Sulforaphane prevents LPS‑induced inflammation by regulating the Nrf2‑mediated autophagy pathway in goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis

Background Mastitis not only deteriorates the composition or quality of milk,but also damages the health and pro-ductivity of dairy goats.Sulforaphane(SFN)is a phytochemical isothiocyanate compound with various pharmacologi-cal effects such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory.However,the effect of SFN on mastitis has yet to be elucidated.This study aimed to explore the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and potential molecular mechanisms of SFN in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced primary goat mammary epithelial cells(GMECs)and a mouse model of mastitis.Results In vitro,SFN downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors(tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6),inhibited the protein expression of inflammatory mediators(cyclooxygenase-2(COX2),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS))while suppressing nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)activation in LPS-induced GMECs.Additionally,SFN exhibited an antioxidant effect by increasing Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation,up-regulating antioxidant enzymes expression,and decreasing LPS-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)produc-tion in GMECs.Furthermore,SFN pretreatment promoted the autophagy pathway,which was dependent on the increased Nrf2 level,and contributed significantly to the improved LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response.In vivo,SFN effectively alleviated histopathological lesions,suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors,enhanced immunohistochemistry staining of Nrf2,and amplified of LC3 puncta LPS-induced mastitis in mice.Mechanically,the in vitro and in vivo study showed that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of SFN were mediated by the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in GMECs and a mouse model of mastitis.Conclusions These results indicate that the natural compound SFN has a preventive effect on LPS-induced inflam-mation through by regulating the Nrf2-mediated autophagy pathway in primary goat mammary epithelial cells and a mouse model of mastitis,which may improve prevention strategies for mastitis in dairy goats.

Construction of Antibacterial Peptide CecropinB Eukaryotic Recombinant Vector and Its Expression in Dairy Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells

To investigate the expression of antibacterial peptide CecropinB cDNA in dairy goat mammary gland epithelial cells,the CecropinB gene was cloned and was inserted into a eukaryotic vector pECFP-C1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pECFP-B by genetic engineering technique.Recombinant plasmid pECFP-B was transfected into dairy goat mammary gland epithelial to detect the bactericidal activity of CecropinB.The expression of CecropinB was also detected.The result of RT-PCR demonstrated CecropinB gene was expressed in transfected cells.CecropinB recombinant plasmid DNA was injected into udders and CecropinB was expressed in mammary gland,exhibiting bactericidal activity to Staphylococcus aureus in vivo experiments.

Stable Expression of Antibacterial Peptide CecropinB in Dairy Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells

The paper aimed at constructing the eukaryotic expression vector of CecropinB and transfecting it into the goat mammary epithelial cell line. The recombinant plasmid inserted with CecropinB was transfected into the goat mammary epithelial cell by liposome Tfx^M-20. By screening with G418, the stable transfected goat mammary epithelial cell line was established and the transcription and expression of CecropinB were identified by RT-PCR and agarose diffusion experiment, respectively. Results showed that eukaryotic expression vector pECFP-B was constructed successfully. Stable transfected goat mammary epithelial cell line was established and the CecropinB protein was expressed successfully. It provides the solid foundation for further experimental studies on the function of CecropinB.

Influence on Cellular Signal Transduction Pathway in Dairy Cow Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells by Galactopoietic Compound Isolated from Vaccariae segetalis

The galactopoietic mechanism of Vaccaria segetalis is still unknown. Understanding dibutyl phthalate （DBP） separated from Vaccaria segetalis on the expression of lactation signal transduction genes of mammary gland epithelial cells, including prlr, erα, akt1, socs2, pparγ and elf5, will be helpful to reveal the molecular mechanism. Western blot and qRT- PCR were used to study the change of prlr, erα, akt, socs2, pparγ, and elf5 expression at mRNA and protein level. Co- localization expression of prolactin receptor （PRLR） and estrogen receptor α （ERα） was observed by immunofluorescence; the expression changes of miRNAs （21, 125b, 143, and 195） and the secretion of β-casein and lactose were detected by qRT-PCR and RP-HPLC. The results showed that Vaccaria segetalis active compound had similar fuctions as estrogen and/or prolactin （PRL） in dairy cow mammary gland epithelial cells （DCMECs）, increased the expressions of prlr, erα, akt1, and elf5 genes, while repressed pparγ expressions. DBP promoted socs2 mRNA expression, but its protein expressions were repressed. Furthermore, both DBP and PRL could repress the expressions of miRNA-125b, miRNA-143 and miRNA- 195 in DCMECs. DBP could repress the expression of miRNA-21, while the influence of PRL on miRNA-21 was not certain. DBP could promote the lactation ability of DCMECs by regulating the ER and PRLR cellular signal transduction pathway.

miR-25 modulates triacylglycerol and lipid accumulation in goat mammary epithelial cells by repressing PGC-1beta

Background: The goat(Caprahircus) is one of the most important livestock animals. Goat milk fat is an important component in the nutritional quality of goat milk. Growing evidence points to the critical roles of microRNAs(miRNAs) in lipid metabolism.Results: Using a highly sensitive method of S-poly(T) plus for miRNAs detection, we analyze the expression patterns of 715 miRNAs in goat mammary gland tissues at different stages of lactation. We observed that miR-25 expression had an inverse relationship with milk production. Overexpression of miR-25 significantly repressed triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation. To explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-25 in milk lipid metabolism,we analyzed its putative target genes with bioinformatics analysis followed by 3′-UTR assays. Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta(PGC-1 beta), a key regulator of lipogenics was identified as a direct target of miR-25 with three specific sites within its 3′-UTR. In addition, miR-25 mimics in goat mammary epithelial cells reduced the expressions of genes involved in lipid metabolism.Conclusions: Taken together, our results show miR-25 is potentially involved in lipid metabolism and we reveal the function of the miR-25/PGC-1 beta regulatory axis during lactation.

Metabolic Regulation of Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cow by Galactopoietic Compound Isolated from Vaccariae segetalis

In previous experiment, we isolated a compound dibutyl phthalate （DBP） from Vaccaria segetalis which had galactopoietic function on mammary gland epithelial cells of dairy cow （DCMECs）. In this experiment, we ascertained the metabolic regulation function of DBP on DCMECs. Many genes related to lactation including Stat5, AMPK, b-casein, Glut1, SREBP-1, PEPCK, and ACC were detected by real-time PCR. Furthermore, Stat5 and AMPK were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence co-localization, respectively. The results showed that DBP stimulates the expression of Stat5 and p-Stat5, thus activates Stat5 cell signal transduction pathway and stimulates b-casein synthesis. DBP also raises the activities of Glut1 and AMPK to stimulate glucose uptake and glycometabolism and activates the expression of AMPK downstream target genes PEPCK and ACC and expression of SREBP-1 to stimulate milk fat synthesis. In addition, the activities of HK, G-6-PDH, ICDH, ATPase, and energy charges were stimulated by DBP to increase the energy metabolism level of DCMECs. The results showed DBP stimulates energy metabolism related to galactopoietic function in DCMECs.

The Effects of Insulin and Prolactin on an Epithelial Cell Line from Mammary Gland of Dairy Goat

Mammary epithelial cells with lactational function can be a valuable cellular model for research of the development and regulation of the mammary gland.This paper describes some aspects of function of an epithelial cell line from the mammary gland of the dairy goat.SDS-PAGE,triglyceride and lactose content of cultured cells were used to assess synthetic function of cells and the effects of exposure to insulin and prolactin.Results show that goat mammary epithelial cells can synthesize fat,proteins and lactose when they were cultured in DMEM-F12 medium with added EGF,IGF-1,ITS and FBS.There were no obvious changes after 48h treatment with additional insulin.Prolactin added to the basal medium significantly increased synthesis of proteins and lactose.A mammary gland epithelial cell line from goats which has lactational function has been established.This outcome provides a valuable and convenient model system.

Induced in vitro Expression of Human Lactoferrin in Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cell

[客观]这研究的目的是在山羊乳腺的 vitro 探索导致的表示的技术系统上皮的房间，并且评估在房间的特定的向量和外国蛋白质铺平的乳腺的表达式效率[方法]山羊乳腺由人的 lactoferrin 基因的上皮的房间 transfected 被 culturing 在与 5 mg/L 胰岛素补充的 DMEM/F12 媒介征调， 5 mg/L 催乳激素和 1 mg/L hydrocortisone.Supernatant 每 6 个小时和 concentrated.Expression

Effect of Different Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide on Expression of NF-κB and LAP in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cow

The paper was to study the effects of different concentrations of lipopelysaccharide （LPS） on expression of nuclear factor Kappa B （NF-κB） and lingual antimicrobial peptide （LAP） gene in mammary epithelial ceils of dairy cow. The mammary epithelial ceils of dairy cow were stimulated by different concentrations （50, 100,200,400 and 800 ng/mL） of LPS. The total RNA of cells was extracted after stimulation for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, and the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB P65 and LAP were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the expression of NF-κB P65 and LAP mRNA treated with 400 ng/mL LPS for 72 h were the highest compared to the control group （ P 〈0.01 ）. The result confirmed that the expression activity of NF-κB was enhanced in inflammatory effects of inammary epithelial cells induced by LPS, which regulated the expression of defense gene LAP, with certain dose and time effects.

大肠杆菌感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺组织致其线粒体损伤的机制研究

旨在探究大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)感染奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺组织致其线粒体损伤的机制。本试验以奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺为研究对象,按试验要求分别随机分成3组:空白对照(Control)组、大肠杆菌(E.coli)组和脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)组。Control组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺未被E.coli感染;E.coli组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺被感染复数为5或106 CFU的E.coli感染6或24 h,LPS组奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺经1μg·mL^(-1)或20 mg·kg^(-1)体重LPS处理6或24 h,奶牛乳腺上皮细胞每组3个重复,小鼠乳腺每组6只小鼠。结果表明:1)奶牛乳腺上皮细胞胞浆中角18蛋白被染成绿色且均匀分布在细胞浆内,细胞核被DAPI染成蓝色。2)正常培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞内线粒体结构完整,细胞连接紧密;经E.coli感染的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞细胞间隙增大,线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴缺失且部分模糊消失。3)E.coli感染或LPS处理使小鼠乳腺腺泡内出现中性粒细胞,且使奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺线粒体能量代谢(D(520 nm)吸光值、ATP的含量、线粒体电子传递链复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ活性降低)、线粒体的融合与分裂(Drp1、Fis1、Mfn1、Mfn 2和OPA 1 mRNA表达减少)和线粒体的生物发生(PGC-1α、NRF1、TFAM和D-Loop的基因表达下降)极显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。上述研究表明,E.coli感染主要通过LPS造成奶牛乳腺上皮细胞和小鼠乳腺线粒体能量代谢紊乱、抑制线粒体分裂与融合以及减少线粒体的生物发生,进而造成线粒体损伤,最终导致乳腺炎的发生。因此,确认E.coli感染是通过诱导线粒体损伤造成奶牛乳腺炎,且线粒体损伤可能是造成乳腺损伤的重要原因之一。

miR-455-3p对奶山羊化学诱导乳腺上皮细胞乳脂代谢的影响

【目的】探讨miR-455-3p对奶山羊化学诱导乳腺上皮细胞(CiMECs)乳脂代谢的影响,为研究微小RNA(miRNA)对山羊乳腺功能的调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】利用单一小分子化合物RepSox(TGFβR-1/ALK5抑制剂)诱导山羊成纤维细胞(GEFs),诱导8 d后观察细胞形态变化,采用特异性标记物免疫荧光染色和油红O染色鉴定CiMECs是否诱导成功。使用脂质体将miR-455-3p的过表达载体(miR-455-3p mimics、miR-455-3p mimics-NC)和干扰载体(miR-455-3p inhibitors、miR-455-3p inhibitors-NC)转染至CiMECs,通过细胞增殖及毒性检测(CCK-8)试剂盒、甘油三酯检测试剂盒、实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-455-3p对于CiMECs的增殖率、甘油三酯分泌情况及乳脂代谢基因表达量。【结果】GEFs诱导8 d后形成类似于山羊乳腺上皮细胞的岛状、多核和鹅卵石状细胞形状。免疫荧光结果显示,CiMECs可表达上皮特异性标志物抗原,包括细胞角蛋白14(CK14)和CK18;油红O染色结果显示,诱导后的细胞具有分泌脂滴的功能。CiMECs转染结果显示,miR-455-3p mimics极显著促进了miR-455-3p的表达(P<0.01),miR-455-3p inhibitors显著抑制了miR-455-3p的表达(P<0.05)。CCK-8及甘油三酯检测结果表明,与对照组相比,miR-455-3p mimics组细胞增殖率、甘油三酯分泌量均极显著降低(P<0.01),miR-455-3p inhibitors组细胞增殖率、甘油三酯分泌量均显著增加(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,诱导后CiMECs中HADHB基因表达量极显著降低(P<0.01);miR-455-3p mimics组HADHB基因表达量极显著升高(P<0.01),miR-455-3p inhibitors组HADHB基因表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】通过抑制miR-455-3p可促进奶山羊CiMECs增殖,降低脂肪代谢基因HADHB的表达,从而提高山羊奶中脂肪酸含量。研究结果可为后续利用miRNA改善山羊乳品质提供参考。

抑制miR-142-3p对奶山羊化学诱导乳腺上皮细胞泌乳功能的影响

【目的】探索miR-142-3p对奶山羊化学诱导乳腺上皮细胞(chemical induced mammary epithelial cells,CiMECs)体外泌乳功能的调节作用,旨在为促进转基因乳腺生物反应器的发展以及“培养皿奶”的商业化生产奠定基础和提供新的思路。【方法】选取奶山羊耳缘成纤维细胞(GEFs)为研究材料,经单一小分子化合物TGFβR-1/ALK5的抑制剂(RepSox)诱导8 d后,分别从细胞的形态变化、特异性标记物免疫荧光染色以及油红O染色对其进行鉴定。之后运用脂质体转染技术在诱导成功的奶山羊CiMECs中分别转染miR-142-3p的抑制物(miR-142-3p inhibitor)及抑制物对照(inhibitor-NC),不转染的细胞作为空白对照(BC),转染24 h后,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-142-3p的表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖率,Western blotting检测β-酪蛋白(β-casein)的表达量,甘油三酯酶法测定甘油三酯的含量。【结果】GEFs诱导8 d后形成岛屿状多核仁样的上皮样聚集;免疫荧光染色结果显示,诱导后的GEFs表达乳腺上皮细胞(MECs)的特异性标记物细胞角蛋白14(CK14)和CK18;油红O染色结果显示,诱导后的GEFs细胞质内弥散分布着大小不等被染上红色的脂滴,表明成功获得了具有泌乳功能的奶山羊CiMECs。奶山羊CiMECs转染试验结果显示,与空白对照组相比,miR-142-3p inhibitor组miR-142-3p的相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),inhibitor-NC组miR-142-3p表达量无显著差异(P>0.05);miR-142-3p inhibitor组奶山羊CiMECs的增殖率、β-casein表达量及甘油三酯分泌量均显著增加(P<0.05),inhibitor-NC组奶山羊CiMECs的增殖率、β-casein表达量及甘油三酯分泌量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】GEFs经RepSox诱导8 d可成功转变为具有泌乳功能的奶山羊CiMECs,抑制miR-142-3p可显著促进奶山羊CiMECs的增殖并增加β-casein表达量及甘油三酯的分泌量,从而影响泌乳功能。

枸杞多糖的分离纯化及其体外抗增殖和抗炎活性分析

研究不同枸杞(Lyciumbarbarum,Gouqi,GQ)多糖组分对苯甲酸雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)及黄体酮(Progesterone,P)联合诱导小鼠乳腺上皮细胞(HC11细胞)增殖的抑制作用的影响。通过水提醇沉及柱分离法获得不同组分;并对其分子量及体外抗增殖、抗炎症作用进行初步分析。结果显示,枸杞粗多糖通过DEAE-52离子色谱柱和Sephadex G-50凝胶柱洗脱出7种多糖组分,分别为GQ-01、GQ-02、GQ-03、GQ-04、GQ-05、GQ-06、GQ-07,其平均相对分子量分别为113 ku、<1 ku、367 ku、613 ku、81 ku、110 ku、<1 ku。选用不同浓度枸杞多糖(5、25、125、250、500、1000μg/mL)处理HC11细胞,发现250μg/mL(GQ-01、GQ-04及GQ-06)可显著抑制E2(25μg/mL)+P(250μg/mL)联合诱导的HC11细胞增殖活性,分别降低了28.13%、26.74%、30.83%(P<0.01);GQ-01及GQ-06可调节G0/G1与G2/M期转变而影响细胞周期的分布;与模型组相比,GQ-06可极显著抑制E2+P联合诱导雌激素受体(ERα)水平,降低了5.54%(P<0.01);GQ-04及GQ-06可显著抑制LPS诱导RAW264.7细胞的NO水平的产生,与模型组相比NO水平分别降低了13.43%、12.65%(P<0.05)。该研究表明,GQ-06可能通过影响细胞周期分布及抑制ERα的水平,从而抑制乳腺上皮细胞过度增殖;此外,还可抑制LPS诱导RAW364.7细胞中NO的释放,降低细胞的炎症反应。该研究将为功能性食品深度开发提供重要的理论依据。

二十二碳六烯酸对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞转录调控机理研究

本试验旨在研究二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞(GMECs)转录调控机理。试验使用不同浓度的DHA(3.125、6.250、12.500、25.000、50.000和100.000μmol/L)对GMECs进行处理,并测定细胞活力,然后利用转录组测序(RNA-Seq)技术对DHA作用的GMECs进行测序,获得并分析相关基因表达。结果表明:1)与空白对照组(无DHA处理)相比,低浓度DHA(≤25.000μmol/L)对各时间点GMECs细胞活力无明显抑制作用;当DHA浓度高于50.000μmol/L时,GMECs细胞活力出现明显下降。在不同时间点,24 h时各浓度DHA处理GMECs细胞活力高于其他时间点。因此,选择处理时间为24 h、DHA浓度为25.000μmol/L用于后续试验。2)构建DHA在GMECs中作用的RNA文库,获得的碱基质量值≥20的碱基所占百分比(Q20)和碱基质量值≥30的碱基所占百分比(Q30)均在96%以上,鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶(CG)占比为53%,各个组的比对效率为98.18%~98.43%,表明转录组信息质量较高。3)以|log10[差异倍数(FC)]|>1且P<0.05为筛选标准,共筛选出236个显著差异表达基因(DEGs),其中108个基因表达上调,128个基因表达下调。4)基因本体论(GO)富集分析发现,DEGs主要富集在铁离子结合、聚合细胞骨架纤维、中间丝状体细胞骨架和中间丝状体中,并参与Rho家族鸟苷三磷酸酶(Rho GTPases)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和Hippo等信号通路的信号转导。5)京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析发现,DEGs显著富集到视黄醇代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢、亚油酸代谢、化学致癌、药物代谢-细胞色素P450和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)信号通路。由此可知,DHA在GMECs的免疫、细胞骨架构建、抗炎、抗癌及代谢等相关通路中具有明显作用,其中亚油酸代谢、PPAR信号通路能够在脂代谢方面发挥作用。

胰岛素、催乳素对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞泌乳功能的影响

具有泌乳功能的乳腺上皮细胞可作为乳腺生长发育及泌乳功能调控机制研究的细胞模型。本研究对已建立的奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞系的泌乳功能进行评价。应用SDS-PAGE、TG试剂盒及HPLC方法对体外培养奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞总蛋白、乳脂和乳糖的分泌情况进行了测定以确定胰岛素、催乳素处理后的奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞的泌乳功能。结果表明:在添加表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1、转铁蛋白-硒钠、标准胎牛血清的DF12培养液中奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞具有乳脂、乳蛋白及乳糖的分泌能力。胰岛素处理48 h后对细胞的泌乳功能无显著影响,催乳素处理细胞48 h后可使奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳蛋白、乳糖分泌能力显著升高。从而建立了具有泌乳功能的奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞系,为奶山羊、奶牛等重要经济动物泌乳机制的研究提供了便利条件。

山羊乳腺上皮细胞的分离、培养与超微结构观察

从山羊乳腺取部分组织进行细胞培养,并通过控时消化分离纯化山羊乳腺上皮细胞,建立了山羊乳腺上皮细胞系。结果表明:用含150 U/mL I型胶原酶和100 U/mL透明质酸酶的混合液,37 ℃消化组织块4h,可得到大量的分散单细胞用于原代培养,该法是获得山羊乳腺组织单细胞的适宜方法;以含 10%胎牛血清和双抗的 RP MI1640或DEME/F12培养液为基础液,在培养液中添加氢化考的松、胰岛素样生长因子 I(IGF I)、表皮生长因子(EGF)及胰岛素 转铁蛋白 硒钠(ITS)对山羊乳腺上皮细胞的生长具有较明显的促进作用。上皮细胞显微和超微结构显示:山羊乳腺上皮细胞在体外培养过程中可形成岛屿状单层聚集和类似圆顶状的结构;传代培养到第 7 代的细胞仍增殖旺盛,细胞内有丰富的脂滴和高尔基小泡,细胞分泌活动旺盛。

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.

体外培养的山羊乳腺上皮细胞形态研究

通过有效的细胞培养方法获得山羊乳腺上皮细胞系,对这些细胞形态进行光镜观察,结果发现,细胞可形成闭合型和开放型细胞群,闭合型细胞群边界清晰,细胞之间结合紧密;开放型细胞群边界不清,细胞相互分散存在于一局限的范围内。乳腺上皮细胞与成纤维细胞混生时分区生长,界线明显;细胞之间形成许多腔状结构。纯化的乳腺上皮细胞通过单细胞悬浮后传代,部分细胞形成岛屿状聚集,部分细胞以贴壁的自由单个细胞散在形式存在。上皮细胞增殖可形成圆顶型结构,呈乳头状(称之为乳球体);乳腺上皮细胞可产生并分泌乳汁,分泌到细胞外的乳汁流动形成网状结构。山羊乳腺上皮细胞含不同的细胞类型,大多数上皮细胞呈短梭形或多角形,细胞之间紧密相靠,互相衔接,连接成片,呈蜂窝状;细胞核呈圆形或椭圆形,核仁2～4枚;部分细胞呈圆饼状,体积较大;出现部分长形细胞;部分细胞表面出现绒毛状突起;接触抑制的上皮细胞形态不均一。

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系的建立

采用组织块种植法,成功地培养了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,并利用细胞角蛋白18的免疫荧光染色对乳腺上皮细胞进行了鉴定。通过对细胞接种存活率、群体倍增时间、生长曲线、形态学等生物学性状的检测,建立并鉴定了正常培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系,细胞传至20代以上时仍保持旺盛的增殖活力。通过对细胞传代及反复冻存,建立了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞系,获得了大量的乳腺上皮细胞。

miR-200a对奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达的影响

旨在构建pAd-pri-miR-200a重组腺病毒,使其在奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞中稳定表达miR-200a,研究miR-200a对乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达的影响。以西农萨能羊DNA为模板扩增pri-miR-200a。采用Ad-Easy系统构建重组腺病毒载体pAd-pri-miR-200a,并于HEK 293细胞株中进行病毒的包装、扩繁。TCI50法测定病毒滴度。qRT-PCR检测miR-200a及16个乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达水平。序列分析结果显示,pri-miR-200a包括pre-miR-200a86bp和侧翼序列共297bp。酶切结果证实pAd-pri-miR-200a构建成功。Ad-pri-miR-200a滴度达8×109 PFU.mL-1。实时定量结果表明,Ad-pri-miR-200a(MOI为200)感染奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞72h,miR-200a的表达量较对照高出2.4倍。同时miR-200a的过表达引起10个基因mRNA表达量下调,6个基因mRNA表达量上调。其中脂肪酸从头合成相关基因FASN、脂滴生成相关基因TIP47及脂肪酸运输相关基因FABP4降幅较大,分别下降了0.47、0.89及0.65倍。而TAG生成相关基因DGAT1和脂解相关基因HSL较对照分别增加了0.52和1.49倍。本研究获得的重组腺病毒Ad-pri-miR-200a能在山羊乳腺上皮细胞中稳定表达miR-200a,同时miR-200a过表达影响乳脂合成相关基因mRNA表达水平。