Transient impact responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells

The generalized ray method(GRM) has been successfully used to study the transient elastic wave transmitting in the beams,planar trusses,space frames and infinite layered media.In this letter,the GRM is extended to investigate the early short time transient responses of laminated composite cylindrical shells under impact load.By using the Laplace transformation and referring to the boundary conditions,the ray groups transmitting in the finite laminated cylindrical shells under the shock load are obtained and the transient response related to each ray group can be derived via FFT algorithm.From the numerical results,it is shown that the early short time transient accelerations of the laminated composite cylindrical shell under impact loads are very large.But the short time transient shear strain and displacement are very small.

Viscosity Transient Phenomenon in Drop Impact Testing of Soft Material

The authors carried out drop impact tests for several soft materials under a flat frontal impact condition in which a drop hammer with a flat bottom surface strikes a plate-like soft material in the normal direction. The experimental results indicated that the impact force waveforms of soft materials consisted of a thorn-shaped waveform and a subsequent mountain-shaped waveform. The thorn-shaped waveform was strongly affected by the strain rate. In the present study, the occurrence mechanism of this distinctive waveform was discussed from the viewpoint of the viscosity transient phenomenon. A standard linear solid (SLS) model in which the viscosity transient phenomenon was considered was applied to the simulation. Some features of the impact force waveform of soft materials could be explained by the SLS model. Furthermore, the thorn-shape waveform could also be observed in the impact force waveforms of human skin and free-falling hollow balls.

某迫榴炮击针疲劳寿命仿真与提升研究

击针大多采用细长及变截面结构,在循环撞击力作用下,易引起结构应力集中及交变应力,经常出现疲劳断裂故障,严重影响自动武器的可靠性,甚至威胁到作战人员安全。某迫榴炮击针在试验中偶发断裂现象,疲劳寿命约200发左右,为了提升该击针疲劳寿命,基于载荷传递过程,建立了击针在火药气体反冲力下高速运动与限位块的瞬态撞击模型,获取击针撞击过程交变应力,通过循环载荷作用下击针疲劳寿命评估,计算击针疲劳寿命与试验现象基本一致,验证了计算模型的准确性。在此基础上,开展了不同材料击针疲劳寿命提升研究,研究表明,将击针材料由PCrNi3Mo更换为30CrNi2MoVE后,击针疲劳寿命由215发提升到1670发,提升效果显著,改进后的击针经实弹射击试验验证在规定寿命周期内未发生断裂现象。

Viscosity Transient Phenomenon during Drop Impact Testing and Its Simple Dynamics Model

Most soft materials behave as if they were hardened when subjected to an impact force. The strain rate dependence of viscosity resistance is the reason for this behavior. The authors carried out drop impact tests on several types of soft materials under the condition of a flat frontal impact. The impact force waveform of soft materials was found to consist of a thorn-shaped waveform and a succeeding mountain-shaped waveform. Based on our experimental observations, we believe that a large viscosity resistance is rapidly changed to a small resistance in the course of the impact. In the present study, the cause of this distinct waveform is discussed based on a dynamics model. The study applies a standard linear solid (SLS) model in which the viscosity transient phenomenon is considered is applied. Three types of impact force waveforms of actual soft materials are simulated using the SLS model. Some features of the impact force waveform of soft materials can be explained using the SLS model.

冲击拦阻力计算及车架结构的瞬态分析

针对采用撞击试验法来测试钢索拦阻系统的可靠性问题,这里首次基于能量法建立了轨道车拦阻动力学模型。对不同指标及不同运行速度下冲击拦阻力的变化规律进行了分析,并给出了用于描述轨道车冲击拦阻力的具体表达式。在此基础上,对不同工况下的车架进行瞬态响应分析。结果表明:在撞击初期,冲击拦阻力Fx增长迅速,当轨道车位移一定距离后,Fx增长缓慢或保持不变,直到轨道车被安全拦停;车架的前心盘以及中梁与撞击梁交界处是应力集中的区域,容易出现破坏;车架在相同撞击初速度下,使拦停距离最短的车架形变量比使最大钢索拉力值为最小的车架形变量明显要大。

涡轮起动机中斜撑离合器的瞬态冲击与楔合特性研究

将稳态楔合拓展至瞬态冲击是深入研究斜撑离合器正向设计的重要组成部分。本文从机械动力学理论出发,关联输入输出端载荷与响应特征,建立斜撑离合器冲击受载微分方程,揭示出离合器由瞬态楔合至稳态传动过程蕴含的动力学原理和一般规律。在此基础上,推导出斜撑离合器内外传动轴的综合应力分析模型,并提出运用接触应力、综合应力和楔角等指标整体考察离合器传动性能的校核方法。最后以某常见离合器部件为例,从理论计算和仿真分析两方面模拟了涡轮起动机环境下的短时受载工况,验证了本文原理和分析模型的有效性,因而对此类离合器的设计与校核分析具有重要意义。

机动飞行下磁流变阻尼器-转子系统动力学特性

航空发动机在机动飞行过程中,工作条件非常恶劣,飞行过程会产生不规则的瞬态振动,易引发故障。采用有限元法建立机动飞行下基于双线性本构方程的磁流变阻尼器-转子系统有限元模型,并利用Newmark-β数值方法进行求解,研究转子系统在机动飞行过程中的动态特性。在此基础上,考虑磁流变阻尼器作用,研究其对冲击载荷下转子系统瞬态及稳态响应的影响。结果表明,机动飞行开始和结束瞬间会产生瞬态冲击,激发转子系统一阶模态响应。在合适的电流作用下,变阻尼器可以有效抑制机动飞行过程中转子系统瞬态及稳态响应。此外,在机动飞行下,由于轴颈离心率较大,易导致磁流变阻尼器产生非线性行为。

功率分流混合动力系统模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价

针对功率分流混合动力系统模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击机理尚不明确且缺乏客观评价指标和方法的问题,本文探究了模式切换连续瞬态冲击机理及其性能客观评价方法。首先,结合动力传动系统高动态性能测试台架,建立了考虑转矩过零、齿轮副啮合时变刚度、齿隙及驱动电机转矩脉动的功率分流混合动力专用变速器(DHT)瞬态扭振模型;其次,研究了DHT模式切换过程转矩过零变化机理,提出了考虑转矩过零次数和模式切换时间的连续瞬态冲击性能时域评价指标,并采用短时傅里叶变换方法建立了基于冲击度时频特性的频域评价指标;最后,以纯电动向功率分流混动模式切换过程为例,采用变异系数法对不同加速踏板开度和齿隙影响下的连续瞬态冲击性能进行了客观分析评价。结果表明,功率分流DHT动力输出端转矩频繁过零和齿隙间的耦合作用是引发模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击的主要原因,减小齿隙可降低最大振幅频率100~200 Hz范围内的连续瞬态冲击;同时,根据综合评价得分对比,得到了模式切换过程连续瞬态冲击性能优化参数,本研究可为功率分流混合动力系统模式切换平顺性协调控制策略优化提供支撑。

单绳缠绕式矿井提升机制动瞬态冲击抑制策略

在矿井提升机的制动控制中,制动瞬态冲击是影响矿井提升机安全可靠运行的关键问题。由于受到技术和经济成本的制约,目前包含贴闸/压紧的制动过程全程采用力闭环控制,这不可避免地导致闸瓦与闸盘刚性接触时的制动力瞬态冲击问题。针对矿井提升机制动瞬态冲击问题,文中提出了一种基于滞回切换原理的混合贴闸/压紧制动控制策略。首先,分别利用非奇异快速终端滑模控制和反步控制设计了贴闸和压紧控制器;其次,为达到快速贴闸的目的,设计了一种基于离散积分器的在线贴闸轨迹再规划方法,有效地减小了制动器贴闸时间;然后,为实现由贴闸控制到压紧控制的安全切换,利用滞回切换原理,制定了混合贴闸/压紧控制稳态切换策略,大大减小了制动力瞬态冲击;最后,为验证提出方法的有效性,选择传统全程力闭环控制策略C1与混合贴闸/压紧直接切换策略C2作为对比方法,在单绳缠绕式提升试验台进行了对比实验,从贴闸时间、制动力最大跟踪误差和提升钢丝绳最大张力3个方面对实验结果进行了分析。实验结果表明:相较于C1控制策略,提出制动控制策略的贴闸时间缩短了64.5%,钢丝绳张力峰值减小了41 N;相较于C2控制策略,提出制动控制策略的制动力冲击减小了90.3%,钢丝绳张力峰值减小了88 N。上述结果表明本文提出的方法能有效改善制动瞬态冲击,减小制动空动时间,提高制动系统安全性,同时本研究也为一类需要混合力/位置控制的电液伺服系统提供了一种有效的解决方法。

青砂岩破碎过程中冲击高度与时间关系的数值模拟分析

冲击速度及时间是破碎机设计过程中的重要参数。为优化破碎机的工作参数,降低能耗及提高效率,以青砂岩为研究对象,运用工程仿真软件ANSYS-Workbench对青砂岩的冲击过程进行瞬态分析,研究不同下落高度下的岩石冲击时间。结果表明,青砂岩冲击过程的加速度变化可分接触前不变、迅速增大、缓慢减小及接触后不变共4个阶段;青砂岩的冲击时间较短,一般为毫秒等级,且随下落高度的增大而增长。该结果对破碎机设计优化具有理论指导意义。

轿车子午线轮胎瞬态冲击特性的仿真研究

以轿车子午线轮胎(简称轮胎)为研究对象,建立轮胎-转鼓有限元模型,并采用隐式-显式仿真分析方法对轮胎瞬态冲击特性进行仿真研究。结果表明:轮胎从较低速度向较高速度转变时,对障碍条的包覆行为存在由完全包覆向非完全包覆转移的现象;随着轮胎速度的增大,轮胎径向力最大幅值变化趋势为增大-减小-增大-减小,周向力最大幅值变化趋势与之相反;径向力衰减特性是轮胎固有属性,不随轮胎速度的变化而变化;在较低速度下负荷越小的轮胎行驶舒适性越好,在中等速度下适量负荷可以保证轮胎行驶舒适性最好,在较高速度下负荷越大的轮胎行驶舒适性越好。

基于体硅MEMS工艺的射频微系统冲击特性仿真研究

高过载冲击试验成本高、周期长,同时失效检测手段较少,难以定位结构薄弱点。针对体硅工艺MEMS(Micro-electromechanical System)射频微系统,采用冲击响应谱与瞬态动力学方法,研究板级与试验条件下的高冲击载荷响应。仿真结果表明,该射频微系统能够承受高冲击过载,仿真结果可提前预判结构失效点,提高产品抗冲击可靠性。

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part II: Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact

Bird impact is one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. The consequences of bird impact can be severe and, therefore, the aircraft components have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into service. The fan rotor blades of aeroengine are the components being easily impacted by birds. It is necessary to ensure that the fan rotor blades should have adequate resistance against the bird impact, to reduce the flying accidents caused by bird impacts. Using the contacting-impacting algorithm, the numerical simulation is carded out to simulate bird impact. A three-blade computational model is set up for the fan rotor blade having shrouds. The transient response curves of the points corresponding to measured points in experiments, displacements and equivalent stresses on the blades are obtained during the simulation. From the comparison of the transient response curves obtained from numerical simulation with that obtained from experiments, it can be found that the variations in measured points and the corresponding points of simulation are basically the same. The deforming process, the maximum displacements and the maximum equivalent stresses on blades are analyzed. The numerical simulation verifies and complements the experiment results.

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part I:Experimental Study of Bird Impact

The conditions of experiment for bird impact to blades have been improved. The experiment of bird impact to the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is carried out. Through analyzing the transient state response of blades impacted by bird and the change of blade profile before and after the impact, the anti-bird impact performance of blades in the first fan rotor is verified. The basis of anti-foreign object damage design for the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is provided.

直流同时换相失败对受端暂态稳定影响因素及其协同恢复控制策略

多馈入直流受端系统中多直流同时发生换相失败无法避免,严重威胁系统的安全稳定运行。文章针对多馈入直流受端系统,从理论上研究了直流换相失败后恢复过程对受端系统暂态稳定性影响因素,并进一步提出了多直流协同恢复控制策略,以改善受端系统暂态稳定性。首先,建立了多馈入直流受端系统模型和直流潮流分析模型;其次,理论推导出了直流恢复过程中受端相对功角差关于直流功率的解析表达式,得到了直流恢复过程对受端系统暂态功角影响因素;然后,基于逆变侧直流控制器调节特性,得到了直流恢复过程对受端系统电压稳定影响因素,并基于上述影响因素提出了协同多直流恢复的控制策略。最后,在改进的Kundur's两区系统和IEEE-68节点机电-电磁混合仿真系统中进行测试,通过仿真验证了所提影响因素和协同恢复策略的正确性和有效性。

Transient Simulation on Dynamic Response of Liquid Annular Seals

Transient change of the operating parameters has a serious influence on the stability of liquid annular seals.Take the liquid annular seals as a research object,a numerical method based on six-degree-of-freedom(6DOF)to analyze the dynamic response of liquid annular seals under gravity impact load.The variations of the force of liquid seal and pressure as well as the axis trajectory in time history are investigated.The influence of different sealing clearance,different liquid viscosity and different rotor speed is also studied.The results show that the maximum sealing pressure and sealing force of gravity direction will increase greatly in a very short time and then reduce rapidly.When sealing clearance increases,the displacement response amplitudes of axis trajectory,the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure also increase.When liquid viscosity increases,the displacement response amplitudes of axis trajectory,the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure decrease.We also found that different rotor speed has almost no influence on the maximum sealing force of gravity direction and maximum sealing pressure.

基于有限元仿真的电池包机械冲击分析

以纯电动汽车的电池包为研究对象,通过GB 38031-2020确定其冲击载荷,进行有限元分析。利用OptiStruct对电池包进行瞬态响应计算,结果表明在7 ms时,电池包的吊耳及螺栓处的最大应力为167.5 MPa,小于材料抗拉强度270 MPa,符合设计要求。在开发初期应用有限元分析方法进行电池包的瞬态响应分析,有利于缩短电池包设计周期并降低成本。

高速射流的瞬态速度及冲击力采集研究

高速催泪射流作为新型武器装备在反恐、治安以及个人防护等公共安全领域具有广阔的应用前景,然而针对高速射流装备的瞬态评估的研究还不足。因此,本文搭建了高速射流的瞬态采集系统,其主要由高速摄像系统和动态力采集系统构成,在此基础上,探究了高速射流近距离的瞬态速度和冲击力,实验结果表明,高速射流在发射装置口处呈圆柱形集束传递,轨迹直径递增,出口速度可达98 m/s,瞬态冲击力持续4 ms,发射口处的冲击力峰值达到460 N,本研究为高速射流装备的效能评估奠定了基础。

某型航空发动机双转子系统碰摩分析及挠度抑制方法研究

针对航空发动机的碰摩故障,建立某型航空发动机转子系统三维有限元模型,进行临界转速计算、低压转子瞬态响应和双转子系统碰摩风险分析;进行双转子系统碰摩响应计算,得出双转子系统碰摩工况和位置识别;采用限位轴承进行挠度抑制。结果表明:双转子系统碰摩工况与位置符合低压转子瞬态响应与临界特性,低压转子的2、3阶临界特性受到了抑制。

板式给料机含间隙承载装置冲击动力学分析

为了研究重型板式给料机承载装置中,板轨间隙对结构变形、应力等静动力学响应的影响。首先基于能量法计算大块物料掉落作用于承载装置的落料冲击力;然后建立了承载装置有限元模型,在稳定运行工况下对其进行刚度分析,计算板轨间隙的下限;最后在落料冲击工况下对承载装置进行强度分析,探究结构应力响应随间隙的变化情况,并计算板轨间隙的上限。通过对承载装置在稳定运行与落料冲击两种工况下的强度、刚度分析,分析了板轨间隙的变化对结构静、动态响应的影响,并确定满足设计规范要求的板轨间隙,分析结果对板式给料机的优化改造具有现实意义。