Beyond Transformational Change： Incremental Transformational Change in Institutions

Much has been written and researched about transformational change and the exogenous events that result in radical institutional transformation （Di Maggio ＆ Powell, 1983; Hannan＆ Freeman, 1989; Fligstein, 1996; Zorn, Dobbin, ＆ Kwok, 2006）. Accounts are provided of external agents disturbing the existing stasis of the institution and transforming the institution into something else that reflect a new paradigm or set of interests. Often, what is neglected in these accounts is what fractures exist in the original institution that would make them vulnerable and allow penetration by exogenous influences. Mahoney and Thelen （20 l 0） went beyond a general model of change that described the collapse of one set of institutional norms to be replaced by another. The model of change they propose takes into account both exogenous as well as endogenous factors as being the source of institutional change. They went on to state a view that transformation change as being a result of abrupt, wholesale breakdown needs to be rethought to include incremental, endogenous shifts in thinking that can often result in fundamental transformations.

Morphological Changes Induced by Coastal Protection on the Coast of Maputo City, Mozambique

Coastal change has merited attention because of heated arguments in the literature on this subject at national,regional,southern African,and international levels.The city of Maputo,the capital of Mozambique,which had been undergoing intense coastal erosion actions,was the target of large-scale intervention aimed at halting the advance of the sea and the consequent destruction of infrastructure.Coastal protection consisted of soft forms,artificial feeding,and heavy,longitudinal and transversal structures.This study was carried out along the protected line,about 3 km long,and aims to understand the morphological transformations in the Maputo city shoreline that occurred after the coastal protection.For that,the following technical methods were used:observation,a topographic survey of the beach cross-sections,and the shoreline evolution before and after coastal protection using 2008 and 2010 Google Earth satellite imagery prior to protection 2015,project completion year and 2018 monitoring year.The findings of the study revealed that the causes of coastal erosion persist,like constant removal by deflation of the borrowed sediment.Besides,vertical structures(groynes)intensify erosion in the downdrift while adherent structures interrupt the return of sediment deposited on the sidewalk and the road.The beach that experienced a positive sedimentary balance with artificial feeding has been losing more sediment than it gets.The transversal profiles show the beach shore has depressions that are submerged in the presence of high tides,bringing the sea closer to the adherent structure.Despite the sped up erosion observed,embryonic dunes were detected in some parts of the beach,signs of the establishment of dynamic equilibrium,becoming sites of sand accumulation and sediment source to the beach,through the exchange between the dune and the beach.With these results,a pilot station for artificial dune construction is being designed for beach stability.

Observation of giant magnetocaloric effect under low magnetic fields in EuTi_(1-x)Co_xO_3

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect（MCE） in EuTi1-xCoxO3（x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1） compounds have been investigated. When the Ti^4＋ ions were substituted by Co2＋ions, the delicate balance was changed between antiferromagnetic（AFM） and ferromagnetic（FM） phases in the EuTiO3 compound. In EuTi1-xCoxO3 system, a giant reversible MCE and large refrigerant capacity（RC） were observed without hysteresis. The values of -△SM^max were evaluated to be around 10 J·kg^-1·K^-1 for EuTi0.95Co0.05O3 under a magnetic field change of 10 kOe. The giant reversible MCE and large RC suggests that EuTi1-xCoxO3 series could be considered as good candidate materials for low-temperature and low-field magnetic refrigerant.

Influence of Ni/Mn ratio on magnetostructural transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Ni48-xCo2Mn38+xSn12(x=0,1.0,1.5,2.0,and 2.5)ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

An investigation on the magnetostructural transformation and magnetocaloric properties of Ni48-xCo2Mn38＋xSn12（x = 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5） ferromagnetic shape memory alloys is carried out. With the partial replacement of Ni by Mn in the Ni_（48）Co2Mn38Sn12 alloy, the electron concentration decreases. As a result, the martensitic transformation temperature is decreased into the temperature window between the Curie-temperatures of austenite and martensite. Thus, the samples with x = 1.5 and 2.0 exhibit the magnetostructural transformation between the weak-magnetization martensite and ferromagnetic austenite at room temperature. The structural transformation can be induced not only by the temperature,but also by the magnetic field. Accompanied by the magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation, a considerable magnetocaloric effect is observed. With the increase of x, the maximum entropy change decreases, but the effective magnetic cooling capacity increases.

A Common Prosperity

As China celebrates 40 years of reform and opening up,it shares mutual development with Africa The default impression of China for many foreigners three or four decades ago was kungfu movies.However,things have changed and the country has transformed into a land of highspeed