Crystallization behavior of zeolite beta from acid-leached metakaolin

Well-crystallized zeolite beta was synthesized by using acid-leached metakaolin as the silica-alumina source and tetraethylammonium hydroxide structure-directing agent.The influence of the composition of the reaction mixture on product crystallinity was investigated,and the crystallization process was studied by examining solid samples obtained at different synthesis times.Results showed that the acid-leached metakaolin was fully converted into soluble aluminum and silicon species,which is crucial for the formation of well-crystallized zeolite beta.At the beginning of the crystallization process,these soluble aluminum and silicon species formed a aluminum-rich intermediate structure with layer morphology.With the crystallization proceeding,more silicon species were incorporated into the zeolite beta framework and the layered structure was changed into spherical particles of zeolite beta with high SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio and crystallinity.

Cooperative effect from cation and anion of pyridine-containing anion-based ionic liquids for catalysing CO_2 transformation at ambient conditions

Pyridine-containing anion-based ionic liquids(PA-ILs) with two kinds of interaction sites to bind CO_2, e.g., [P4444][2-OP], were found to be highly efficient for catalysing the cycloaddition reactions of atmospheric CO_2 with epoxides at room temperature under metal-and halogen-free conditions, producing a series of cyclic carbonates in high yields. It was demonstrated that the cooperative interaction from two interaction sites in the anions of PA-ILs activated CO_2, while the cation activated the epoxides substrates via coordination to the central P+ unit, thus resulting in the high activity of the IL catalysts.

Numerical Simulation on Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Biological Tissues Embedded with Liquid Metal Nanoparticles

Photothermal therapy is emerging as a very promising way for minimally invasive cancer treatment.To enhance thermal energy deposition of laser in target malignant tissues,liquid metal nanoparticles(LMNPs)have been recently identified as completely unprecedented photothermal sensitizers due to their unique physicochemical properties and superior photothermal conversion rate under near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.However,there is currently a strong lack of understanding of the laser energy distribution and the transient temperature field within the biological tissues,which would seriously hinder the development of LMNPs assisted photothermal therapy.Therefore,this paper focused on the distinctive photothermal effect of LMNPs embedded in biological tissues under NIR laser irradiation.The mathematical model coupling the Monte-Carlo photon transport model with Penne's bioheat transfer model has been established.Simulation studies have shown that LMNPs play an important role in enhancing the absorption of NIR laser,which contributes to local temperature rise and improves the temperature distribution.Comparing with the control case without LMNPs,the maximum temperature increases by nearly 1.0 time,the local temperature rise reaches 30℃ in 1.0 second.When the diameter and concentration of LMNPs are 40 nm and 1012/mm3,the resulting temperature variation and distribution is best for the effective killing of tumors without damaging normal tissues.In addition,the simulation results are meaningful for guiding the selection of laser irradiation time in conjunction with the cooling time,ensuring the controllable accuracy of treatment.To the best of our knowledge,the present study is one of the first attempts to quantify the influence of transformable LMNPs on the temperature distributions inside the biological tissues,showing important academic significance for guiding LMNPs assisted photothermal treatment.

Relationship between Tissue Distributions of Modified Wuzi Yanzong Prescription(加味五子衍宗方) in Rats and Meridian Tropism Theory

Objective： To investigate the relationship between tissue distributions of modified Wuzi Yanzong prescription（加味五子衍宗方, MWP） in rats and meridian tropism theory. Methods： A high-performance liquid chromatography with Fourier transform-mass spectrometry（HPLC-FT） method was used to identify the metabolites of MWP in different tissues of rats after continued oral administration of MWP for 7 days. The relationship between MWP and meridian tropism theory was studied according to the tissue distributions of the metabolites of MWP in rats and the relevant literature. Results： Nineteen metabolites, mainly flavanoid compounds, were detected in the different rat tissues and classified to each herb in MWP. Further, it was able to establish that the tissue distributions of the metabolites of MWP were consistent with the descriptions of meridian tropism of MWP available in literature, this result might be useful in clarifying the mechanism of MWP on meridian tropism. In the long run, these data might provide scientific evidence of the meridian tropism theory to further promote the reasonable, effective utilization, and modernization of Chinese medicine. Conclusion： The tissue distributions of MWP in vivo were consistent with the descriptions of meridian tropism of MWP.