Short-Term Memory Capacity across Time and Language Estimated from Ancient and Modern Literary Texts. Study-Case: New Testament Translations

We study the short-term memory capacity of ancient readers of the original New Testament written in Greek, of its translations to Latin and to modern languages. To model it, we consider the number of words between any two contiguous interpunctions Ip, because this parameter can model how the human mind memorizes “chunks” of information. Since IP can be calculated for any alphabetical text, we can perform experiments—otherwise impossible— with ancient readers by studying the literary works they used to read. The “experiments” compare the IP of texts of a language/translation to those of another language/translation by measuring the minimum average probability of finding joint readers (those who can read both texts because of similar short-term memory capacity) and by defining an “overlap index”. We also define the population of universal readers, people who can read any New Testament text in any language. Future work is vast, with many research tracks, because alphabetical literatures are very large and allow many experiments, such as comparing authors, translations or even texts written by artificial intelligence tools.

Advantages and Limitations of Translation Memory in Translation Teaching

With the rapid development of translation technology, great changes have taken place in translation teaching. The traditional translation teaching can not meet the needs of the market, and the market is in urgent need of translators who are proficient in information technology. Therefore, translation memory is gradually applied to translation teaching. Translation teaching has been liberated by translation memory to some extent. And translation memory makes translation teaching avoid a lot of repeated knowledge and processes of translation. It is no doubt that translation memory has some limitations. As a result, the advantages and limitations of translation memory in translation teaching are discussed.

A Case Study of Translation of Memories of Qingdao(Excerpt) from the Perspective of Semantic Translation

The author's practice of translation—Memories of Qingdao is selected from Liang Shiqiu's works, and he is a Chinese famous contemporary prose writer. The Chinese original version of Memories of Qingdao doesn't have its English translation yet,and this part is also selected as English World Cup's competition text in 2019. The study object in this thesis is the translation practice of Memories of Qingdao and the main theoretical foundation is semantic translation, combining with communicative translation as the auxiliary translation theory to modify and improve the translation text. This aim of this translation practice report is to introduce Chinese excellent literary works to foreign readers as well as to spread Chinese excellent cultures. Meanwhile, its purpose also includes the self-promotion of literary connotation and translation competence, providing more conference in the field of literary translation.

A Brief Analysis of the Translator’s Subjectivity in the Process of Computer Aided Translation

In the era of globalization and big data,the demand for translation is growing rapidly,and the task of translators is be⁃coming increasingly burdensome.The emergence of computer aided translation technology provides great convenience for transla⁃tion work.The main body of computer aided translation process is the translator,which avoids many drawbacks in machine transla⁃tion.This paper aims to have a brief analysis of the translator's subjectivity in the process of computer aided translation,which will be helpful for the development of the computer aided translation technology.

Diablo Technologies发布全球首款全闪存DDR4内存模块MEMORY(TM)

——该突破性的设计获近期于北京举办的大数据世界论坛＂最佳大数据分析基础设施奖＂和＂最佳大数据运营基础设施奖＂Diablo Technolog ies近日在北京发布全球首款全闪存服务器系统内存技术Memory1TM,这项技术改写了数据中心性能表现和经济效益两方面的行业标准。Diablo还宣布Memory1技术获得2015年大数据世界论坛颁发的“最佳大数据分析基础设施奖”和“最佳大数据运营基础设施奖”两项大奖。

危机应对临时团队的TMS及社会资本研究初探

在分析了危机应对临时团队作用以及特征的基础上,引入了社会资本的研究范式,以交互记忆系统(TMS)的构建作为临时团队初始社会资本积累的方法与手段,提出了社会资本与TMS之间的相辅相成、相互促进的螺旋上升的三个基本观点。最终聚焦到危机应对临时团队TMS的初始构建上,并根据文献分析和基于汶川地震中"K388临时团队"的案例分析,提出了基于社会资本理论的临时团队TMS初始构建的初步探索。

翻译记忆(TM)——计算机翻译技术的新发展

机器翻译 (MT)和机器辅助翻译 (CAT)是两个既有联系又有着本质区别的概念。本文回顾了机器翻译的历史 ,比较了机器翻译和机器辅助翻译各自的特点 ,着重论述了翻译记忆软件的工作原理、特点及其应用。

TM还是MT?——谈CAT软件设计中的认知理据

本文从比较分析机器翻译和翻译记忆的不同现状及其背后所隐藏的认知原理入手,指出CAT软件是人类在解决语义问题之前,利用计算机对语言转换之间的形式特征进行描写计算所取得的辉煌成果。其中,尽管机器翻译和翻译记对语义障碍采取了不同的态度,前者试图直接针对当前翻译本身进行分析处理,后者则借助过去积累的翻译经验对语言转换进行形式计算,但从认知策略上它们都体现了人类共同的认知经济倾向。所以我们在设计CAT软件时,应当创新途径,同时容纳机器翻译和翻译记忆,让二者能够优势互补、配合使用,从而取得更好的翻译辅助效果。

Touch Memory与微处理器的接口设计

介绍一种新型信息化产品—TouchMemory ,以及与各种微处理器的接口设计技术 ,并列举了运用TM卡构成应用系统的基本方法。

一种新型的Free-memory众核处理器片上通信接口

高性能计算机系统越来越多采用集群系统,集群系统的性能极大地依赖于通信接口。基于片外SRAM保存地址变换表的用户级通信方法,极大地增加了芯片和系统的设计复杂度和成本。在传统基于I/O总线的HCA基础上,提出并实现了一种新型的Free-Memory的众核处理器片上通信接口,去掉了本地存储器接口,通过高效的cache管理策略降低地址变换开销。测试结果表明我们实现的通信接口在降低了芯片和系统实现复杂度和成本的同时,还获得了比Infiniband的QDR HCA更好的通信带宽和延迟。

在过去的绵延中深入未来——汉语译诗与译者写诗的记忆诗学比较研究

记忆自古以来便是诗歌言说的内容,但到了近现代以后,诗人开始把回忆和遗忘的过程作为文学的主题。英国哲学家洛克、休谟通过记忆研究在自我认同问题上的建构和解构,给浪漫派提供了强大的思想支援,并最终导向“自我同一性的缺失”这样一个重要的现代主义诗学命题,而这种转变以翻译为媒传达给了穆旦。戴望舒在译介法国象征派的同时实现了记忆的空间化,并且找到了一种新的主体性的表达。基于法国哲学家柏格森有关时间、绵延、意识和记忆等概念,俄罗斯阿克梅派诗人曼德尔施塔姆提出了“时间的玫瑰”这样一种以有机体的永恒统一的名义摧毁正典的诗学。北岛借鉴了曼氏的这一意象,重建记忆中的北京,肯定了曼氏所言的“创新和记忆携手而行”。

基于LSTM算法的英语翻译智能化校对系统设计

为提升译文质量,针对广泛普及的英语语种,架构翻译智能化校对系统。利用ADO.NET对象类库,设计语句关系表、翻译判定表等数据库表结构。采用python语言编写应用程序界面的运行程序,结合构建的主页、编辑、显示等view类,得到系统用户端。基于Open Nebula的IaaS云平台与长短期记忆算法,设计出服务器端的编码模块。建立词向量信息融合模块,经架构词语校对单元与语义校对单元,得到智能校对模块。黑盒测试结果表明,该系统各项功能均可达成预期目标;性能评估指标结果显示,所建系统大幅提升译文质量,校对优势显著。

融合依存句法和LSTM的神经机器翻译模型

针对神经机器翻译模型Transformer缺少语言学知识,以及位置信息编码方式不够灵活等问题,引入依存句法分析和长短时记忆网络LSTM(long short-term memory,LSTM),在神经机器翻译系统中构建源语言句法结构信息,并且利用LSTM的记忆特性获取更加准确的位置信息。给出一个源语言序列,采用依存句法树来将其转化为相应的依存关系矩阵,最后采用CBOW(continuous bag-of-words model,CBOW)模型根据依存关系词和上下文词预测目标词获取词向量。输出的词向量使用LSTM模型训练,将每一个时间步的输出与原序列拼接作为输入序列。实验结果表明:在WMT17汉语-英语语言对的翻译任务中,使用改进后的模型提升了0.93个BLEU点。

Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the spatial learning and memory function of rats after focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Tetramethylpyrazine （TMP） presents the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, reduces arteria resistance, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves microcirculation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of TMP on the learning and memory abilities and the number of neurons in cortex and hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats DESIGN： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Human Anatomy and Histological Embryology, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. MATERIALS： Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. TMP was purchased from Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd （Lot Number： 2004051106, Specification： 2 mL/piece）. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in School of Medicine of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from June 2004 to May 2005. The 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table method： sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia control group, low-dose TMP group, middle-dose TMP group and high-dose TMP group, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the TMP groups were immediately treated with intraperitoneal injection of TMP of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg respectively, and those in the sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia control group were injected intraperitoneally by isovolume saline, once a day for 14 days successively. On the 15^th day, the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and then the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining of brain sections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The results of Morris water maze test and the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus by Nissl staining of brain sections were observed. RESULTS： Finally 39 rats were involved in the analysis of results, and the other 11 died of excessive anesthesia or failure in model establishment. ① The rats in the cerebral ischemia control group manifested obvious spatial cognitive deficits in the place navigation trial and spatial probe trial. The mean values of escape latency in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously shorter than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（23.92±2.21）, （41.84±3.74）, （39.50 ±3.80）, （31.38_±3.72）, （61.60±3.61） s, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. In the spatial probe trial, significant differences in the percentage of time spending in the former platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the former platform site in the sham-operated group, lose, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously higher or more than those in the cerebral ischemia control group [（36.27±3.42） %, （35.84±2.54）%, （38.43±3.08）%, （36.51±1.96）%, （22.24±3.46）%; （11 ±1 ）, （10±1）, （8_±1）, （8±1）, （4±1） times, P 〈 0.01]. ② In the morphological observation, the numbers of neurons in ipsilateral （left） parietal cortex in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously more than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（98±8）, （65±5）, （53±6）, （57±6）, （37±6）/0.625 mm^2, P 〈 0.01], but the number of neurons in left hippocampus had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： TMP can improve obviously the spatial learning and memory function after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and the neuroprotective role of the drug in cortex may be involved in its mechanism.

Functions and Benefits of SDL Translator's Workbench 2007

Nowadays more and more translators are trying to use machine to help their translation work.Translator's Workbench is a tool of machine translation.In this essay,I will explore functions and benefits of Translator's workbench 2007 with the theory of MT and TM.

Translating Interdisciplinary Research on Language Learning into Identifying Specific Learning Disabilities in Verbally Gifted and Average Children and Youth

The current research was grounded in prior interdisciplinary research that showed cognitive ability (verbal ability for translating cognitions into oral language) and multiple-working memory endophenotypes (behavioral markers of genetic or brain bases of language learning) predict reading and writing achievement in students with and without specific learning disabilities in written language (SLDs-WL). Results largely replicated prior findings that verbally gifted with dyslexia score higher on reading and writing achievement than those with average verbal ability but not on endophenotypes. The current study extended that research by comparing those with and without SLDs-WL with assessed verbal ability held constant. The verbally gifted without SLDs-WL (n = 14) scored higher than the verbally gifted with SLDs-WL (n = 27) on six language skills (oral sentence construction, best and fastest handwriting in copying, single real word oral reading accuracy, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and four endophenotypes (orthographic and morphological coding, orthographic loop, and switching attention). The verbally average without SLDs-WL (n = 6) scored higher than the verbally average with SLDs-WL (n = 22) on four language skills (best and fastest hand-writing in copying, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and two endophenotypes (orthographic coding and orthographic loop). Implications of results for translating interdisciplinary research into flexible definitions for assessment and instruction to serve students with varying verbal abilities and language learning and endophenotype profiles are discussed along with directions for future research.

TMS320C6000以太网视音频设备网络参数设置

介绍了内置Web服务器的TMS320C6000以太网设备将MAC地址及用户指定的网络参数保存在FlashMemory中,并采用网页的方式合理性校验与设置用户指定的网络参数,以及将网络参数恢复到出厂默认设置的设计和实现.

Memory Recently Retold： The Chinese Historical Writing of the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II

Memories regarding the history of the Second Sino-Japanese War （1931-1945） and World War il （1939-1945） have always been refreshed in the minds of contemporaries through the retelling of ＂historical war stories＂ in various forms including books, posters, films and other media presentations. However, these retellings are often criticised by some academics as distortion of historical facts. This is because many of the present generation of readers and audiences were not even born at the time the events happened. Thus, ＂historical facts＂ of this era are, in reality, very vague in people＇s minds and their ＂facts＂ are often simply a construction of frequently retold ＂historical war stories＂ mixed with imagination. This article will argue that even immediately after the end of both wars in 1945, fresh history memory was already distorted, with China being the main victim. Following the end of World War II, there was an extensive publication of books and periodicals about the war. However, through varied interpretations of primary sources and use of visual materials in different ways, various positions were created to suit specific needs for justification of China＇s desire to be part of the camp of world powers after 1945. Similar diverse positions were also used to make political arguments criticising both the Axis and Allied Powers for working toward different political ends.

Content Addressable Memory Using Automatic Charge Balancing with Self-Control Mechanism and Master-Slave Match Line Design

Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a type of memory used for high-speed search applications. Due to parallel comparison feature, the CAM memory leads to large power consumption which is caused by frequent pre-charge or discharge of match line. In this paper, CAM for automatic charge balancing with self-control mechanism is proposed to control the voltage swing of ML for reducing the power consumption of CAM. Another technique to reduce the power dissipation is to use MSML, it combines the master-slave architecture with charge minimization technique. Unlike the conventional design, only one match line (ML) is used, whereas in Master-Slave Match Line (MSML) one master ML and several slave MLs are used to reduce the power dissipation in CAM caused by match lines (MLs). Theoretically, the match line (ML) reduces the power consumption up to 50% which is independent of search and match case. The simulation results using Cadence tool of MSML show the reduced power consumption in CAM and modified CAM cell.