”提出的应对之道,进而重建理性权威的入手点。从“理性工具化”到“工具理性”,经历了施密特翻译和哈贝马斯阐释创造的过程。霍克海默对“理性工具化”问题的诊断在于片面化的启蒙精神,抽象了理性的丰富性,仅仅保存了被工具化的理性的启蒙。在唯物史观视阈下,解决“理性之蚀”的思路无非是以“社会批判”超越“理性批判”,但“社会批判”毕竟无法代劳实际的社会变革。在社会主义市场经济条件下,解决“理性工具化”问题的正确方式,在于合理利用理性,进而解决资本治理难题,走出资本治理困境,开拓出新的发展方式和生活方式。

肥胖症与弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症的关系

背景:弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症是一种以韧带、肌腱等软组织及其附着部位的钙化和骨化为主要表现的全身性非炎症疾病,主要影响50岁以上的男性。研究表明肥胖症患者中弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症的发病率更高,但二者的因果关系尚不明确。目的:旨在通过孟德尔随机化分析方法,探讨肥胖症与弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症之间的因果关系。方法:研究选取全基因组关联研究数据库中的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,包括肥胖症和弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症相关数据。使用双向双样本孟德尔随机化分析方法评估肥胖症与弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症之间的因果关系,同时进行多效性、异质性和敏感性评价。结果与结论:孟德尔随机化分析发现肥胖症与弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症之间存在显著的正向因果关系。逆方差加权法显示“肥胖”(OR=1.111,95%CI:1.068-1.156,P=1.598×10^(-7))、“肥胖,热量过剩”(OR=1.093,95%CI:1.042-1.146,P=0.000)和“肥胖,其他/不详”(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.069-1.152,P=4.908×10^(-8))均与弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症显著相关。反向孟德尔随机化分析未发现弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症与肥胖症之间存在因果关系。多效性、异质性和敏感性检验结果验证了孟德尔随机化分析结果的可靠性。这表明肥胖症显著增加了弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症的风险,但弥漫性特发性骨肥厚症并不是肥胖症的危险因素。

Research on Instruments of Formative Assessment for Differentiated Language Teaching

Formative assessment is crucial to differentiated language teaching.To ensure the quality of differentiated teaching,some assessment instruments should be adopted during formative assessment,such as differentiated learning portfolios and group activity journal.The effective application of these instruments can also improve the students' autonomous language learning ability.

Literature review and analysis of the application of health outcome assessment instruments in Chinese medicine

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the application of health assessment instruments in Chinese medicine. METHODS： According to a pre-defined search strategy, a comprehensive literature search for all articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. The resulting articles that met the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for analysis. RESULTS： A total of 97 instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine have been used in fundamental and theoretical research, and 14 of these were also used in 29 clinical trials that were randomized controlled trials, or descriptive or cross-sectional studies. In 2 152 Chinese medicine-based studies that used instruments in their methodology, more than 150 questionnaires were identified. Among the identified questionnaires, 51 were used in more than 10 articles （0.5%）. Most of these instruments were developed in Western countries and few studies （4%） used the instrument as the primary evidence for their conclusions. CONCLUSION： Usage of instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine is increasing rapidly; however, current limitations include selection rationale, result interpretation and standardization, which must be addressed accordingly.

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of curved root canals after mechanical preparation with three nickel-titanium rotary instruments

Cone beam computed tomography is a 3-dimensional high resolution imaging method. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 different NiTi rotary instruments used to prepare curved root canals on the final shape of the curved canals and total amount of root canal transportation by using cone-beam computed tomography. A total of 81 mesial root canals from 42 extracted human mandibular molars, with a curvature ranging from 15 to 45 degrees, were selected. Canals were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 each. After preparation with Protaper, Revo-S and Hero Shaper, the amount of transportation and centering ability that occurred were assessed by using cone beam computed tomography. Utilizing preand post-instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Canals were metrically assessed for changes （surface area, changes in curvature and transportation） during canal preparation by using software SimPlant; instrument failures were also recorded. Mean total widths and outer and inner width measurements were determined on each central canal path and differences were statistically analyzed. The results showed that all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well with no significant differences between the different files （P=0.226）. During preparation there was failure of only one file （the protaper group）. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, all instruments maintained the original canal curvature well and were safe to use. Areas of uninstrumented root canal wall were left in all regions using the various systems.

Structural optimization of precision instruments through modal analysis

In order to improve the dynamic stability of precision instruments during the design process, a compositive design method based on modal analysis of structure is proposed. With uniform boundary conditions and material characters, the results of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) vary with models. It should be checked whether the model is correctly simplified. Modal experiments can be used for such purpose. The method combines the high efficiency and agility of FEA with the reliability and accuracy of experiments, and avoids the drawbacks of FEA or experiments, such as uncertainty of FEA and high cost of experiments. Taking rotor frame structure as an example, this method is applied as follows: First the modal characters of structure are analyzed with FEA, and then the natural frequencies of the structure are tested by experiments to check the reliability of FEA method, and finally the design scheme is optimized by modifying structure parameters with confirmed FEA.

ACI-SPOC教学模式在中药学专业仪器分析实验的应用

文章探索了以超星学习通平台为载体,以自主、协作、互动学习(ACI)能力培养为导向,建立ACI-小规模限制性在线课程(SPOC)教学模式,用于仪器分析实验教学。通过教学质量评价和问卷调查,从学生学习效果、学习兴趣和能力培养等方面对教改班和传统班进行了对比。结果表明,教改班的教学效果优于传统班,教改班的考试平均分比传统班高26分。ACISPOC教学模式不仅解决了学生学习效果差的问题,还能帮助学生充分调动学习兴趣、激发实验热情、提升科研素养,为培养创新型人才奠定了基础。

An overview on observational instruments and measuring methods for dewfall

This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.

Automatic Recognition Method for Optical Measuring Instruments Based on Machine Vision

Based on a comprehensive study of various algorithms, the automatic recognition of traditional ocular optical measuring instruments is realized. Taking a universal tools microscope(UTM) lens view image as an example, a 2-layer automatic recognition model for data reading is established after adopting a series of pre-processing algorithms. This model is an optimal combination of the correlation-based template matching method and a concurrent back propagation(BP) neural network. Multiple complementary feature extraction is used in generating the eigenvectors of the concurrent network. In order to improve fault-tolerance capacity, rotation invariant features based on Zernike moments are extracted from digit characters and a 4-dimensional group of the outline features is also obtained. Moreover, the operating time and reading accuracy can be adjusted dy-namically by setting the threshold value. The experimental result indicates that the newly developed algorithm has optimal recognition precision and working speed. The average reading ratio can achieve 97.23%. The recognition method can automatically obtain the results of optical measuring instruments rapidly and stably without modifying their original structure, which meets the application requirements.