基于DCNv2和Transformer Decoder的隧道衬砌裂缝高效检测模型研究

为解决因衬砌裂缝性状随机、分布密集、标注框分辨率低所导致的现有模型识别精度低、检测速度慢及参数量庞大等问题,以第2版可变形卷积网络(DCNv2)和端到端变换器解码器(Transformer Decoder)为基础对YOLOv8网络框架进行改进,提出了面向衬砌裂缝的检测模型DTD-YOLOv8。首先,通过引入DCNv2对YOLOv8主干卷积网络C2f进行融合以实现模型对裂缝形变特征的准确快速感知,同时采用Transformer Decoder对YOLOv8检测头进行替换以实现端到端框架内完整目标检测流程,从而消除因Anchor-free处理模式所带来的计算消耗。采用自建裂缝数据集对SSD,Faster-RCNN,RT-DETR,YOLOv3,YOLOv5,YOLOv8和DTD-YOLOv8的7种检测模型进行对比验证。结果表明:改进模型F1分数和mAP@50值分别为87.05%和89.58%;其中F1分数相较其他6种模型分别提高了14.16%,7.68%,1.55%,41.36%,8.20%和7.40%;mAP@50分别提高了28.84%,15.47%,1.33%,47.65%,10.14%和10.84%。改进模型参数量仅为RT-DETR的三分之一,检测单张图片的速度为16.01 ms,FPS为65.46帧每秒,对比其他模型检测速度得到提升。该模型在面向运营隧道裂缝检测任务需求时能够表现出高效的性能。

基于Point Transformer v2的点云枝叶分离方法研究

准确高效的点云枝叶分离对精确计算森林树木的垂直参数至关重要。然而,当前的研究方法计算成本高,且依赖先验知识导致泛化能力不足。针对以上问题,文章提出利用基于点特征的Transformer网络进行自动化的森林场景三维点云的枝叶分离研究。该方法使用Point Transformer v2网络,首先利用网格编码模块提取可学习的局部结构关系,保留点云的几何拓扑结构;其次使用分组注意力实现多通道联合学习,降低特征的冗余度,提高计算的效率;最后构建了基于点的Transformer网络实现高精度森林树木三维点云语义分割,降低了对于先验知识的需求。使用地基激光扫描仪获取的加拿大和芬兰7个不同树种样地的三维点云数据,进行枝叶分离实验和精度评价。实验结果表明,网络整体精度(OA)为94.42%,mIoU为78.89%,能够适应不同树种、不同点云密度的森林场景的枝叶分离。

The Effect of Simvastatin on mRNA Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1,Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tooth Extraction Socket

Aim To determine the effect of local simvastatin application on the mRNA expression level of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）, bone morphogenetic protein-2 （BMP-2） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the tooth sockets of rat. Methodology Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups （n=24）. Polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer carriers, with or without simvastatin, were implanted into extraction sockets of right mandibular incisors. The expression of TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA was determined by in situ hybridization in the tooth extraction socket at five days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after implantation. Results The fusiform stroma cells in the tooth extraction socket began to express TGF-β1, BMP-2 and VEGF mRNA in both experimental and control groups from one week after tooth extraction until the end of experiment. The expression of TGF-131 and BMP-2 mRNA in the experimental group was significantly up-regulated after one, two and four weeks, and expression of VEGF mRNA was significantly increased after one and two weeks compared with that in the control group. Conclusion The findings indicate that local administration of simvastatin can influence alveolar bone remodeling by regulating the expression of a school of growth factors which are crucial to osteogenesis in the tooth extraction socket.

Pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture potentiates the expression of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in rat brains

The expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 is known to confer protective effects on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.The current study investigated the expression levels of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in response to multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at acupoints Zusanli（ST36）and Fengchi（GB20） stimulation.Rats were divided into five groups：uninjured,control,non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36. Rats in the non-acupoint,GB20 and ST36 groups received 30 minutes（3 times or 18 times）of electro-acupuncture stimulation before experimental cerebral ischemia was induced.Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were found to be significantly increased in the ST36 groups with either 3 or 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.The production was higher with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments in the ST36 groups（P〈0.05）.In the GB20 groups,significant increase was only observed in transforming growth factor-beta 1 with 18 electro-acupuncture treatments（P〈0.05）.No significant elevation of the level of transforming growth factor-beta 1 was observed in the non-acupoint groups.However,the production of Bcl-2 increased with 18 treatments in the non-acupoint groups（P〈0.05）.The data suggest that multiple pre-ischemia electro-acupuncture at ST36 was effective in conferring neuroprotective effect on the brain by means of upregulation of Bcl-2 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 and the effect was increase with the number of treatment.

Celastrol inhibits migration, proliferation and transforming growth factor-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of celastrol in inhibiting lens epithelial cells(LECs) fibrosis, which is the pathological basis of cataract.METHODS: Human LEC line SRA01/04 was treated with celastrol and transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2). Wound-healing assay, proliferation assay, flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR), Western blot and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect the pathological changes of celastrol on LECs. Then, we cultured Sprague-Dawley rat lens in medium as a semi-in vivo model to find the function of celastrol further.RESULTS: We found that celastrol inhibited the migration of LECs, as well as proliferation(P<0.05). In addition, it induced the G2/M phase arrest by cell cyclerelated proteins(P<0.01). Moreover, celastrol inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) by the blockade of TGF-β/Smad and Jagged/Notch signaling pathways.CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that celastrol could inhibit TGF-β2-induced lens fibrosis and raises the possibility that celastrol could be a potential novel drug in prevention and treatment of fibrotic cataract.

Transforming growth factor-β2 induces morphological alteration of human corneal endothelial cells in vitro

AIM:To investigate the morphological altering effect of transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2) on untransfected human corneal endothelial cells(HCECs)in vitro.METHODS:After untransfected HCECs were treated with TGF-β2 at different concentrations, the morphology,cytoskeleton distribution, and type IV collagen expression of the cells were examined with inverted contrast light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy,immunofluorescence or Western Blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 at the concentration of 3-15 μg/L had obviously alterative effects on HCECs morphology in dose and time-dependent manner, and 9 μg/L was the peak concentration. TGF-β2(9 μg/L) altered HCE cell morphology after treatment for 36 h, increased the mean optical density(P 【0.01) and the length of F-actin,reduced the mean optical density(P 【0.01) of the collagen type IV in extracellular matrix(ECM) and induced the rearrangement of F-actin, microtubule in cytoplasm and collagen type IV in ECM after treatment for 72 h.·CONCLUTION: TGF-β2 has obviously alterative effect on the morphology of HCECs from polygonal phenotype to enlarged spindle-shaped phenotype, in dose and time-dependence manner by inducing more, elongation and alignment of F-actin, rearrangement of microtubule and larger spread area of collagen type IV.

Silencing transformer and transformer-2 in Zeugodacus cucurbitae causes defective sex determination with inviability of most pseudomales

transformer is a switch gene for sex determination in many insects, which cooperates with transformer-2 that is expressed in both sexes to regulate female differentiation, particularly in dipterans. Zeugodacus cucurbitae(Coquillett) is a very destructive pest worldwide, however, its sex determination pathway remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the female sex ratio is sharply reduced with knockdown of either transformer or transformer-2 by RNA interference in early embryos of Z. cucurbitae. Most of the males grown from the embryos with transient transformer and transformer-2 suppression mated with wild-type females and produced mixed sex progeny, with one exception that produced only female progeny, and all of the few remaining males failed to mate with wild-type females and produced no progeny. The exceptional male and those males with mating failure were XX pseudomales as determined by the detection of Y chromosome-linked Maleness-on-the-Y, indicating that most XX pseudomales are not viable. The phenotypes of transformer and transformer-2 suggest that they play a key role in regulating sex determination and are required for female sexual development of Z. cucurbitae. Our results will be beneficial to the understanding of sex determination in Z. cucurbitae and can facilitate the development of genetic sexing strains for its biological control.

Dab2 attenuates brain injury in APP/PS1 mice via targeting transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signaling

Transforming growth factor-beta （TGF-β） type II receptor （TβRⅡ） levels are extremely low in the brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer＇s disease. This receptor inhibits TGF-β1/SMAD signaling and thereby aggravates amyolid-beta deposition and neuronal injury. Dab2, a specific adapter protein, protects T RII from degradation and ensures the effective conduction of TGF-β 1/SMAD signaling. In this study, we used an adenoviral vector to overexpress the Dab2 gene in the mouse hippocampus and investigated the regulatory effect of Dab2 protein on TGF-β1/SMAD signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer＇s disease, and the potential neuroprotective effect. The results showed that the TβRⅡ level was lower.in APP/PS1 mouse hippocampus than in normal mouse hippocampus. After Dab2 expression, hippocampal TβRⅡ and p-SMAD2/3 levels were signifi- cantly increased, while amyloid-beta deposition, microglia activation, tumor necrosis factor- and interleulin-6 levels and neuronal loss were significantly attenuated in APP/PS1 mouse brain tissue. These results suggest that Dab2 can exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer＇s disease by regulating TGF-β1/SMAD signaling.

Hydration transformation behaviors of CO_(2) and excellent anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cell

Skin care products with carbonic acid(H_(2)CO_(3))have gained extensive attention worldwide.However,the conversion of CO_(2) to H_(2)CO_(3) is not stable,and the mechanism of the effect of H_(2)CO_(3) on skin care has not been clearly proved.The hydration-dissolution behaviors of CO_(2) were investigated under different temperature,pH,and pressure conditions.Moreover,based on the phenomenon of CO_(2) hydration transformation,the inflammatory effect of CO_(2) hydrate on macrophages(RAW 264.7)was investigated.The result shows that the increase in temperature weakened the hydration of CO_(2),and the increase in pH and pressure both promoted the water-phase transformation of CO_(2).When pH<6,CO_(2) reacts with water to generate H_(2)CO_(3).When pH was between 6-7,the prompt solution was a mixture of H_(2)CO_(3) and HCO_(3)^(-).When the pH was between 7-9,they mainly generated HCO_(3)^(-).And when pH>9,CO_(2) solubility mainly converts to CO_(3)^(2-).Besides,CO_(2) can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors by RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the p38 protein.CO_(2) hydrate inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,and up-regulated the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.Furthermore,the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of CO_(2) hydration inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38.The hydration-dissolution behavior of CO_(2) was investigated.This work revealed the anti-inflammatory bioeffect of CO_(2) hydrate,providing a theoretical basis and application support for CO_(2) skin care products.

Alendronate disturbs femoral growth due to changes during immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in epiphyseal plate

BACKGROUND The epiphyseal growth plate is an important anatomical segment localized on the ends of a long bone.Despite the abovementioned atractive reasons for alendronate’s use,few data on the effect of alendronate during epiphyseal growth exist.AIM Verify the effect of alendronate on the growth epiphyseal plate,and compare its effect with the size of the femur during the double-staining of the immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2)in endochondral ossifing in specimens that have received alendronate.METHODS Forty newborn rats were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(were given applications of 1 mg/kg physiologic saline)and a group that received Alendronate(a dose of 2.5 mg/kg).These groups were then divided into two subgroups for euthanasia in two and 12 d of life.After euthanasia,the femurs were removed,and the femoral bones were measured linearly between the apex of the greater trochanter until the lower intercondylar midlle face to verify the probable bone growth between 3 and 12 d in control and alednroanto treated rats.Posteriorly,the surgical pieces were also sent to the histopathology laboratory to produce histological slides.The obtained slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to measure each of the cartilage zones in endochondral development.and other slides were immunohistochemically tested for anti-TGF-β1 and BMP-2 antibodies to investigate the immunolocalization of these proteins in the epiphyseal plaque area.RESULTS On the third day,some diferences between the control group and specimens treated with alendronate were verified.Macroscopiccaly,we found similarities in size between the femoral bones when we compared the control group with the specimens that received alendronate.On the 12^th day,the bone size of the mice receiving the drug was significantly smaller than those of the control group.These results coincide with changes in the TGF-β1 and BMP-2 expression.In the specimens that received alendronate,the TGF-β1 was expressed in some sites of trabecular bone that was neoformed,peripherally to the bone marrow area.The BMP-2 was also positive in proliferative chondrocytes and hypertrofic chondrocytes.On the 12^th day,all layers of chondrocytes exhibited positivity for BMP-2 in the specimens that received alendronate.In the interface between the trabecular bone and cartilage,an area of disorganized bone deposition was evident.Neoformed bone also appeared to be different at 12 d.In the control group,BMP-2 was positive in an intense area of bone trabeculae,whereas the alendronate-treated group showed TGF-β1 positive trabeculae and a greater bone area.CONCLUSION Alendronate alters the immunolocalization of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 simultaneously,a condition that changes the usual histological aspects of the cartilage zone and impairs epiphysis growth and femur growth.

Cross-talk between microRNA-let7c and transforming growth factor-β2 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells

AIM: To explore the roles of microRNA-let7 c(miR-let7 c) and transforming growth factor-β2(TGF-β2) and cellular signaling during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: Retinal pigment epithelial(ARPE-19) cells were cultured with no serum for 12 h, and then with recombinant human TGF-β2 for different lengths of time. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with 1×106 TU/mL miR-let7 c mimcs(miR-let7 cM), miR-let7 c mimcs negative control(miR-let7cMNC) and miR-let7 c inhibitor(miR-let7 cI) using the transfection reagent. The expression of keratin-18, vimentin, N-cadherin, IKB alpha, p65 were detected by Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The expression of miR-let7c was dramatically reduced and the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathway was activated after induction by TGF-β2(P<0.05). In turn, overexpressed miR-let7 c significantly inhibited TGF-β2-induced EMT(P<0.05). However, miR-let7 c was unable to inhibit TGF-β2-induced EMT when the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited by BAY11-7082(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The miR-let7 c regulates TGF-β2-induced EMT through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ARPE-19 cells.

Effects of transforming growth factor β2 and connective tissue growth factor on induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix synthesis in human lens epithelial cells

AIM:To Investigate the effects of transforming growth factorβ2(TGF-β2)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)on transdifferentiation of human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)cultured in vitro and synthesis of extracellular matrix(ECM).METHODS:HLECs were treated with TGF-β2(0,0.5,1.0,5,10μg/L)and CTGF(0,15,30,60,100μg/L)for different times(0,24,48,72h)in vitro and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),the main component of the extracellular matrix typeⅠcollagen(Col-1)and fibronectin(Fn)were measured by using real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western-blot.RESULTS:TGF-β2 and CTGF significantly increased expression ofα-SMA mRNA and protein(P【0.05,P【0.001),Fn mRNA and protein(P【0.001),Col-1 mRNA and protein(P【0.001).TGF-β2 could induce HLECs expression of CTGF mRNA and protein in dosedependent manner(P【0.05,P【0.001).TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs to expressα-SMA,Fn and Col-1 in time-dependent manner.Each time of TGF-β2and CTGF induced HELCs expression ofα-SMA,Fn,Col-1 mRNA and protein was significant increase compared with control(P【0.05,P【0.001).CONCLUSION:TGF-β2 and CTGF could induce HLECs epithelial mesenchymal transition and ECM synthesis.

Effect of NF-κB p65 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2

AIM：To study the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B p65（NF-κB p65）antisense oligodeoxynucleotide（ASODN）on transdifferentiation of normal human lens epithelial cells induced by transforming growth factor-β2（TGF-β2）.·M ETHODS：NF-κBp65ASODNand NF-κBp65missense oligodeoxynucleotide（MSODN）were designed and synthesized.Human lens epithelial cell line（HLE B-3）cells were prepared for study and divided into 7 groups.Control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured in dulbecco’s modified eagle medium（DMEM）.T1,T2,and T3 group were HLE B-3 cells cultured in DMEM with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 6h,12h,24h respectively.A＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 ASODN for 24h.M＋T group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after transfected by NF-κB p65 MSODN for 24h.The negative control group was HLE B-3 cells cultured with 10 ng/m L TGF-β2 for 24h after cultured with transfer agent（Hi Per Fect）for 24h.Cell morphology was observed at different time points using an inverted microscope.The expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）,and the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）protein was assayed with ELISA.·RESULTS：With the TGF-β2 stimulation prolongation,the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA and a-SMA protein increased in T1,T2,T3 groups compared with the control group,and the difference was statistically significant（〈0.05）.NF-κB p65 ASODN lowered the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.NF-κB p65 MSODN and Hi Per Fect did not lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2.The difference between control group and A＋T group was not statistically significant（〉0.05）,but the difference among A＋T group and other groups was statistically significant（〈0.05）.·CONCLUSION：NF-κB p65 ASODN could lower the expression of NF-κB p65 m RNA andα-SMA protein induced by TGF-β2,and antagonized TGF-β2-induced transdifferentiation of HLE B-3.NF-κB p65ASODN could be used as a new biological therapeutic target of posterior capsular opacification.

CO2 Transformation at Controlled Temperature with Lithium Hydroxide Solution and Metallic Lithium

This paper presents a study on CO2 atmospheric transformation which was reacted directly with lithium hydroxide solution and metallic lithium. This solution was obtained through the reaction between metallic lithium and deionized water where hydrogen is produced and by exposing the metal at ambient conditions. In the transformation process, atmospheric CO2 gas reacts directly with LiOH solution, in both cases, the CO2 transformation kinetics was different. For this purpose, reactions between CO2 and LiOH solution were carried out under controlled temperature and the second process only with metallic lithium, which was exposed at room temperature, however, in these two processes lithium carbonate oxide was formed and identified. According to the results, the efficiency in CO2 transformation is a function of temperature value which was variable until completely obtaining the by-product, its XRD characterization indicated the formation only of Li2CO3 in both procedures. Under laboratory conditions lithium compounds selectively reacted with CO2. In the same way, there is an alternative procedure to obtain LiOH and Li2CO3 for different applications in various areas.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Patients with the Early Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Hepatectomy

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) are modulated in variety cancers including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a paucity of data concerning their role in the pathologic process of recurrence of HCC following hepatectomy. We herein assessed the role of the hepatic expression of COX-2 and TGF-β as predictors for patients with early recurrence within 2 years of HCC diagnosis. Methods: Sixty patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy between 2000 and 2003 were entered in the present study. The immunoreactivity and distribution patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1 were examined in both the HCC and the adjacent nonHCC tissues of the liver. Risk factors of tumor recurrence within 2 years, including COX-2 and TGF-β1 expression, were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among 60 patients, 31 patients had early recurrences within 2 years and 14 patients recurred after 2 years following surgery. Patients with low COX-2 expression in the HCC tissues and adjacent nonHCC tissues had favorable disease-free survival (p = 0.002 and p β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had also longer disease-free survival (p = 0.045). Based on the expression patterns of COX-2 and TGF-β1, patients with low COX-2 and positive TGF-β1 expression in the nonHCC tissues had favorable overall and disease-free survival (p β1 signaling in nontumor tissues suggested high risk of recurrence and poor survival to the HCC patients following hepatectomy.

EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR β AND RECOMBINANT HUMAN BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2 ON HUMAN PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT FIBROBLASTS

Objective To evaluate the effects of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs). Methods HPDLFs were done primary culture to detect the distinct concentrations of TGF-P and rhBMF2 on its proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OC) synthesis and formation of the minerali-zed nodules, respectively. Results TGF-β (5～100ng/ml) significantly stimulated the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity of HPDLFs was evaluated evidently by 5ng/ml TGF-β. TGF-β( 0. 5 ～ 100ng/ml) had no effects on OC synthesis and formation of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs. rhBMP2 (0. 25～2mg/ ml) had no remarkable effect on the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity, OC synthesis and forma-tion of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs were significantly stimulated by 0. 5～ 2mg /ml rhBMP2. Conclusion The effects of TGF-β and rhBMP2 on HPDLFs are dose-dependent. TGF-P can stimulate HPDLFs to express the early marker of osteoblastic phenotype, and it lacks the ability to promote maturation of the osteogenic phenotype. rhBMP2 can not only stimulate the expression but also promote the maturation of osteoblas-tic phenotype of HPDLFs.

Effect of Na_2O on alumina leaching property and phase transformation of MgO-containing calcium aluminate slags

In order to remove or reduce the negative effect of MgO in calcium aluminate slags, the method of adding Na2O into calcium aluminate slags was studied and its effect on leaching mechanism was also analyzed. The results show that the alumina leaching efficiency of the calcium aluminate slag increases from 68.73% to 80.86% with Na2O content increasing from 0 to 4% when MgO content is 3%. The XRD results show that the quaternary compound C20A13M3S3 disappears when Na2O content increases to 4%. The addition of Na2O cannot remove the negative effect of MgO on leachability completely. XRD and EDS results indicate that Na2O can come into the lattice of 12CaO·7Al2O3 and promote the formation of 12CaO·7Al2O3

增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体中转化生长因子β_2的定量分析

目的 :通过对增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变 (proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者玻璃体中转化生长因子 β2(TGF-β2 )含量的研究 ,探讨 TGF-β2 在 PDR病理过程中的作用。 方法 :应用酶联免疫吸附测定法对 10例 (10只眼 )正常人及2 4例 (2 4只眼 ) PDR患者玻璃体中 TGF- β2 的含量进行检测和分析。 结果 :10例正常人玻璃体中 ,TGF- β2 的含量为 (1.2 7±0 .6 9) ng/ml;2 4例 PDR患者玻璃体中 ,TGF- β2 的含量为 (4 .89± 3.5 1) ng/ml。两组比较 ,PDR组的玻璃体中 TGF- β2 的含量明显升高 ,差异非常显著 (P<0 .0 1)。将糖尿病视网膜病 期及 期 14例 (14只眼 )患者列为一组 ,10例 (10只眼 ) 期患者另列一组 ,玻璃体中 TGF- β2 的含量分别为 (6 .0 7± 4.0 5 )及 (2 .84± 1.72 ) ng/m l,两组间比较有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。它们分别与正常对照组比较也有非常显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)和显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :PDR患者玻璃体中 TGF- β2 的含量升高 ,提示 TGF- β2 在

老年核性及皮质性白内障晶状体上皮细胞中TGF-β_2的表达

目的 :比较老年核性及皮质性白内障晶状体上皮细胞中转化生长因子 β2 (TGF β2 )mRNA的表达有无差异 ,结合两种类型白内障晶状体上皮细胞的增殖状态 ,探讨其发病机理。方法 :将老年核性与皮质性白内障的患者分为两组 ,每组 4 0例 (男、女比例 1∶1) ,于白内障超声乳化术中截取其前囊膜 (含晶状体上皮细胞 ) ,用RT PCR的方法检测出每组晶状体上皮细胞中TGF β2 mRNA的水平 ,两组间u检验作统计学分析。结果 :老年核性白内障组晶状体上皮细胞中TGF β2 mRNA的水平低于老年皮质性白内障组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :TGF β2 通过调节晶状体上皮细胞增殖状态 ,从而在白内障发生过程中起重要作用。老年核性白内障的发生与晶状体上皮细胞增殖有关 ,而皮质性白内障的发生与晶状体上皮细胞的退行性变有关。

TGF-β_2对树突状细胞表型和功能的影响

目的 :研究转化生长因子 β2 (TGF β2 )对树突状细胞 (dendriticcells ,DC)表型和功能的影响 .方法 :体外培养骨髓来源的DC(BMDC)及TGF β2 诱导的DC(TGFβ2 DC) .采用双色免疫荧光化学染色或流式细胞仪 (FCM)分析DC的细胞表型 .分离纯化脾脏来源的同种异体T细胞和CD4 + T细胞 .用BMDC及TGFβ2 DC刺激T细胞增殖 ,并用混合淋巴细胞反应 (MLR)测定其能力 .在CD4 + T细胞与BMDC或TGFβ2 DC共培养 5d后 ,用FCM检测CD4 + T细胞表型的变化 .结果 :BMDC表现为CD11c ,CD86 ,MHCclassII+和CD8а-的髓系DC .TGF β2 的诱导抑制了DC表面协同刺激分子、MHCclassII的表达 (P <0 .0 1) ,并抑制其刺激同种异体T细胞增殖的能力 .与BMDC诱导的CD4 + T细胞相比 ,TGFβ2 DC诱导的CD4 + T细胞CD15 2 (细胞毒T淋巴细胞相关分子 4 ,CTLA 4 )表达上升 (P <0 .0 1) .结论 :TGF β2 的诱导促使DC表面协同刺激因子表达下降 ,T细胞合成CTLA 4增加 。