Mitigation of Transients in Capacitor Coupled Substations Using Traditional RLC Filter Techniques

This article presents an extensive examination and modeling of Capacitor Coupled Substations (CCS), noting some of their inherent constraints. The underlying implementation of a CCS is to supply electricity directly from high-voltage (HV) transmission lines to low-voltage (LV) consumers through coupling capacitors and is said to be cost-effective as compared to conventional distribution networks. However, the functionality of such substations is susceptible to various transient phenomena, including ferroresonance and overvoltage occurrences. To address these challenges, the study uses simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) filter in mitigating hazardous overvoltage resulting from transients. The proposed methodology entails using standard RLC filter to suppress transients and its associated overvoltage risks. Through a series of MATLAB/Simulink simulations, the research emphasizes the practical effectiveness of this technique. The study examines the impact of transients under varied operational scenarios, including no-load switching conditions, temporary short-circuits, and load on/off events. The primary aim of the article is to assess the viability of using an established technology to manage system instabilities upon the energization of a CCS under no-load circumstances or in case of a short-circuit fault occurring on the primary side of the CCS distribution transformer. The findings underscore the effectiveness of conventional RLC filters in suppressing transients induced by the CCS no-load switching.

Measurements of electron-phonon coupling factor and interfacial thermal resistance of metallic nano-films using a transient thermoreflectance technique

Using a transient thermoreflectance （TTR） technique, several Au films with different thicknesses on glass and SiC substrates are measured for thermal characterization of metMlic nano-films, including the electron phonon coupling factor G, interfazial thermal resistance R, and thermal conductivity Ks of the substrate. The rear heating-front detecting （RF） method is used to ensure the femtosecond temporal resolution. An intense laser beam is focused on the rear surface to heat the film, and another weak laser beam is focused on the very spot of the front surface to detect the change in the electron temperature. By varying the optical path delay between the two beams, a complete electron temperature profile can be scanned. Different from the normally used single-layer model, the double-layer model involving interfaciM thermal resistance is studied here. The electron temperature cooling profile can be affected by the electron energy transfer into the substrate or the electron-phonon interactions in the metallic films. For multiple-target optimization, the genetic algorithm （GA） is used to obtain both G and R. The experimental result gives a deep understanding of the mechanism of ultra-fast heat transfer in metals.

Analysis on conducted coupling of electrical fast transient burst in mines

Under the inflammable or explosive environment, the direct measurement methods by opening up the explo- sion-proof shell of electrical installations were not adopted. So, it＇s impossible to have a quantitative analysis on the limit of conducted disturbance for electrical fast transient burst （EFT/B） in such dangerous environments. Transient conducted coupling model, which using EFT/B as its excitation source, can be built based on circuit and electromagnetic field theory. Furthermore, numerical analysis was performed. The results indicate that the capacitive coupling voltage is the same polarity as EFT/B, and is the main disturbance form of conducted coupling in mines. The inductive coupling voltage is reversed polarity with the ca- pacitive coupling voltage, and both peaks appear only in the rising time of EFT/B, which increase with the rising of load resistance. Moreover, the cable coupling voltage on the side of disturbance source is higher than the one on the other side in tunnel. To reduce the common resistance can suppress the resistive coupling disturbance.

ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING MODEL AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR FOR INERTIAL RECIPROCATION MACHINES

The dynamical equations for a inertial reciprocating machine excited by two rotating eccentric weights were built by the matrix methodology for establishing dynamical equations of discrete systems. A mathematical model of electromechanical coupling system for the machine was formed by combining the dynamical equations with the state equations of the two motors. The computer simulation to the model was performed for several values of the damping coefficient or the motor power, respectively. The substance of transient behavior of the machine is unveiled by analyzing the results of the computer simulation, and new methods are presented for diminishing the transient amplitude of the vibrating machine and improving the transient behavior. The reliable mathematical model is provided for intelligent control of the transient behavior and engineering design of the equipment.

Transient thermo-mechanical coupling simulation of wet brake friction disk on tracked vehicle

The transient finite element technique is applied, and a transient heat conduction model of wet brake friction disk is established. For obtaining the accurate heat flow density mathematic model and avoiding possibly instable thermoelastic stress produced by the non uniform contact pressure of friction pair, a test method is applied to collect accurate contact pressure between the dual sheet steel and friction disk in the combining process. And then the heat-flow density and transient ther mo mechanical coupling simulation are analyzed. At the same time all possible boundary conditions are considered, such as the heat generation, heat conduction problem, relation between friction and contact, variation in load and heat change problem etc. The simulation results show that the me chanical model of thermo mechanical coupling can express well the dynamic characteristics of fric tion disk, and gives perfect reference for more study on thermoelastic distortion of brake friction pairs.

Electromechanical coupling model and analysis of transient behavior for inertial vibrating machines

A mathematical model of electromechanical coupling system for a planar inertial vibrating machine is built by setting up dynamical equations of discrete systems with a matrix methodology proposed. The substance of the transient behavior of the machine is unveiled by analyzing the results of the computer simulation to the model, and new methods are presented for diminishing the transient amplitude of the vibrating machine and improving the transient behavior. The reliable mathematical model is provided for intelligent control of the transient behavior of the equipment.

A novel multi-slice electromagnetic field-circuit coupling method for transient computation of long-distance gas-insulated transmission lines

Accurate calculation of short-circuit electromagnetic force is crucial for both mechanical strength check and the optimal design of gas-insulated transmission lines(GIL).Since the full 3D numerical simulation method is highly time-consuming,a novel lightweight 2D multi-slice electromagnetic field-circuit coupled method for computing transient electromagnetic force is proposed,where appropriate port voltage degrees of freedom(DoFs)are introduced for the solid GIL conductor terminals.When the transient magnetic field equations are combined with the constraint equations of circuit part,including nodal voltage and loop current DoFs,a direct field-circuit coupling scheme is thus derived.The proposed method can simultaneously consider the effect of interphaseshunts and ground wires,as well as the skin effect and proximity effect.It can accurately capture the transient electromagnetic characteristics of GIL spanning from several to tens of kilometers under different short-circuit conditions.The transient electromagnetic forces,as well as the induced voltages and currents of the enclosure,are analysed by the proposed method for both single-phase and three-phase enclosed GIL under various short-circuit conditions.The proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy and lightweight computational cost,and thus it is also suitable for conducting important simulation tasks such as mechanical strength checks during the design optimisation phase of long-distance GIL.

Implementation of high-fidelity neutronics and thermal–hydraulic coupling calculations in HNET

To perform nuclear reactor simulations in a more realistic manner,the coupling scheme between neutronics and thermal-hydraulics was implemented in the HNET program for both steady-state and transient conditions.For simplicity,efficiency,and robustness,the matrixfree Newton/Krylov(MFNK)method was applied to the steady-state coupling calculation.In addition,the optimal perturbation size was adopted to further improve the convergence behavior of the MFNK.For the transient coupling simulation,the operator splitting method with a staggered time mesh was utilized to balance the computational cost and accuracy.Finally,VERA Problem 6 with power and boron perturbation and the NEACRP transient benchmark were simulated for analysis.The numerical results show that the MFNK method can outperform Picard iteration in terms of both efficiency and robustness for a wide range of problems.Furthermore,the reasonable agreement between the simulation results and the reference results for the NEACRP transient benchmark verifies the capability of predicting the behavior of the nuclear reactor.

Phase Control of Transient Optical Properties of Double Coupled Quantum-Dot Nanostructure via Gaussian Laser Beams

We theoretically analyze the transient properties of a probe field absorption and dispersion in a coupled semiconductor double-quantum-dot nanostructure.We show that in the presence of the Gaussian laser beams,absorption and dispersion of the probe field can be dramatically influenced by the relative phase between applied fields and intensity of the Gaussian laser beams.Transient and steady-state behaviors of the probe field absorption and dispersion are discussed to estimate the required switching time.The estimated range is between 5-8 ps for subluminal to superluminal light propagation.

A Coupled Transiently Chaotic Neural Network Approach for Identical Parallel Machine Scheduling

在相同机器上安排工作是经常在各种各样的生产系统遇到的一种状况。在这份报纸，一新联合了短暂地混乱的神经网络(CTCNN ) 被提出解决相同平行机器安排。这个问题的一个混合整数编程模型被介绍一个排列矩阵表达式转变成 CTCNN 计算体系结构。新计算精力功能被建议除所有限制以外表示目的。特别地，在精力功能在惩罚术语之中存在的折衷问题被使用变化时间的惩罚参数克服。最后，结果与 100 个随机的起始的条件在 3 个不同规模问题上测试了证明网络收敛并且能在合理时间解决这些问题。

Synchronization of Transient Delay-Coupled Network

A transient delay-coupled network was proposed by modifying the standard delay-coupled network with a transient coupling technique to enlarge the synchronization domain of the network, where the synchronization domain is the interval of the coupling strength for which the network gets synchronized. The coupling of the transient delay-coupled network is activated when the systems are in a particular region (coupling region) of the phase space and inactivated otherwise, which is different from the standard coupling. The specific synchronization performance of the transient delay-coupled network was investigated through case studies. The relationships between the synchronization domain and the coupling region were obtained by gauging the synchronization index. It is understood that the synchronization domain changes in a non-smooth manner with the variation of the coupling region. In particular, the synchronization domain of a transient delay-coupled network is much larger than that of the standard delay-coupled network when the coupling region is appropriately determined.

Numerical Simulation of Gear Heat Distribution in Meshing Process Based on Thermal-structural Coupling

The thermal balance state of high-speed and heavy-load gear transmissionsystem has an important influence on the performance and failure of geartransmission and the design of gear lubrication system. Excessive surfacetemperature of gear teeth is the main cause of gluing failure of gear contactsurface. To investigate the gear heat distribution in meshing processand discuss the effect of thermal conduction on heat distribution,a finiteelement model of spur gear is presented in the paper which can representgeneral involute spur gears. And a simulation approach is use to calculategear heat distribution in meshing process. By comparing with theoreticalcalculation, the correctness of the simulation method is verified, and theheat distribution of spur gear under the condition of heat conduction isfurther analyzed. The difference between the calculation results with heatconduction and without heat conduction is compared. The research hascertain reference significance for dry gear hobbing and the same type ofthermal-structural coupling analysis.

基于子循环自适应串行交错时间匹配算法的油浸式变压器绕组瞬态温升计算

针对传统算法存在的步长调整及耦合点选择问题,该文提出基于子循环自适应串行交错(SCAS)的时间匹配算法。首先,在步长调整方面,通过加入自适应(ATS)-启发式(HTS)混合变步长算法,解决步长无法实时调整的问题;然后,针对耦合点选择问题,该文在传统常规串行交错(CSS)时间匹配算法及现有改进方案子循环常规串行交错(SCSS)的基础上,提出SCAS时间匹配算法,采用自适应方案确定计算时间窗及预定耦合点,并引入指数平滑法对其精度进行保证;最后,该文基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器建立二维瞬态单分区分匝绕组模型,并将所提算法与其他传统方法进行对比分析。结果表明:在精度方面,与传统CSS算法相比SCAS算法的流场及温度场最大平均相对误差均不超过0.45%,在可接受误差范围内;在效率方面,SCAS算法总体计算效率较CSS算法提高了近20倍。同时,为了说明所提算法的工程价值,该文搭建基于110 kV变压器绕组模型的温升实验平台,将SCAS时间匹配算法应用于该模型中,实验结果表明:在精度方面,SCAS算法与实验达到稳态时最大绝对误差为2.7 K;在计算效率上,本文所提算法的计算效率较传统算法提升约46倍,计算步数约为传统的1/47,减少了计算冗余。

非饱和瞬态渗流的DDA流固耦合模型研究

DDA由于处理块体大变形、大位移问题能力较强,因此被广泛应用在岩体数值模拟当中。但该方法在模拟渗流场,尤其是瞬态渗流场方面目前鲜有研究。根据立方定律建立DDA稳态渗流模型,将非饱和二维Richards方程离散化处理,推导DDA瞬态整体渗流矩阵。将水头矩阵以外荷载形式作用在块体上,建立瞬态非饱和渗流流固耦合DDA计算模型。通过对土柱入渗、砂槽入渗试验和危岩体工程案例进行数值模拟,验证了该模型的正确性,为DDA处理非饱和瞬态流固耦合问题提供新方法。

动力学耦合分析下反应堆被动容错可靠性控制

反应堆长时间、高负荷的运转,使内部各设备出现不同程度磨损,易发生故障。由于反应堆变量复杂,导致其控制难度较大。为此,提出动力学耦合分析下反应堆被动容错可靠性控制方法。根据差分格式、因子分解理论求解反应堆相关变量,即密度、能量、位置及其运动方向等,按照燃料与冷却剂的温度、密度求解每个区域的截面,确定反应堆运行状态;运用事件触发机制设计反应堆被动容错控制程序,使用故障分布矩阵分析每个设备故障程度,检测出故障位置,通过控制率重组理念修改正常状态反馈回路增益,使修改后系统与正常系统性能一致。实验结果表明,所提方法故障检测结果与实际情况一致,且控制误差小,有效提升了反应堆被动容错控制的可靠性。

螺旋金属燃料多物理耦合分析方法与概念设计研究

螺旋金属燃料具有导热系数高、导热路径短、强制旋流交混的特点,可实现更高的堆芯功率密度,进而减小堆芯体积,提高反应堆的安全性和经济性。本文介绍了上海交通大学反应堆热工水力实验室建立的螺旋金属燃料热工水力、中子物理、力学特性分析方法及多物理耦合分析框架。在热工水力方面,基于自研仪器实现了交混及沸腾临界行为精细化测量,建立了三维及精细化子通道分析方法;在中子物理方面,建立了适用于特殊能谱、复杂几何的截面及稳瞬态中子物理特性的分析方法;在力学方面,基于分子动力学方法建立了U-Zr合金燃料基础热物性模型,并开展了辐照条件下螺旋棒宏观力学特性研究。基于热工-物理-力学多物理分析和优化,提出了螺旋金属燃料组件及堆芯设计,具有无硼化、堆芯功率密度高、体积小、换料周期长的特点。

电快速瞬变脉冲群串扰耦合分析及防护措施研究

EFT产生的瞬态脉冲干扰可通过电缆耦合进入电子系统的内部,损伤电子设备。为降低瞬态脉冲对电缆串扰耦合的影响,首先利用电磁仿真软件CST建立平行电缆耦合仿真模型,当电压等级为4 kV时,测试电缆的近端串扰电压达到71.2 V,远高于部分敏感器件的阈值;然后通过分析电快速瞬变脉冲群的频谱特性,瞬态脉冲的干扰能量主要集中在1~10 MHz的范围内;最后利用仿真软件Filter Solution设计合理的防护电路。结果表明,防护电路能有效降低瞬态脉冲对电路的影响。

二次水断供核主泵屏蔽电机冷却水瞬态热分析

核主泵屏蔽电机在热态极端环境参数额定(简称热态额定)工况下,二次水突然断供(secondary water supply outage,SWSO)300 s时刻,一次下导轴承润滑水温不超过警报温度95℃是产品出厂的重要指标,研究该情况下热流场计算方法及各种参数随时间演变特性对于电机热安全非常重要。首先,以北方工厂冷态环境参数下额定(简称冷态额定)工况该电机SWSO前后稳/瞬态厂内测量入出口试验数据为边界条件,采用有限体积法,进行流场和温度场的流固耦合数值模拟,模拟值与试验值300 s时的误差为5.97%,验证了计算方法准确性。然后,数值反演热态额定工况SWSO一/二次冷却水的温度场随时间变化规律。结果表明:SWSO 300 s内,二次水流速及对流传热系数随时间变化存在特征明显不同的2个阶段,二次水与螺旋槽壁面间对流换热系数h由稳态时7808.06 W/(m^(2)⋅K),13 s内减少到480.07 W/(m^(2)⋅K),随后h变化很小;热态额定参数时,下导轴承润滑水温远低于报警值95℃。为核主泵屏蔽电机轴承润滑水热安全计算提供参考。

基于POD-αATS的油浸变压器瞬态温升降阶自适应变步长计算方法

针对油浸式电力变压器瞬态温升计算效率过低的问题,该文提出本征正交分解-αATS(proper orthogonal decomposition-adaptive time stepping based onαfactor,POD-αATS)降阶自适应变步长瞬态计算方法。首先,推导变压器绕组瞬态温升计算的有限元离散方程;其次,采用POD降阶算法改善传统瞬态计算中存在的条件数过大及方程阶数过高的问题;同时对于瞬态计算中的时间步长选择问题,提出适用于非线性问题的αATS变步长策略;然后,为验证方法的有效性,基于110 kV油浸式电力变压器绕组的基本结构建立二维八分区数值计算模型,同时将计算结果与基于110 kV绕组的温升实验结果进行对比。数值计算及实验结果表明,所提算法与全阶定步长算法在流场和温度场中的精度几乎相同,且流场计算效率提升约45倍,温度场计算效率提升约38倍,计算速度得到显著提高。这一点在温升实验中同样得到验证,说明该文所提算法的准确性、高效性及一定的工程实用性。

功率耦合和电流限幅影响下构网型变流器的暂态同步稳定分析

在有限过流能力的构网型变流器中,有功和无功环之间的功率耦合以及电压电流环之间的电流限幅,会极大地影响变流器与电网的同步过程。因此,该文致力于研究大扰动故障下功率耦合和电流限幅对变流器暂态同步稳定性的影响。首先,考虑上述环节建立构网型变流器并网系统的降阶模型;然后,构建包含构网型控制主要状态变量(功角、频率和输出电压)的能量函数,并在此基础上通过拉塞尔理论估计变流器的吸引域及其对应的暂态稳定裕度。分析表明,功率耦合和电流限幅分别通过影响等效势能和阻尼分布削弱变流器的暂态同步稳定性。由此,该文提出一种基于虚拟阻抗和功率解耦的构网型控制优化策略,以抑制功率耦合和电流限幅引入的负面影响。最后,仿真和实验结果验证上述理论分析的正确性。